请输入您要查询的词汇：

　

词汇 -ful
词根词缀
AHD
Collins
Dictionary.com
Macquarie
MWCD
NewOxfordEC
OED
Online Etymology Dictionary
Prefixsuffix.com
SOED
WBD
Webster
Wiktionary
YoudictWordRoots
-ful
suff.（后缀）
  1. Full of:
    充满…的：
    playful.
    爱玩耍的
    1. Characterized by; resembling:
      有…特性的；相象的：
      masterful.
      有主人架子的
    2. Tending, given, or able to:
      有…倾向的、显出…的或能…的：
      useful.
      有用的
  3. A quantity that fills:
    充满…所需数量的：
    armful.
    一抱之量

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old English
    源自 古英语
  3. from full [full] * see full 1
    源自 full [充满的] *参见 full1

用法
  1. The plurals of nouns ending in-ful are usually formed by adding the letter s to the end of the suffix:
    以-ful 结尾的名词的复数形式通常在后缀末尾处加 s ：
    cupfuls;
    多个满杯；
    glassfuls;
    多个满玻璃杯；
    spoonfuls.
    多个满匙
-ful

suffix

(forming adjectives) full of or characterized by
⇒ painful
⇒ spiteful
⇒ restful
(forming adjectives) able or tending to
⇒ helpful
⇒ useful
(forming nouns) indicating as much as will fill the thing specified
⇒ mouthful
⇒ spoonful
Where the amount held by a spoon, etc, is used as a rough unit of measurement, the correct form is spoonful, etc: take a spoonful of this medicine every day. Spoon full is used in a sentence such as he held out a spoon full of dark liquid, where full of describes the spoon. A plural form such as spoonfuls is preferred by many speakers and writers to spoonsful

Origin

Old English -ful, -full, from full1

-ful

Word Origin
1
a suffix meaning “full of,” “characterized by” (shameful; beautiful; careful; thoughtful); “tending to,” “able to” (wakeful; harmful); “as much as will fill” (spoonful).
Origin
Middle English, Old English -full, -ful, representing full, ful full1
Usage note
The plurals of nouns ending in -ful are usually formed by adding -s to the suffix: two cupfuls; two scant teaspoonfuls. Perhaps influenced by the phrase in which a noun is followed by the adjective full (both arms full of packages), some speakers and writers pluralize such nouns by adding -s before the suffix: two cupsful.

Related Words

  • impactful
  • armful
  • bagful
  • barrelful
  • basketful
  • boxful
-fula suffix meaning:
1. full of or characterised by: ◆ shameful, beautiful, careful, thoughtful.
2. tending or able to: ◆ wakeful, harmful.
3. as much as will fill: ◆ spoonful, handful.
[Middle English and Old English -full, -ful, representing full, ful full1]
-ful
I
adjective suffix
(sometimes -ful·ler sometimes -ful·lest)
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Old English, from full, adjective
1. full of
    prideful
2. characterized by
    peaceful
3. having the qualities of
    masterful
4. tending, given, or liable to
    helpful

II
noun suffix
: number or quantity that fills or would fill
    roomful
-ful
/fʊl/  
suffix
1.
(forming adjectives from nouns) full of
［从名词构成形容词］表示“充满…的”：

sorrowful.

■  having the qualities of
表示“有…特征的”：

masterful.

2.
forming adjectives from adjectives or from Latin stems with little change of sense
［从形容词或拉丁词干构成形容词, 词意基本不变］：

grateful.

3.
(forming adjectives from verbs) apt to; able to; accustomed to
［从动词构成形容词］表示“易于…的”; “能…的”; “习惯于…的”：

forgetful

watchful.

4.
(pl. -fuls) forming nouns denoting the amount needed to fill the specified container, holder, etc.
［构成名词］表示“充满（某特定容器或支架等）所需的量”：

bucketful

handful.

