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词汇 a-
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a- 1或 an-
pref.（前缀）
  1. Without; not:
    无；没有：
    amoral.
    无道德的

语源
  1. Greek * see ne
    希腊语 *参见 ne
a- 2
pref.（前缀）
  1. On; in:
    在…之上；在…之中：
    abed.
    在床上
  2. In the act of:
    在…的行动中：
    aborning.
    在诞生之时
  3. In the direction of:
    在…的方向：
    astern.
    在船的尾部
  4. In a specified state or condition:
    在某一特定的状态或情况：
    abuzz.
    嘈杂的

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old English
    源自 古英语
  3. from an [on] * see on
    源自 an [在…上] *参见 on

a-1 or (before a vowel) an-

prefix

not; without; opposite to
⇒ atonal
⇒ asocial

Origin

from Greek a-, an- not, without

a-2

prefix

on; in; towards
⇒ afoot
⇒ abed
⇒ aground
⇒ aback
literary. or archaic. (used before a present participle) in the act or process of
⇒ come a-running
⇒ go a-hunting
in the condition or state of
⇒ afloat
⇒ alive
⇒ asleep

an- or (before a consonant) a-

prefix

not; without
⇒ anaphrodisiac

Origin

from Greek

Example Sentences

When Nancy answered it, a- man's deep voice said, `Is Mrs Wabash still there?

Keene, Carolyn The Secret of the Forgotten City

It's a- Meg, it's some kind of animal, but all that's left is its skeleton.

Hodgman, Ann My Babysitter has Fangs

But I really can't believe I saw a- " I baulked at the word again.

Howatch, Susan Absolute Truths
a-
1
in native (derived from Old English) words, it most commonly represents Old English an "on" (see a(2)), as in alive, asleep, abroad, afoot, etc., forming adjectives and adverbs from nouns; but it also can be Middle English of, as in anew, abreast (1590s); or a reduced form of Old English past participle prefix ge-, as in aware; or the Old English intensive a-, as in arise, awake, ashame, marking a verb as momentary, a single event. In words from Romanic languages, often it represents Latin ad- "to, at."
[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic, or even archaic, and wholly otiose. [OED]
2
prefix meaning "not," from Latin a-, short for ab "away from" (as in avert); see ab-.
3
prefix meaning "not," from Greek a-, an- "not," from PIE root *ne "not" (see un-).
☞ a-, an-
1. prefix1 | 2. prefix2 | 3. prefix3 | 4. prefix4 | 5. prefix5 | 6. prefix6 | 7. prefix7 | 8. prefix8 | 9. prefix9 | 10. prefix10 | 11. prefix11
 1 
a- /ə/ prefix1 (not productive).Old English ā-, orig. ar-, away, on, up, out, chiefly forming verbs, as abide, arise. Sometimes conf. with a-5.
 2 
a- /ə/ prefix2. OE.
ORIGIN: Proclitic var.
= a preposition1.
 3 
a- /ə/ prefix3 (not productive). OE.Reduced form of Old English of off, from, of (see a preposition2), as anew.
 4 
a- /ə/ prefix4. Now dial. ME.Reduced form of i-1, y- (from Old English ġe-). Also written as a separate word.
 5 
a- /ə/ prefix5 (not productive). ME.Repr. French a-, à from Latin ad(-) with the sense of motion to, change into, addition, or intensification, asabandon, alarm, amass, avenue: see ad-.
 6 
a- /ə/ prefix6 (not productive). ME.Repr. French a- from Latin ab(-) off, away, from (see ab-), as abridge. Sometimes refash., as abstain, or conf. with a-5 and respelt, as assoil.
 7 
a- /ə/ prefix7 (not productive). ME.Repr. Anglo-Norman a-, Old French e-, es- from Latin ex- out, utterly (see ex-1), as abash.
 8 
a- /ə/ prefix8 (not productive).Repr. Latin a- reduced form of ad- before sc, sp, st, asascend: see ad-.
 9 
a- /ə/ prefix9 (not productive).Repr. Latin a- reduced form of ab- before v: see ab-.
 10 
a- /ə, eɪ, stressed a/ prefix10.Repr. Greek a- used before a consonant for an- without, not (see an-5), as abyss, apetalous. A productive prefix of negation and privation with words of Greek and also Latin origin, as agnostic, amoral.
 11 
a-†prefix11.Prefixed (esp. by Spenser and other archaists) to words where it had no historical or etymological basis. Often treated like a-8 and spelt ad-, ac-, af-, etc.
☞ a
See α-
a-
I. \ə\ prefix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English a-, an, on
1. : on : in : at
 < abed >
 < afoot >
 < asunder >
— sometimes used in dialect speech in locutions not found in standard
 < he did it a-purpose >
2. obsolete : at (such) a time
 < a-nights >
3. : in (such) a state or condition
 < afire >
 < asleep >
— often used with with
 < acrawl with ants >
4. : in (such) a manner
 < aloud >
5. : in the act of : in the process of
 < daddy's gone a-hunting >
 < months later the ship was still a-building >
II. \(|)ā, (|)a also (|)ä or (|)ȧ; at individual entries variants other than the first are not shown unless believed to be frequent\ prefix
or an- \(|)an, ən\
Etymology: Latin & Greek; Latin a-, an-, from Greek — more at un-
: not : without
 < achromatic >
 < asexual >
— used chiefly with words of Gk or L origin; a- before consonants other than h and sometimes even before h, an- before vowels and usually before h
 < ahistorical >
 < anesthesia >
 < anhydrous >

