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词汇 ex-
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ex-
pref.（前缀）
  1. Outside; out of; away from:
    在…外面；向外；离开：
    exodontia.
    拔牙术
  2. Not; without:
    不；无：
    excaudate.
    无尾的
  3. Former:
    以前的，前任的：
    ex-president.
    前任总统

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old French
    源自 古法语
  3. from Latin * see eghs
    源自 拉丁语 *参见 eghs

ex-1

prefix

out of; outside of; from
⇒ exclosure
⇒ exurbia
former
⇒ ex-wife

Origin

from Latin, from ex (prep), identical in meaning and origin with Greek ex, ek; see ec-

ex-2

combining form

a variant of exo- ⇒ exergonic

ex-1

Word Origin
1
a prefix meaning “out of,” “from,” and hence “utterly,” “thoroughly,” and sometimes meaning “not” or “without” or indicating a former title, status, etc.; freely used as an English formative: exstipulate; exterritorial; ex-president (former president); ex-member; ex-wife.
Also, e-1, ef-.
Origin
< Latin, combining form of ex, ē (preposition) out (of), from, beyond

ex-2

1
variant of exo-.

ex-3

1
a prefix identical in meaning with ex- 1, occurring before vowels in words of Greek origin: exarch; exegesis.
Also, ec-.
Origin
< Gk combining form of ex, ek, out (of), from, beyond; see ec-, ex-1
ex-I.
a prefix meaning 'out of', 'from', and hence 'utterly', 'thoroughly', and sometimes serving to impart a privative or negative force or to indicate a former title, status, etc.; freely used as an English formative, as in expatriate, exterritorial, and especially in such combinations as ex-president (former president), ex-member, ex-wife; occurring before vowels and c, p, q, s, t.
See e-1, ef-, ec-. [Latin, combining form of ex, ē (preposition) out of, from, beyond, related to Greek ex, ek]
II.
variant of exo-.
III.
a prefix identical in meaning with ex-1, occurring before vowels in words of Greek origin, as in exarch, exegesis.
Also, ec-. [Greek, also before consonants ek- ec-; becoming ec- in Latin derivatives]
ex-
I
\\\\e also occurs in this prefix where only i is shown below (as in “express”) and ks sometimes occurs where only gz is shown (as in “exact”)\\\\ prefix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French, from Latin (also, prefix with perfective and causative value), from ex out of, from; akin to Greek ex, ex- out of, from Old Church Slavic iz
1. out of : outside
    exclave
2. not
    exstipulate
3. \\\\(ˌ)eks, ˈeks\\\\ [Middle English, from Late Latin, from Latin] : former
    ex-president

II

⇨ see exo-
ex-1
/eks/  
（亦作e-）
prefix
1.
out
表示“出”, “向外”：

exclude

excite.

2.
upward
表示“向上”：

extol.

3.
thoroughly
表示“完全”, “彻底”：

excruciate.

4.
denoting removal or release
表示“免除”, “释放”：

excommunicate

exculpate.

5.
forming verbs which denote inducement of a state
［构成动词］表示“激发”：

exasperate

6.
(forming nouns from titles of office, status, etc.) denoting a former state
［加在表示职务身份等的名词前］表示“以前的”, “前任的”：

ex-husband

ex-convict.

USAGEEx- is also found assimilated as ef- before f.
词源
from Latin ex 'out of'.
ex-2
/eks/  
prefix
out
表示“外出”, “离开”：

exodus

exorcism.

