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词汇 trans-
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trans-
pref.（前缀）
  1. Across; on the other side; beyond:
    表示“横跨；在…的另一边；越过”：
    transpolar.
    横跨南极的
  2. Through:
    表示“贯通”：
    transcontinental.
    横贯大陆的
  3. Change; transfer:
    表示“变化；移动”：
    transliterate.
    翻译
  4. Having a pair of identical atoms on opposite sides of two atoms linked by a double bond. Used of a geometric isomer:
    超越周期表的：在由双键连接的两个原子的相对两侧有一对相同的原子的，用来指几何异构体的：
    trans- butene.
    前缀，表“超” 丁烯

语源
  1. From Latin trāns-
    源自 拉丁语 trāns-
  2. from trāns [across, beyond, through] * see terə- 2
    源自 trāns [横越，超过，穿过] *参见 terə- 2
trans- or (sometimes before s-) tran-

prefix

across, beyond, crossing, on the other side
⇒ transoceanic
⇒ trans-Siberian
⇒ transatlantic
changing thoroughly
⇒ transliterate
transcending
⇒ transubstantiation
transversely
⇒ transect
(often in italics) indicating that a chemical compound has a molecular structure in which two groups or atoms are on opposite sides of a double bond
⇒ trans-butadiene
Compare cis- (sense 2)

Origin

from Latin trāns across, through, beyond

trans-

Word Origin
1
a prefix occurring in loanwords from Latin (transcend; transfix); on this model, used with the meanings “across,” “beyond,” “through,” “changing thoroughly,” “transverse,” in combination with elements of any origin:
transisthmian; trans-Siberian; transempirical; transvalue.
2
Chemistry. a prefix denoting a geometric isomer having a pair of identical atoms or groups on the opposite sides of two atoms linked by a double bond.
Compare cis- (def 2).
3
Astronomy. a prefix denoting something farther from the sun (than a given planet):
trans-Martian; trans-Neptunian.
4
a prefix meaning “on the other side of,” referring to the misalignment of one’s gender identity with one's biological sex assigned at birth:
transgender; transsexual.
Origin
< Latin, combining form of trāns (adv. and preposition) across, beyond, through

Related Words

  • transcalent
  • transduction
  • transfix
  • transfuse
  • transmigrate
  • transmission
trans-1. a prefix meaning 'across', 'beyond', freely applied in geographical terms (transcontinental, trans-Australian), also found attached to stems not used as words, and in figurative meanings, as transpire, transport, transcend.
2. a prefix meaning 'across' in the sense of changing from one state to another, as in transgender, transsexual.
3. Chemistry See cis-trans isomerism.
[Latin, combining form of trans (preposition)]
trans-
prefix
 ETYMOLOGY  Latin trans-, tra- across, beyond, through, so as to change, from trans across, beyond — more at through
1. on or to the other side of : across : beyond
    transatlantic
2.
  a. beyond (a specified chemical element) in the periodic table
      transuranium
  b. usually italic : trans
      trans-dichloro-ethylene
  — compare cis- 2
3. through
    transcutaneous
4. so or such as to change or transfer
    transliterate
    translocation
    transamination
    transship
trans-
/træns/  
prefix
1.
across; beyond
表示“横穿”, “超过”：

transcontinental

transgress.

■  on or to the other side of
表示“在…的那边”, “到…的另一边”：

transatlantic

transalpine.

常与CIS-相对。

2.
through
表示“通过”, “贯通”：

transonic.

■  into another state or place
表示“转移”, “变化”：

transform

translate.

■  surpassing; transcending
表示“超越”, “胜过”：

transfinite.

3.
Chemistry （一般作trans-）denoting molecules with trans arrangements of substituents
【化】表示“反式的”：

trans-1,2-dichloroethene.