词源
from FULL.
-ful, suffixoriginally identical with full a.1. Forming adjs. In OE. the adj. full, like its equivalent in the other Teut. langs., was used in composition with a preceding n., forming adjs., the etymological sense of which (= ‘full of{ddd}’) is usually somewhat weakened, so that the words may be rendered ‘having’, ‘characterized by’ (the attribute denoted by the n.); the meaning of the suffix thus differs little from that of L. -ōsus, -ous. In ME. and in mod.E. many new formations of this type have arisen, some of them from Romanic ns., as beautiful, graceful; and the suffix is still to some extent productive. In the 14th c. a few new forms arose in which the suffix had the force of ‘possessing the qualities of’; e.g. masterful, manful. In OE. -full was not ordinarily appended to adjs.; an instance occurs in deorcfull, darkful, used to render L. tenebrosus, and prob. formed in imitation of it. In the 16th and 17th c. a few new words appear f. adjs. or L. adj. stems + -ful, e.g. direful, grateful, tristful, fierceful; prob. these were due to the analogy of older synonyms having this suffix, though it is possible that they may have been in part suggested by It. words like gratevole (gradevole), the ending of which has an accidental resemblance to the Eng. suffix. As the ns. to which -ful is appended are often nouns of action or state coincident in form with the stems of related vbs., it happens frequently that a word really f. a n. + -ful is associated in ordinary apprehension rather with the vb. than the n. (For this there are sometimes special causes; e.g. the n. thank being obsolete in the sing. while thank vb. is current, the adj. thankful is naturally viewed as a derivative of the latter.) Hence in mod.Eng. adjs. in -ful are sometimes formed directly on verb-stems, the sense of the suffix being ‘apt to’, ‘able or accustomed to’, as in assistful, distractful, crossful, mournful; an example of a passive sense (= -able) occurs in bashful.2. Forming ns. In the Teut. langs. the form of expression in which a n. denoting a receptacle is followed by the adj. full in concord with it and governing a genitive (e.g. ‘a hand full of corn’) was used, not only in its proper sense, but in the transferred sense of ‘the quantity that fills or would fill’ (the receptacle): see full a. 1 b. The ambiguity thus arising is partly obviated by a differentiation of form; the n. and adj. are treated as independent words when they retain their proper sense, but as forming a compound when the sense is transferred. This differentiation has not been carried out to an equal extent in the various langs. In Ger., handvoll ‘handful’, mundvoll ‘mouthful’ are written as single words, but this makes no real difference in their syntactical value; the gender of the quasi-compound is determined by that of its first element, and there is no inflexion. In OE. the development had proceeded a step further in the case of handfull, which, although retaining the fem. gender of hand, was so completely one word as to be declinable (accus. -fulle, pl. -fulla, after the prevailing declension of feminines); in the 14th c. the pl. was handfullis. No other compound of this class is found in OE.; commonly the notion was expressed in the original Teut. manner by the adj. full in concord with the n. This continued also in ME.; but owing to the practice of using the sing. of a noun of quantity instead of the pl. after a numeral, there is seldom any evidence to show whether the ME. antecedent of a word like dishful is to be regarded as a syntactical combination or as a single word. In mod.Eng. -ful has become a suffix forming derivatives with the general sense ‘quantity that fills or would fill’ (something), and may be attached at pleasure to any n. denoting an object that can be regarded as holding or containing a more or less definite quantity of anything; thus we have not only bottleful, boxful, canful, spoonful, etc., but bookful, churchful, houseful, worldful, etc. The plural forms spoonsful, cupsful, etc., which are still sometimes heard, represent either a survival of, or (much more probably) a return to, the older grammatical view; but though they have thus some appearance of historical justification, they are contrary to good modern usage, and are objectionable on account of their ambiguity.The ON. -fyllr (handfyllr handful, munnfyllr mouthful, etc.) is not identical with the Eng. suffix, but is the n. fyllr fem. = fill n.1, and the compounds are therefore all fem., whatever the gender of the first element.
-ful
word-forming element attached to nouns (and in modern English to verb stems) and meaning "full of, having, characterized by," also "amount or volume contained" (handful, bellyful); from Old English -full, -ful, which is full, adj. become a suffix by being coalesced with a preceding noun, but originally a separate word. Cognate with German -voll, Old Norse -fullr, Danish -fuld. Most English -ful adjectives at one time or another had both passive ("full of x") and active ("causing x; full of occasion for x") senses.
It is rare in Old English and Middle English, where full was much more commonly attached at the head of a word (for example Old English fulbrecan "to violate," fulslean "to kill outright," fulripod "mature;" Middle English had ful-comen "attain (a state), realize (a truth)," ful-lasting "durability," ful-thriven "complete, perfect," etc.).
-ful