词源
from Greek ex 'out of'.
▪ I.ex- prefix1of Latin origin.I. repr. L. ex-, the prep. ex (see prec.) in combination.1. In Latin the form ex- appears before vowels and h; also before c, p (exc. in ēpotāre, ēpōtus), q, s, t; before f it becomes ef- (in inscriptions ec-: cf. Gr. ἐκ); before other consonants (exc. in exlex) it becomes ē. All these various forms are represented in many Eng. derivatives; e.g. ebullient, effervesce, extend. An s following the prefix was in mediæval spelling commonly omitted, and this practice has been adopted in English orthography, as in exert, extinct; in some scientific terms, however, the s has been retained in order to exhibit the composition more clearly, as in exsert to protrude (etymologically = exert), exsanguineous, exsiccate. The euphonic rules affecting the prefix in class. Lat. did not prevail in vulgar Lat., the universal form being ex-, represented in Romanic by es- (see es-). In OF. and in ME., words with the prefix es- were occasionally written with ex-, after the analogy of words adopted from Latin; a few of these refashioned forms remain in mod. Eng., as exchange, expound.When it has primary or secondary stress, the prefix is pronounced |ɛks|; in unstressed position this remains before a (written) cons., though in southern usage |ɪks| is commonly substituted; before a stressed vowel the pronunciation is usually |ɛgz|, becoming |ɪgz| in southern speech; this rule, however, has many exceptions, chiefly in rare words and in words affected by the analogy of cognates differently accented.2. The Lat. compounds of ex- chiefly belong to the following classes, all which are represented by English derivatives. 1. Verbs formed from other verbs; in some of these ex- has its primary force of ‘out’, ‘forth’, as in exclūdĕre, exīre (whence Eng. exclude, exit); in some it means ‘upward’, as in extollĕre (whence Eng. extol); in others it has the sense ‘thorougly’, as in excruciāre (whence Eng. excruciate). 2. Verbs formed from adjs., with general sense ‘to bring into a certain state’, as exacerbāre, exasperāre (whence Eng. exacerbate, exasperate). 3. Verbs formed from ns.; some of these are really formed on phrases in which ex governs the n., and have the senses to ‘to remove, expel, or relieve from (that which is denoted by the n.)’, as excūsāre, expatriāre, exonerāre (whence Eng. excuse, expatriate, exonerate); others have the sense ‘to deprive of (what is denoted by the n.)’, as excoriāre, excorticāre (whence Eng. excoriate, excorticate). 4. Adjs. formed from ns., with the general sense ‘deprived of something’, as exsanguis bloodless (whence Eng. exsanguineous); in imitation of these, many terms of mod. science have been formed in which ex- has the non-Latin sense ‘destitute of’, as exalbuminous, exstipulate; the form e- (see e- prefix3) has however more frequently been employed, even where Lat. euphony would require ex-, as in ecaudate.II. ex- (with hyphen) prefixed to Eng. words.3. Prefixed to titles of office or dignity, to form designations for persons who have formerly held the position in question. In more restricted sense these compounds denote the immediate predecessor (when still living) of the present holder of the position. After the analogy of these words, ex- is prefixed indiscriminately, with the sense expressed by ‘former’, ‘sometime’, ‘quondam’, to ns. designating persons with respect to their calling, station, character, or the like, as ex-wife.[On the analogy of forms of expression like ex exsule consul, ‘(that has become) a consul from an exile’, the phrases ex consule, ex magistro equitum, etc. were in the Latin of the empire added as titles to the names of men who had filled the offices of consul, master of the horse, etc. At a later period these phrases gave rise to the compounds exconsul, exmagister, in the same manner as the compounds proconsul, proprætor had been developed from the older pro consule, pro prætore. In med.Lat. this usage was greatly extended, such forms as ex-Augustus (‘ex-emperor’) being of frequent occurrence. Some words of this formation (e.g. ex-professor) passed in adapted forms into It. and Fr., and on the analogy of these ex- was prefixed to Romanic words. The Eng. use, imitated from Fr., seems to have first become common towards the end of the 18th c.]1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xiv. xlviii. (1495) 484 Ex⁓consul is he that leuyth the offyce of Consul.1683Cave Ecclesiastici, Athanasius 80 Sending the Ex-consular Dionysius to be a Witness of their Transactions.1793Burke Policy of Allies Wks. VII. 129 The ex-bishop of Autun.1796S. Perry Argus 20 Feb. 368 This ex-mayor was brought into Paris..and conducted..to the mayoralty.1805G. Ellis Let. 9 Jan. in Lockhart Scott, This is Frere—our ex-ambassador for Spain.1806Wolcott (P. Pindar) Tristia Wks. 1812 V. 238 The mad ex-courtiers cry Thou old black sheep.1815Wraxall Hist. Mem. II. 35 He eulogized Laurens, the American expresident, when a prisoner in the Tower.1819Edin. Rev. XXXII. 52 The anti-commercial system of the Ex-emperor..has..been adopted..by his..successors.1828H. Steuart Planter's G. 500, I shall beg leave, as a sort of Ex-professor of that art, to offer a few hints.1839Thirlwall Greece III. 19 This body, at once a council and a court of justice, was composed..of the ex-archons.1849Thackeray Pendennis xxxiv, An ex-beau about town.1859Lang Wand. India 192, I was now alone with the ex-Commander of the Seik Cavalry.1860L. V. Harcourt Diaries G. Rose II. 1 The ex-secretary for the Treasury.1875Poste Gaius ii. (ed. 2) 206 The remedy of the ex-proprietor of the accessory is an in factum actio.1876Gentl. Mag. XVII. 147 His ex-wife..is dragging out slow years.1884A. Forbes Chinese Gordon ii. 48 Some were ex-mates of merchant-ships.1891Daily News 16 Mar. 7/3 A husband or wife who has obtained a divorce has a right after it is granted to sue the ex-spouse for alimony.1962Oxford Mail 19 Feb. 6/5 His daughter is in his ex-wife's custody.b. When the designation to which ex- is prefixed is a phrase, the hyphened prefix has the appearance of being attached simply to the first word. Hence ex- occas. occurs in actual combination with an adj., with sense ‘formerly’. ex-service(s) adj., having formerly belonged to one of the fighting services; of or pertaining to former servicemen.1826Bentham in Westm. Rev. VI. 457 Ex-learned as I am, and, therefore, if ever, no longer learned—in the law in general, never learned at all.1834T. Medwin Angler in Wales II. 184, I have heard him more than once tell of his rencontre with an ex-flogging Secretary at War.1859Lang Wand. India 413 A score of ex-Thuggee officers.1887Charity Organ. Rev. June 254 One of our ex-boarded-out boys enlisted some three years ago.1887Pall Mall G. 21 Sept. 12/1 The 6,000,000 dols...is mainly made up of this ex-Russian capital.1890Ibid. 14 Jan 2/2 Such nonsense..is unworthy of an ex-Liberal ex-Lord Chancellor.1907Daily Chron. 5 Dec. 6/7 March of the unemployed ex-service men through the West-end of London to Hyde Park.1910Vanity Fair 13 Jan. 55/1 Employment for ex-Service men is always a pressing question.1940J. Betjeman Old Lights for New Chancels 25, I have my ex-Service man and Mamie's done a lino-cut.1941Times Weekly 23 Apr. 12/3 (Advt.), Please send your donation to..Ex-Services Welfare Society.1945Ann. Reg. 1944 156, Maori ex-servicemen and ex-servicewomen can participate fully in all benefits.c. From some of these combinations ns. have occas. been formed by the addition of suffixes.1793W. Taylor in Monthly Rev. XII. 82 Among the Prussian clergy, the alarm of ex-Jesuitism has nearly rendered orthodoxy disreputable.1865Morning Star 29 May, The rage of the priests and ex-dynastists at the spirit, splendour, and immense success of the solemnity.4. ex-party (nonce-wd.), the party of the ‘outs’.1809Syd. Smith in Edin. Rev. XIV. 44 He should recollect that his Methodists are the ex-party.▪ II.ex- prefix2of Greek origin. The Gr. ἐξ out of, etymologically = L. ex- (see prec.) occurs only before vowels, as in the words adopted into Eng. in the forms exanthema, exarch, exegesis, exodus, exorcize, etc. Before consonants it is replaced by the related and synonymous form ἐκ-, which becomes ec- in Latin, and hence in the Eng. derivatives, as ecbasis, eccentric, eclipse, ecstasy, etc.
ex-
word-forming element, in English meaning usually "out of, from," but also "upwards, completely, deprive of, without," and "former;" from Latin ex "out of, from within," from PIE *eghs "out" (cognates: Gaulish ex-, Old Irish ess-, Old Church Slavonic izu, Russian iz). In some cases also from Greek cognate ex, ek. PIE *eghs had comparative form *eks-tero and superlative *eks-t(e)r-emo-. Often reduced to e- before -b-, -d-, -g-, consonantal -i-, -l-, -m-, -n-, -v- (as in elude, emerge, evaporate, etc.).
ex-