■  Genetics denoting alleles on different chromosomes
【遗传】表示“转移的”。
词源
from Latin trans 'across'.
trans-, prefixThe Latin preposition trans, ‘across, to or on the farther side of, beyond, over’, also used in comb., (1) with verbs, and their derived ns. and adjs., e.g. transīre to go across, transitio, transitor, transitus, transitīvus, transitōrius; transferre to bear across, transfer, translātus, translātio, translātor, translātīvus, translātīcius; (2) with adjs. derived from ns. (more strictly with n. + adjectival suffix), as transfluviālis beyond the river, transfluvial, transmarīnus beyond sea, transmarine, transmontānus beyond the mountains, tramontane, translīmitānus beyond the boundary or frontier; esp. with adjs. in -ānus, -īnus from names of mountains, rivers, or districts, as transalpīn-us, transaustrīn-us (Auster south wind), transdānubiān-us, transpadān-us (Padus Po), transrhēnān-us (Rhēnus Rhine), transtiberīn-us, transtigrītān-us. Before initial s, the s of trans- was generally but not always dropped, as in tran-spicĕre to look through, tran-scendĕre to transcend, tran-scrībĕre to transcribe, tran-suĕre to stitch through. In a number of verbs and their derivatives, trans- was reduced before a consonant to trā-, e.g. trādĕre to hand over, tradūcĕre to lead across, trājicĕre or trāicĕre to throw across, trājectus a crossing, trānāre to swim across.In med.L. the number of these compounds was increased, and verbs formed also on ns., as transaccidentāre to transpose the accidents, transubstantiāre to transmute the substance, transnoctāre to pass the night, transviāre to change the path or course of. They are also numerous in the modern Romanic languages. Many of the English words came through French; in OF. the inherited form was in tres-, as trespasser to trespass; the later adapted form is in trans-.In English, trans- occurs in compounds representing those already used in Latin, and in others formed analogously from L. elements; also in compounds the second element of which is an English or other non-Latin word. The chief uses are as follows:1. With the sense ‘across, through, over, to or on the other side of, beyond, outside of, from one place, person, thing, or state to another’: in verbs and their derivative ns. and adjs. representing L. compounds, or formed etymologically on Latin elements; e.g. transcolate, transcribe, transcript, transcription, transport, transportation.2. in verbs, etc. formed on Eng. vbs., adjs., or ns., as transboard, transearth, transfashion, tranship, trans-shape, transtime.3. in adjs. and their derivatives, representing L. adjs., or formed analogically on L. words, as transmarine, transmural; also on English ns. or adjs., as trans-border, -desert, -frontier, -polar. These may have the sense ‘across, crossing’, or ‘beyond, on the other side of’, or both senses, as trans-oceanic. Special groups are:4. in adjs. with the sense ‘beyond, surpassing, transcending’, as transhuman, -material, -rational.5. a. in adjs., scientific terms (chiefly anatomical), with the sense ‘through, across’ (the thing denoted by the n. implied), as transabdominal, trans-antral [antrum], trans-capillary, trans-cervical, trans-cutaneous, trans-duodenal, trans-epithelial, trans-glottal, trans-granular, trans-ovarial, trans-ovarian, trans-placental, trans-pyloric. See also transapical, -frontal, -ocular, -uterine.1956Nature 18 Feb. 330/2 Although transabdominal puncture of the uterus has been carried out often for therapeutic and experimental reasons without accidents, mere curiosity does not justify the procedure.1957Laryngoscope LXVII. 566 The degree of orbital tension present in the severe forms of exophthalmos is correlated with the degree of recession obtained by the transantral decompression.1974Nature 31 May 495/3 Transcapillary and transepithelial water transport.1963Lancet 19 Jan. 165/2 Transcervical fractures.1977Ibid. 7 May 983/1 We believe that local warming of the skin and of the capillary blood under the electrode increases Pco2; the trans⁓cutaneous Pco2 values are therefore higher than those found in arterial blood.1908Transduodenal [see retro-duodenal s.v. retro- 3. b.].1975H. J. Burhenne in Najarian & Delaney Surg. Liver, Pancreas & Biliary Tract 104 Percutaneous cholangiography will probably be supplanted by transduodenal cannulization.1974Transepithelial [see transcapillary above].1964J. C. Catford in D. Abercombie et al. Daniel Jones 31 The trans-glottal air-jets of voice superimpose a periodic fluctuation on the mean air pressure behind the articulatory stricture, resulting in..hiss.1970Language XLVI. 313 The human..larynx is so constructed that the fundamental frequency of phonation is a function of both the transglottal air pressure drop and the tensions of the laryngeal muscles.1962Science Survey III. 329 Occasionally the cracks are transcrystalline (trans-granular).1946E. A. Steinhaus Insect Microbiol. viii. 439 Transovarial transmission of the virus takes place by the viruses penetrating the walls of the ovary and thence entering the developing ovum.1971P. C. C. Garnham Progr. Parasitol. iii. 34 The tick..may carry over into subsequent generations by transovarial passage.1954Jrnl. Infectious Dis. XCV. 178/2 The distribution of antibodies in different small age groups of wild birds is further evidence of the transovarian passage of neutralizing antibodies.1980Nature 7 Feb. 568/2 Another event occurring during oogenesis is trans-ovarian transmission of symbiotic bacteroids..from females to the oocytes.1902Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 May 1198/1 Alterations in the transplacental interchanges.1977Lancet 9 Apr. 795/1 The transplacental leak of fetal red blood-cells.1905C. Addison Ellis's Demonstrations of Anat. (ed. 12) vi. 298 This plane, from its traversing the pyloric end of the stomach, is called the transpyloric.1977Lancet 28 May 1157/2 The gastric distension..can be relieved by passing an open-ended nasogastric tube, and adequate nutrition maintained by intravenous or continuous transpyloric feeding.b. In derived advbs.: transabdominally, trans-duodenally, trans-ovarially, trans-placentally.1962Lancet 8 Dec. 1208/2 A needle passed transabdominally into the liver.1955Radiology LXIV. 325 When the sphincter of Oddi is sectioned transduodenally, a plastic tube can be inserted into the main pancreatic duct.1954Jrnl. Infectious Dis. XCV. 168/1 Neutralizing antibodies to western equine encephalitis (WEE) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses may be transmitted transovarially.1979Amer. Jrnl. Trop. Med. & Hygiene XXVIII. 