1. [Adjective] having, giving, marked by:
fanciful
2. [Noun] an amount or quanity that fills:
mouthful
-ful /fʊl, f(ə)l/ suffix.
ORIGIN: from full adjective.
1.Forming adjectives. Orig. used in composition with a preceding noun to form adjectives with the sense ‘full of or having,’ as beautiful, graceful, or, in the 14th cent., with the sense ‘having the qualities of’ as masterful, powerful. Later, in the 16th and 17th cents., forming adjectives from adjectives or Latin adjective stems with little change of meaning, as direful, grateful (perh. by analogy with older synonyms in -ful). In mod. English forming adjectives from verb stems with the sense ‘apt to, able to, accustomed to,’ as forgetful, mournful, or occas. with passive force, as bashful.
2.Forming nouns (pl. -fuls, occas. -sful) with the sense ‘the amount that fills or would fill (a receptacle),’ as handful, mouthful, spoonful.
☞ ful
-ful
I. \_fəl sometimes (ˌ)fu̇l esp when an unstressed vowel precedes\ adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English, from full, adjective
1. : full of
 < eventful >
2. : characterized by : -ous
 < peaceful >
 < boastful >
3. : having the qualities of : resembling
 < masterful >
4. : -able
 < bashful >
 < mournful >
II. noun suffix
also -full \ˌfu̇l\
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -ful, from Old English -ful, -full, from full, adjective
: number or quantity that fills or would fill
 < cupful >
 < roomful >
 < bellyful >
— sometimes after plural nouns
 < bagsful >

-ful

⠰⠇

  • enPR: fo͝ol, fəl, IPA: /fʊl/, /fəl/
  • Rhymes: -ʊl, -əl

    • Suffix

    1. Used to form adjectives from nouns. An adjective derived by this suffix implies a thorough and certain possession of the quality of that noun, not a metaphorical fullness with it by degree or quantity. One who is wakeful is fully awake, not frequently waking; what is changeful is uncertain, not transformed; what is harmful may do a single and a mild injury.
    2. Used to form nouns from nouns meaning “as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun”
      bowlful
      handful

    Etymology

    From Middle English -ful, -full, from Old English -ful, -full (“full of; -ful”), from Proto-Germanic *-fullaz (“-ful”), from Proto-Germanic *fullaz (“full”), see full. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ful (“-ful”), West Frisian -fol (“-ful”), Dutch -vol (“-ful”), German -voll (“-ful”), Swedish -full (“-ful”), Icelandic -fullur, -fyllur (“-ful”).

    Antonyms

  • -less

    • Derived terms

    having the quality of the noun
  • awful
  • beautiful
  • bountiful
  • careful
  • doubtful
  • fearful
  • frightful
  • gleeful
  • graceful
  • grateful
  • harmful
  • helpful
  • hopeful
  • hurtful
  • mindful
  • molestful
  • mournful
  • needful
  • painful
  • plentiful
  • scornful
  • spiteful
  • tasteful
  • thankful
  • thoughtful
  • useful
  • vengeful
  • wonderful
    • as much as can be held by what is denoted by the noun
  • bowlful
  • boxful
  • cuntful
  • drawful
  • glassful
  • handful
  • nationful
  • nostrilful
  • plateful
  • pussyful
  • mouthful
  • shelfful

    • 后缀：-ful ①[名词后缀]

    加在名词之后，表示充满时的量

    handful 一把，一把的量

    spoonful 一匙的量

    houseful 满屋，一屋子

    armful 一抱

    bagful 一满袋

    drawerful 一抽屉

    cupful 一满杯

    mouthful 一口

    dishful 一喋的量

    boatful 一船所载的量

    boxful 一满箱，一满盒

    bellyful 一满腹

    ②[形容词后缀]

    表示富有...的，充满...的，具有...性质的，易于...的，可...的

    useful 有用的

    fruitful 有结果的

    hopeful 富有希望的

    dreamful 多梦的

    peaceful 和平的

    powerful 有力的

    sorrowful 悲哀的

    changeful 多变化的

    shameful 可耻的

    fearful 可怕的

    forgetful 易忘的

    truthful 真实的

    skillful 熟练的

    doubtful 可疑的

    careful 小心的

    cheerful 快乐的
    随便看

    　

    英语词根词缀词典收录了54763条英语词根词缀词条，基本涵盖了全部常用英语词汇的词根、词缀及词根记忆法解析，是记忆英语词汇的必备工具。

    　

    Copyright © 2000-2024 Newdu.com.com All Rights Reserved
    更新时间：2025/3/14 12:08:32