out of, away from, lacking, former:
exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion, ex-mayor
☞ exo-, ex-
1. prefix1 | 2. prefix2
 1 
ex- /ɛks, ɪks, igz/ prefix1.
ORIGIN: Latin, formed as ex preposition Used before vowels, c, f, h, p, q, s, t: cf. e-, ef-.
1.In verbs from Latin (directly or through Old & mod. French) with the senses ‘out’, as exclude, ‘upward’, as extol, ‘thoroughly’, as excruciate, ‘bring into a state’, as exasperate, ‘remove, expel, relieve of’, as expatriate, exonerate, excoriate. Also in words (ult.) derived from such verbs, as exasperation, exclusive, excrescence, extension. Occas. forming nouns directly from English nouns, as exclosure, exflagellation, exsolution.
2.Occas. (e- preferred) forming adjectives with the sense ‘not having, deprived of’, as exalbuminous.
3.As a freely productive prefix forming nouns from titles of office, status, etc., with the sense ‘former(ly)’, as ex-convict, ex-husband, ex-president, ex-Prime Minister, ex-serviceman, ex-servicewoman.
 2 
ex- /ɛks/ prefix2.Repr. Greek ex- out (of), as exodus, exorcism. Occas. intensive, as exomologesis.
☞ ex
ex-
I. \variants not shown in the pronunciations of “ex-” words below are ə or ē for the “e” when the prefix is unstressed and especially when a stressed syllable immediately precedes without pause, and ks for the “x” in words in which only gz is shown, as “exact”\ prefix
or ef-
Etymology: Middle English, from Old French & Latin; Old French, from Latin (also, perfective and intensive prefix), from ex out of, from; akin to Greek ex out of, from, Old Irish ess-, Old Slavic iz, izŭ, is
1. : out of : away from : outside of
 < excircle >
 < exclave >
2. : without : lacking
 < exalate >
 < exalbuminous >
3. \(|)eks\ [Middle English ex-, from Late Latin, from Latin] : out of (the office or condition named by the main word) : former : sometime — usually joined to second element by a hyphen
 < ex-president >
 < ex-convict >
— often with phrases
 < ex-child actor >
 < ex-man-about-town >
— usually ef- in senses 1 & 2 before f
 < efform >
 < effuse >
— always ex- in sense 3
II.
— see exo-