1064 Spores developing in transovarially infected mosquitoes.1965Dorland's Med. Dict. (ed. 24) s.v. Listeria, A septicemic disease which may be transmitted transplacentally in pregnant women.6. in substantives with the sense ‘transverse’, as trans-muscle, trans-stroke. (rare.)7. a. in geographical adjs., formed on the names of rivers, seas, mountains, territories, etc., with the sense ‘situated or lying beyond or on the other side of’, as trans-Adriatic, trans-Alleghanian, trans-Alleghany, trans-Altaian, trans-Baikal, -ian, trans-Cantine (the river Cam), trans-Caspian, trans-Caucasian, trans-Danubian, trans-Egyptian, trans-Euphrat-es (-esian, -ic), trans-Gangetic (Ganges), trans-Grampian, trans-Indus, trans-Indine, trans-Jordan, -ic, trans-Juran (Mt. Jura), trans-Mersey, trans-Mississippi, -an, trans-Mosan (R. Meuse), trans-Pyrenean, trans-Severn, trans-Tiberine (also trans-Teverine, It. trasteverino), trans-Trentane (R. Trent), trans-Ural, trans-Volga, trans-Zambesian, etc. Also from names of planets, Trans-Martian, trans-Neptunian, trans-Uranian, and in humorous nonce-use, as trans-bedpost. (See also transatlantic, trans-Pacific, Transkei, transleithan.)1612Drayton Poly-olb. viii. 420 The Clees, like louing Twinnes,..that stand Trans-Seuerned, behold fair England tow'rds the rise.a1641Bp. R. Montagu Acts & Mon. (1642) 144 Satrapaes of the Transeuphratesian Countreyes.1655Fuller Hist. Camb. (1840) 146 Monks' College..stood on the trans-Cantine side, an anchoret in itself, severed by the river from the rest of the University.1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters II. 113 The transmosan territories of Liege.1797Camb. Univ. Calendar 18 That there cannot be a majority of transtrentane, or men born north of the Trent in the seniority.1802Ranken Hist. France III. i. iii. 30 Burgundy Transjurane..now fell under the superiority of Germany.1814Deb. Congress U.S. 14 Feb. 1422 Even then the trans-Alleganean wilderness was rustling with the preparation of the savage.1815J. Adams Wks. (1856) X. 168 Our trans-Alleghanian States, in patriotism,..are at least equal to any in the Union.1817Colebrooke in Trans. Linn. Soc. XII. 352 Between the cis-gangetic and trans-gangetic regions.1825C. D. Colden Mem. 93 Why should the trans-Allegany States have remained united with those on the Atlantic?1827G. S. Faber Sacr. Calend. Prophecy (1844) II. 81 The transdanubian and transeuphratic conquests of Trajan.1831A. Wilson Amer. Ornithology IV. 31 In the trans-Mississippian territories of the United States, the burrowing owl resides.1836F. Mahony Rel. Father Prout, Barry (1859) 503 Of an old transtiberine family, he claimed with the trasteverini unconditionated pedigree.1840Milman Hist. Chr. I. 177 On the remote border of his transjordanic territory.1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. II. 445 The generals now, under the eyes of the pope, demanded..as security for payment, the Transteverine city.1854Milman Lat. Chr. iv. ix. (1864) II. 424 Leo revenged himself by severing the Transadriatic provinces..from the Roman patriarchate.1861J. G. Sheppard Fall Rome i. 22 Pannonia was nearly equivalent to trans-Danubian Hungary.1875Harper's Mag. Mar. 572/2 The subdivision..into the Trans-Alleghany, Valley, Middle, and Tide-water districts.1876Blackie Lang. & Lit. Scott. Highl. 40 The quick sensibilities of trans-Grampian philologers.1878Gladstone Prim. Homer i. §12. 15 Homer..gives an account of the trans-Egyptian Pygmæans.1888Times 9 Oct. 4/1 These outsiders..will also have to settle peacefully in the Russian Transcaspian.1898Westm. Gaz. 14 Feb. 2/1 Glimpses of the Jordan valley and the trans-Jordan hills.1900Mary C. Wilson Irene Petrie xiii. 305 A Campaign in trans-Himalayan lands.1903Sir H. H. Johnston in Times 17 Feb., A Government Department..dealing with foreign (i.e., trans-Zambesian) labour.1934A. Toynbee Study of Hist. II. 203 Musa had completed the Arab conquest..by occupying the Trans-pyrenaean province of Septimania along the Gallic coast between the Pyrenees and the Rhône.1852R. Grant Hist. Physic. Astron. xii. 166 M. Valz, of Marseilles, writing to M. Arago in 1835,..made the following..remarks relative to the probable existence of a Trans-Uranian planet.Ibid. 185 On the 2nd September, 1846, he [Mr. Adams] transmitted..an account of his further researches on the Trans-Uranian planet.1879Nature 27 Mar. 481/2 The Trans-Neptunian Planet..Observations made at Washington in 1850 of this supposed planet.1885Clerke Pop. Hist. Astron. 98 He [Olbers] supposed that both Ceres and Pallas were fragments of a primitive trans-Martian planet.1864Miss Cornwallis in Sat. Rev. XVIII. 463 Pray tell me about the trans-bedpost regions; my whole concern at present is the cis-bedpost—a very narrow domain.b. in substantives with the sense ‘the region beyond’ or ‘one dwelling beyond or on the other side of’, as trans-Alleghanian, trans-Mississippi, trans-Mississippian.1774J. Adams Dairy 23 Oct. in Wks. (1850) II. 401, I went to the Baptist Church and heard a trans-Alleghanian, a preacher from the back parts of Virginia.1883Century Mag. Nov. 142/1 If the President was to attempt to reach the Trans-Mississippi at all,..he should move on at once.1898Ibid. Oct. 844/2 The trans-Mississippians have entered upon no line of rural industry with a more intelligent determination to make it a great success than upon dairying.1949Beebe & Clegg U.S. West 10 Anyone approaching the matière of the trans-Mississippi in the nineteenth century as an exploiter of new material is either deluded or an imposter.8. in geographical adjs., formed as in 7, with the sense ‘passing across, crossing’, as in trans-African, trans-Algerian, trans-American, trans-Andean (-ian, -ine), trans-Antarctic, trans-Arabian, trans-Asiatic, trans-Australian, trans-Balkan, trans-Canada, trans-Manchurian, trans-Mersey, trans-Mongolian, trans-Pyrenean, trans-Saharan, trans-Siberian, trans-Sierran, trans-Tasman, etc. Many of these occur also in sense 7.1846R. Ford Gatherings from Spain iv. 31 Newfangled transpyrenean reforms, innovations, and botherations.1880Nature 4 Mar. 424/2 The future Transalgerian Railway Company.1884Notes on Bks. (Longman's) 31 May 247 The Transandine exploring and surveying expedition of 1871–2.1886L'pool Courier 16 Jan., Assisting in opening the trans-Mersey Railway.1888Times 20 Sept. 3/6 Denham, Clapperton, Barth, and other trans-Saharan travellers.1898Chambers' Jrnl. I. 543/2, 8000 feet above sea-level, the highest point to which the Trans-Andean railway had been carried.1901Daily Chron. 13 Nov. 3/3 The reported adoption..of the trans-American route for the conveyance of the Australian mails.1903Ibid. 17 Mar. 6/6 The project of a Trans-Pyrenean railway is thoroughly practicable.1907Westm. Gaz. 26 Oct. 16/3 This trans-African voyage of Mr. Savage Landor.1908Busy Man's Mag. Apr. 95 The Proposed Route of the Trans-Canada Rail⁓way.1908Edin. Rev. July 146 The trans-Niger railway, destined to..open up to commerce a magnificent agricultural region.1916R. K. Wood Tourist's N.W. 315 A campaign for the improvement and construction of roads which..shall in combination form a trans-Canada motor route.1933Geogr. Jrnl. LXXXII. 470 Mr. Lincoln Ellsworth..will then make the Transantarctic flight, which is the sole object of the expedition.1935E. B. Buckbee Saga of Old Tuolumne 385 The road survived until the State of California came to look with favour upon its possibilities as a tran-Sierran [sic] road.1938Times 17 Feb. 13/4 The flying-boat Centaurus showed her unsuitability for trans-Tasman traffic.1950Pacific Discovery Mar.–Apr. 4/1 Did you know that a trans-Sierran highway is now being built in Madera County?1963P. Drackett Motor Rallying iv. 62 The Trans-Canada and Canadian Winter Rallies have not yet reached the lofty eminence of the Safari.1965E. McCourt Road across Canada 199 The Trans-Canada Highway is an engineering, communications, and scenic marvel.1966N. Marsh Black Beech & Honeydew viii. 175 In..1928 the trans-Tasman steamer sailed..into Cook Strait.1978Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Aug. 957/4 Shackleton's unsuccessful transantarctic expedition.1978J. Updike Coup (1979) i. 4 The capital is Istiqlal, renamed in 1960, upon independence, and on prior maps called Cailliéville, in honor of the trans-Saharan traveller of 1828.9. a. Chem. (Also without hyphen as a quasi-adj. Usu. printed in italic.) Designating a compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on opposite sides of some plane passing through the molecule; hence (of a bond or a reaction), characterized by such a relationship.[1888: see cis- 3.]1892Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXII. 1213 The anhydride of the cis modification invariably melts at a lower temperature than that of the trans form.1937Nature 3 July 25/1 The trans form of ethylene bromide is considered to be the more ‘stable’ (preferred) form, even at high temperatures.1951C. R. Noller Chem. Carbon Compounds xvii. 316 It has been proved that cis-2-butene is the isomer boiling at 3·73° and trans-2-butene is that boiling at 0·96°.1956D. J. Cram in M. S. Newman Steric Effects in Org. Chem. vi. 306 The terms cis elimination will be used whenever the leaving groups depart from the same side of the incipient double bond, and trans elimination when they leave from the opposite side of the incipient double bond.1972R. A. Jackson Mechanism i. 7 Bromine adds across an olefinic double bond in a trans manner.1976Sci. Amer. Jan. 124/2 Nearly all peptide bonds are trans and planar, meaning that hydrogen and carbonyl oxygen (CO) are on opposite sides of the bond.b. transf. in Genetics, with reference to the location on different chromosomes of dominant alleles of two or more genes or cistrons.1941J. B. S. Haldane New Paths in Genetics i. 17 There are two geometrically isomeric types of rabbit (to use a chemical analogy) heterozygous for recessive white c and recessive yellowfat y... The trans-rabbit + y/c + is derived from the crossing of a white-fatted coloured rabbit and a yellow-fatted white.1957[see cistron].1973R. G. Krueger et al. Introd. Microbiol. xiii. 385/1 In the diploid the two mutants [sc. mutant genes] are said to be trans to one another because they are on different chromosomes.10. Biochem. and Biol. In ns. with the sense ‘transfer’, as transacetylase, -amination, -genosis, -methylation, -peptidation (see as main entries).11. Physics. In adjs. and ns. with the sense ‘having a higher atomic number than; beyond (in the periodic table)’.1952Chem. & Engin. News 21 Jan. 237/2 The trans⁓californium elements.1969Nature 26 Apr. 323/1 Dr Glen Seaborg..was able to proclaim that element 104 is the first of the ‘trans-actinide’ elements.1973Q. Jrnl. R. Astron. Soc. XIV. 121 The existence of transbismuth elements in nature.Pronunciation. In the pronunciation of trans- in combination, great diversity prevails locally and individually in cultivated speech. This diversity affects both the vowel a and the consonant s.Historically, the a is short |æ| as in man, banns, and it is so