ex-
  • ef- (before f), e.g. effective
  • ec- (before c), e.g. eccentric
  • e-, e.g. egregious

    • Prefix

    1. out of
      extract, expel, except, expression, exclusion
    2. outside
      exterior, ex-directory
    3. former, but still living (almost always used with a hyphen)
      ex-husband, ex-president, ex-wife
    4. biology Lacking.
      excaudate, exstipulate

    Etymology

    From Middle English from words borrowed from Middle French; from Latin ex (“out of, from”), from Proto-Indo-European *eǵ-, *eǵs- (“out”), *eǵʰs. Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐξ (eks, “out of, from”), Transalpine Gaulish ex- (“out”), Old Irish ess- (“out”), Old Church Slavonic изу (izu, “out”), Russian из (iz, “from, out of”).

    Usage notes

  • Sometimes the x in ex- is elided before certain constants, being reduced to e- (as, e.g., in ejaculate).

    • Derived terms

  • ex-con
  • ex-directory
  • ex-girlfriend
  • ex-husband
  • exsert protrude
  • ex-wife

    • See also

    English words prefixed with ex-


    See also

  • e-
  • ex
  • exo-
  • extra-

    • 前缀：ex-

    ① 表示"出，出去"

    exclude 排外（ex+clude关闭→关出去→排外）

    expel 赶出，逐出（ex+pel推→推出去→逐出）

    expose 暴露（ex+plse放→放出去→暴露）

    exalt 使升高（ex+alt高→高出来→升高）

    extract 抽出，拔出（ex+tract拉→拉出→拔出）

    excise 切除(ex+cise切→切出→切除)

    exceed 超过，超出（ex+ceed走→走出→超出）

    exhale 呼气（ex+hale气→出气→呼气）

    exhume 掘出，挖出（ex+hume土→出土→挖出）

    expurgate 净化；删去（ex+purg冲洗＋ate→冲洗出来→净化）

    ② 表示"前面的，前任的"

    ex-wife 前妻（ex前+wife妻子）

    ex-president 前任总统（ex前+president总统）

    前缀：ex-

    1、出、外、由…中弄出

    export 出口，输出

    exclude 排外，排斥

    expose 展出，揭露

    excavate 挖出，发掘

    exit 出口

    exhume 掘出

    extract 抽出，拨出

    expel 赶出，逐出

    2、前任的，以前的

    ex-president 前任总统

    ex-Nazis 前纳粹分子

    ex-mayor 前任市长

    ex-chancellor 前任大学校长

    ex-premier 前任总理

    ex-soldier 退伍军人

    ex-wife 前妻

    ex-husband 前夫

    3、表示“使…”、“做…”、或作加强意义

    expurgate 使清洁

    exalt 使升高，增高

    excruciate 施刑，使苦恼

    exaggerate 夸大

    exo- 外、外部

    exobiology 外太空生物学

    exogamy 外族通婚

    exoskeleton 外骨胳

    exosphere 外大气层
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    更新时间：2025/1/10 9:08:13