treated in nearly all pronouncing dictionaries. This pronunciation is retained in the north and west of England, in Scotland, in the United States, and by many speakers even in London and its surrounding area. But the general tendency in the London area to substitute for short |æ| before certain consonant groups (as in chance, branch, demand, chant, pass, fast, ask) the long vowel |ɑː| or something intermediate between |æ| and |ɑː|, also affects trans-, so as to make its prevalent pronunciation |trɑːns| in this area, and hence to extend this pronunciation among individuals or groups in other districts. When unstressed, this vowel sinks in some common words or in colloquial utterance to |ə|, e.g. in transfer vb. |trənsˈfɜː(r)|.The s of trans- is regularly |s| before a breath consonant, as in ˈtranscolate, transˈchange, ˈtransfer, transˈfer, tranˈspire; also, of course, where s coalesces with initial s of the second element, as in transcend, transcribe, transude. In the South of England many use |trɑːns-| in all trans- combinations, irrespective of what consonant or vowel follows. But many, even in the south, use |trɑːnz-| before a liquid, or nasal, or any voiced consonant, and before a vowel, and this is more or less recognized by recent orthoepists. This is specially the case with the word transact and its derivatives, where |trɑːnˈzækt| appears to be the more prevalent pronunciation. It is to be observed also that the ordinary English school pronunciation of Latin trans, as a preposition and in combination, is |trænz| riming with banns, plans, and that many classical scholars retain this pronunciation in English in combinations in which the identity of the prefix with Latin trans is specially obvious, as in trans-alpine, trans-danubian, trans-atlantic, trans-Pacific, trans-Jordan, trans-Caspian, trans-Siberian. In this work |trɑːns-, træns-| is given as the usual form (except in transact, etc.); but the alternative |-nz-| is given esp. for words where it has long been recognized (as in transduce, transgress, etc.), though in many other words this pronunciation is now also heard.For the diverse treatment of a and s in these combinations, cf. Walker, Smart, Ogilvie (Annandale), Cassell's ‘Encycl. Dict.’, Webster, ‘Century Dict.’, Funk's ‘Standard Dict.’, and esp. Schröer Neuenglisches Sprach-Aussprachwörterbuch, Heidelberg, 1913, and Michaelis and Jones A Phonetic Dictionary of the English Language, Berlin, London, etc. 1913, in which the subject is treated by skilled observers. ▸ trans-fat n. fat containing trans-fatty acids.1978Artery 4 360 The abdominal aorta of 7 out of 12 swine fed hydrogenated vegetable *trans fat had raised lesions.1994Runner's World Feb. 26/1 Our insatiable appetite for foods made with vegetable oil has pushed trans-fat intake to an all-time high.1998Esquire Mar. 136/3 The group that ate the most ‘trans’ fat faced the worst odds of all—a 53 percent greater risk than the group that ate the least.1999J. Elkington & J. Hailes New Foods Guide iii. 67 Evidence is emerging to suggest that trans fats may be even worse for your health than saturated fats because, in addition to raising ‘bad’ LDL cholesterol, they may lower ‘good’ HDL cholesterol. ▸ trans-fatty acid n. a trans (Affix 9a), as opposed to the naturally occurring cis, stereoisomer of a fatty acid, found esp. in partially hydrogenated margarines and other manufactured cooking fats, and thought to be a dietary risk for atherosclerosis.[1922Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 44 147 It is the universally obscure rule that the naturally occurring higher fatty acids of the oleic series are the trans forms.] [1924Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 43 208/1 It is customary to describe oleic acid as the trans-acid for reasons of which we must plead ignorance.]1953Arch. Biochem. & Biophysics 46 374 These specimens of summer butterfat were found by infrared examination to contain 9.5–9.7% of *trans fatty acids.1957Science 11 Oct. 698/3 The shortenings and margarines which include these hydrogenated oils have been reported to contain as much as 23 to 42 percent of trans fatty acids.1970Amer. Jrnl. Clin. Nutrition 23 1111 (heading) Incorporation of trans-fatty acids into tissue lipids.1992Med. Jrnl. Australia 4 May 156 Trans fatty acids may increase serum cholesterol levels and can be reckoned to be equivalent to saturated fatty acids.2001Jrnl. Nutrition131242 Consumption of a solid fat rich in lauric acid gives a more favorable serum lipoprotein pattern than consumption of partially hydrogenated soybean oil rich in trans-fatty acids.
trans-
word-forming element meaning "across, beyond, through, on the other side of, to go beyond," from Latin trans-, from trans (prep.) "across, over, beyond," perhaps originally present participle of a verb *trare-, meaning "to cross," from PIE *tra-, variant of root *tere- (2) "to cross over" (see through). In chemical use indicating "a compound in which two characteristic groups are situated on opposite sides of an axis of a molecule" [Flood].
trans- /trans, trɑ:ns, -nz; see note below/ prefix. In sense 2 also as attrib. adjective trans.
ORIGIN: Latin, from trans preposition ‘across, over’.
1.Used in words adopted from Latin and in English words modelled on these, and as a freely productive prefix, with the senses ‘across, beyond’, as transfer, transmarine, ‘on or to the other side of’ (opp. cis-), as transalpine, transatlantic, Transkei, ‘into another state or form’, as transform, transcribe, ‘surpassing, transcending’, as transfinite.
2.Chemistry. (Usu. italicized.) Designating compounds in which two atoms or groups are situated on opposite sides of a given plane in the molecule (opp. cis-). Also in Genetics, designating alleles at different loci, esp. on different chromosomes.
3.Biology & Chemistry. Used in words with the sense ‘of or pertaining to transfer’, as transamination, transgenic.
4.Physics & Chemistry. Used in words with the sense ‘lying beyond in the periodic table, having a higher number than’, as transuranic.
 NOTE  With some exceptions, the pronunc. with /s/ is more usual that that with /z/ before /f/, /k/, /l/, /p/, /s/, /ʃ/, /t/, /θ/, and unstressed vowels.
 DERIVATIVE transacetylase /-əˈsɛtɪleɪz/ noun (Biochemistry) an enzyme which catalyses the transfer of an acetyl group from one molecule to another M20.
transˈannular adjective (Chemistry) situated or occurring between non-adjacent atoms in a ring E20.
trans-bay adjective (US) that crosses a bay, spec. San Francisco Bay M20.
transboard verb trans. (rare) transfer (people, goods, etc.) from one ship to another; transship: E19.
trans-ˈborder adjective of, pertaining to, or situated on the further side of a border; that crosses a border: L19.
transˈboundary adjective that crosses a boundary or boundaries L20.
trans-ˈchannel adjective that crosses a channel, esp. the English Channel L19.
transˈcode verb trans. & intrans. convert from one form of coded representation or signalling to another M20.
†transcoloration noun the action or process of changing the colour of something or of causing something to change colour; an instance of this: M17–E19.
†transcolour verb trans. (rare) change the colour of; cause to change colour: M17–M19.
transconˈfessional adjective extending across religious denominations; interdenominational: L20.
transconforˈmation noun (Biochemistry) change in the conformation of a protein molecule M20.
transˈconjugant noun (Biology) a plasmid or a bacterial cell which has received genetic material by conjugation with another bacterium L20.
transˈcortical adjective (Anatomy & Medicine) transversing the cortex of the brain; pertaining to or designating nervous transmission, or lesion, involving (a cross-section of) the cerebral cortex: E20.
transcreˈate verb trans. (rare) create by or in the manner of transmission M19.
tranˈscribble verb trans. (rare) transcribe carelessly or hastily M18.
tranˈscribbler noun a careless or hasty transcriber M18.
transˈcrystalline adjective (of a fracture) passing through individual crystals of a metal rather than following grain boundaries E20.
transˈcultural adjective pertaining to or involving more than one culture; cross-cultural; transcultural psychiatry, the comparative study of mental illness in different cultures: M20.
transcultuˈration noun the state of being transcultural; acculturation: M20.
transˈcurrence noun (a)†rare a swift passage across, over, or through; (b) Geology the phenomenon of transcurrent faulting: M17.
transˈcurrent adjective (a)†rare passing swiftly across, over, or through; (b) Entomology (rare) extending or running transversely; (c) Geology designating or pertaining to a fault primarily due to horizontal displacement; esp. one of large dimensions and with a nearly vertical inclination: E17.
transcuˈtaneous adjective existing, applied, or measured across the depth of the skin M20.
transdenomiˈnational adjective = transconfessional L20.
transderiˈvational adjective (Linguistics) relating to or involving more than one derivation L20.
transˈdermal adjective (Medicine) occurring or applied through the skin; esp. (of a medicine) applied in an adhesive patch so as to be absorbed slowly into the body: L20.
transdetermiˈnation noun (Biology) alteration of the development of an imaginal disc during culture of Drosophila tissue so that it gives rise to a structure normally developed from a different disc M20.
transˈdialect verb trans. (rare) translate from one dialect into another L17.
transdiscipliˈnarity noun the condition of being transdisciplinary L20.
transdisciˈplinary adjective of or pertaining to more than one discipline or branch of learning; interdisciplinary: L20.
transearth adjective (Astronautics) of or pertaining to space travel or a trajectory towards the earth from the moon or another planet M20.
transˈelement verb trans. change or transmute the elements of (esp. the Eucharist) M16.
transˈelementate verb trans. transelement L16.
transelemenˈtation noun the action or process of transelementing something; an instance of this: M16.
transemˈpirical adjective (rare) pertaining to things beyond the range of experiential knowledge; metempirical: E20.
trans-equaˈtorial adjective that crosses the equator; situated on the further side of the equator: E20.
transeˈssentiate verb trans. (rare) change (a thing) from one essence or being into another L17.
transˈfashion verb trans. change the fashion of, transform E17.
trans-fat noun (Chemistry) = trans-fatty acid L20.
trans-fatty acid noun (Chemistry) any unsaturated fatty acid with a trans arrangement of atoms about its double bonds, such acids occurring in margarines and cooking oils as a side effect of manufacturing and being thought to increase the risk of coronary heart disease M20.
transfeminate /-ˈfɛmɪneɪt/ verb trans. (rare) change the sex of M17.
transˈfluvial adjective situated or living across or beyond a river E19.
trans-ˈfrontier adjective living, situated, or occurring beyond or across the frontiers of a country L19.
transˈglobal adjective that travels across or round the world M20.
transhiˈstorical adjective (having significance) that transcends the historical; universal, eternal: E20.
transhyˈdrogenase noun (Biochemistry) an enzyme which catalyses the transfer of hydrogen from one organic substrate to another M20.
transindiˈvidual adjective not confined to any particular thing or person, more than individual M20.
transˈinsular adjective (a) crossing or going across an island; (b) Anatomy (of a fissure of the brain) that traverses the insula: L19.
trans-ˈisthmian adjective crossing or extending across an isthmus, esp. the isthmus of Panama L19.
transketolase /-ˈki:təleɪz/ noun (Biochemistry) an enzyme which catalyses the transfer of a ketonic alcohol group, esp. that of the glycol aldehyde group during photosynthesis M20.
transˈlunar adjective (a) = translunary; (b) Astronautics of or pertaining to space travel or a trajectory (from the earth) towards the moon: E20.
transˈlunary adjective lying or originating beyond the moon (opp. sublunary); fig. beyond the earthly, visionary: E17.
transˈmake verb trans. [translating Greek metapoiein] (chiefly Theology) make into something different, refashion; transelement: M19.
transˈmarginal adjective beyond the margin of normal consciousness, subliminal E20.
transmaˈterial adjective (rare) beyond or transcending what is material E20.
transˈmembrane adjective (Biology) existing or occurring across a cell membrane M20.
transmethyˈlation noun (Chemistry) the transfer of a methyl group from a molecule of one compound to one of another M20.
transˈmortal adjective (chiefly poet.) beyond what is mortal, immortal M20.
transˈmundane adjective that is or lies beyond the world L18.
transˈmural adjective (a) situated beyond a wall or walls, esp. beyond (i.e. north of) a Roman boundary wall in northern Britain; (b) Medicine existing or occurring across the (entire) wall of an organ or blood vessel: M19.
transˈnational adjective & noun (a) adjective (having interests) extending beyond national bounds or frontiers; (b) noun a transnational company: E20.
transˈnationally adverb in a transnational manner E20.
transˈnatural adjective (a)†supernatural; (b) rare of transmuted nature: M16.
transˈnature verb trans. (long rare or obsolete) change the nature of M16.
transˈnormal adjective beyond or above what is normal M19.
transˈocean adjective = transoceanic 2 E20.
transˈocular adjective across the eye L19.
transoid adjective (Chemistry) designating a compound, group, or structure in which two like atoms or groups lie on opposite sides of a single bond or line of bonds M20.
transˈorbital adjective between the eye sockets M19.
trans-Paˈcific adjective (a) across or crossing the Pacific Ocean; (b) on the other side of the Pacific Ocean: L19.
tranˈspeciate verb trans. (now rare) change into (a different form or species); transform: M17.
transˈpeptidase noun (Biochemistry) an enzyme which catalyses transpeptidation M20.
transpeptidation /-pɛptʌɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun (Biochemistry) a reaction in which a peptide bond is broken and a new one formed with another molecule M20.
transˈpersonal adjective transcending the personal, transindividual; spec. designating a form of psychology or psychotherapy which seeks to explore transcendental experiences and states of consciousness that go beyond normal personal identity and desires: E20.
transpheˈnomenal adjective (Philosophy) transcending or beyond the phenomenal L19.
transphosphoryˈlation noun (Biochemistry) the transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule of one compound to one of another M20.
transpluˈtonium adjective (Chemistry) (of an element) having a higher atomic number than plutonium (i.e. 95 or over) M20.
transˈpolar adjective crossing the pole or polar region M19.
transpoˈlitical adjective transcending or crossing political boundaries L20.
transˈprose verb trans. (chiefly joc.) translate or turn into prose L17.
transproˈvincial adjective crossing a province E20.
transˈpulmonary adjective acting or operated through the lungs; transpulmonary pressure, the difference between the pressure in the lungs and that in the pleural cavity: E20.
transqualify verb trans. (rare) change in quality M17.
transˈracial adjective across or crossing racial boundaries L20.
transˈriverine adjective situated across a river, transfluvial E20.
trans-ˈshape verb trans. (arch.) alter the shape or form of L16.
trans-Siˈberian adjective & noun (a) adjective crossing Siberia; (b) noun the trans-Siberian railway or express: L19.
trans-ˈspecies adjective (Biology) trans-specific L20.
trans-specific adjective (Biology) (a) (of evolution) involving change from one species to another; (b) (of communication, fertilization, infection, etc.) passing or occurring between animals of different species: M20.
trans-ˈstellar adjective existing or situated beyond the stars L19.
trans-subˈjective adjective transcending or beyond subjective experience L19.
trans-syˈnaptic adjective (Physiology) involving transmission of a nerve impulse across a synapse M20.
transtage noun (Astronautics) a final stage of a multistage rocket that can be restarted in order to change the flight path or orbit M20.
transthoˈracic adjective (Medicine) occurring or performed through the wall of the thorax or across the thoracic cavity E20.
transuˈrethral adjective (Medicine) performed via the urethra M20.
transvaluˈation noun (an) alteration of values, (a) revaluation L19.
transˈvalue verb trans. alter the value of, re-value L19.
transˈvenom verb trans. (rare) transform into something poisonous M17.
transverˈbation noun (rare) verbal translation; translation word for word: L19.
trans-ˈworld adjective (travelling etc.) across the world, worldwide M20.
☞ trans
trans-
\(|)tran(t)s, -raan-, -nz sometimes chiefly Brit -rȧn-\ prefix
Etymology: Latin trans-, tra- across, beyond, to the other side, through, so as to change, from trans across, beyond, on or to the other side, through — more at through
1.
 a. : across
  < transpolar >
  < transatlantic >
  < transoceanic >
 b.
  (1) : beyond
   < transhuman >
   < transmundane >
  (2) : beyond (a specified chemical element) in the periodic table
   < transplutonium >
   < transuranic >
 c. : through
  < translucent >
  < transcutaneous >
 d. : completeness of change
  < transshape >
2. : transverse
 < transfrontal >
 < transprocess >
3. : having certain atoms or groups on opposite sides of the molecule
 < trans-dichloro-ethylene >
— opposed to cis- 3; compare all- 2b, anti- 7
4. : transfer : interchange — in names of chemical reactions and enzymes
 < transamination >

trans-

Prefix

  1. Across, through, over, beyond, to or on the other side of, outside of.
  2. chemistry A compound in which two atoms or groups are situated on opposite sides of some plane of symmetry passing through the compound. (Also used without the hyphen as an adjective; see trans.)
  3. Transgender or transsexual, or pertaining to those who are transgender or transsexual.

Etymology

From Latin trāns (“across, on the far side, beyond”).

Usage notes

  • In the first sense, "on the other side of", this prefix is usually attached directly to the word it modifies, or sometimes separated from it by a hyphen: transrhenane, trans-Neptunian.
  • In the gender-related sense, this prefix is attached directly to certain words, most notably transgender and transsexual. In other cases, the related standalone adjective trans is used: hence one speaks of issues facing the trans community and trans rights (not *transrights), etc. In particular, it is now sometimes considered offensive to write transman or trans-man, the preferred spelling being trans man (trans man). Compare cis- and cis.

    • Antonyms

  • cis-

    • Coordinate terms

  • dia-
  • epi-

    • Derived terms

    English words prefixed with trans-
  • transidiomatic
  • translocal
  • transseries

    • See also

  • trans

    • 前缀：trans-

    ① 表示“横过，越过”

    transcontinetal 横贯大陆的（trans+continental大陆的）

    transnormal 超出常规的（trans+noraml正常的）

    transcend 超越，胜过（trans+scend爬→爬过→超越）

    transgress 冒犯；违背（trans+gress走→横着走→冒犯）

    transmit 传送，传播（trans+mit送→横着送消息→传播）

    transparent 透明的（trans+par平等＋ent→横穿过去看得一样清楚→透明的）

    transect 横切，横断（trans+sect切→横切）

    ② 表示“变换，改变，转移”

    tranplant 移植（trans+plant种→转移过去→移植）

    transaction 交易；办理（trans+action行动→交换行动→交易）

    transcribe 抄写，转录（trans+scribe写→把写的东西移到〔另一张纸上〕→抄写）

    transfigure 改观；变形（trans+figure形状→改变形状）

    transfuse 输血；充满（trans+fuse流→〔血〕流过去→输血）

    transitory 短暂的（trans+it走＋ory→走过就变→输血）

    transmogrify 变得古怪，变形（trans+mogr怪形状＋ify→变成怪形状）

    前缀：trans-

    1、超过、横过、超

    transoceanic 横渡大洋的

    transpersonal 超越个人的

    transnational 超越国界的

    transcontinental 横贯大陆的

    transfrontier 在国境外的

    transpacific 横渡太平洋的

    transatlantic 横渡大西洋的

    transnormal 超出常规的

    transmarine 越海的

    2、转移、变换

    transform 使变形，改造

    transship 换船，转载于另一船

    transcode 译密码

    transposition 互换位置

    translocation 改变位置

    transplant 移植

    transmigrate 移居

    transport 运输
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    更新时间：2025/2/14 11:39:42