a- 1

  • IPA: /ə/

    • Usage notes

    Different Germanic senses of a- became confused – vaguely “intensive” – and are no longer productive. The Greek sense of “not” (e.g., amoral, asymmetry) remains productive.

    “[I]t naturally happened that all these a- prefixes were at length confusedly lumped together in idea, and the resultant a- looked upon as vaguely intensive, rhetorical, euphonic [nice-sounding], or even archaic, and wholly otiose [pointless].” OED.

    Prefix

    1. no longer productive forming verbs with the sense away, up, on, out
      arise, await
    2. no longer productive forming verbs with the sense of intensified action.
      abide, amaze

    Etymology

    From Middle English a- (“up, out, away”), from Old English ā-, originally *ar-, *or-, from Proto-Germanic *uz- (“out-”), from Proto-Indo-European *uds- (“up, out”). Cognate with Old Saxon ā-, German er-.

    a- 2

  • IPA: /ə/

    • Prefix

    1. rare or no longer productive in, on, at; used to show a state, condition, or manner. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
      apace, afire, aboil, a-bling
    2. no longer productive In, into. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
      asunder
    3. In the direction of, or toward. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
      astern, abeam
    4. archaic, dialectal At such a time. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
      Come a-morning we are going hunting.
    5. archaic, dialectal In the act or process of. [First attested prior to 1150][1]
      Come morning, we are going a-hunting.
      They's asinging a song. He's aheaded to the store.
      1777, Thomas Arne, A-Hunting We Will Go
      1780, The Twelve Days of Christmas:
      The twelfth day of Christmas,
      My true love sent to me
      Twelve lords a-leaping,
      …
      Eight maids a-milking,
      Seven swans a-swimming,
      Six geese a-laying,
      circa 1850, Here We Come A-wassailing/Here We Come A-caroling
      Here we come a-wassailing
      Among the leaves so green;
      Here we come a-wand’ring
      So fair to be seen.
      1939, Alfred Edward Housman, Additional Poems, XIII, lines 6-7:
      Oh waste no words a-wooing
      The soft sleep to your bed;
      circa 1970, bumper sticker:[2]
      If the van’s a-rockin’, don’t come a-knockin’.

    Etymology

  • A proclitic form of preposition a; from Old English an (“on”)
  • See a (preposition, on, to, in, etc.)

    • a- 3
  • i-

  • IPA: /ə/

    • Prefix

    1. Obsolete form of y-. [First attested around 1150 to 1350 (Middle English).][1]
      aware, alike

    Etymology

    From Middle English variant form of y-, from Old English ġe-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-.

    a- 4

  • IPA: /ə/

    • Prefix

    1. no longer productive forming words with the sense of wholly, or utterly out[First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
      abash

    Etymology

    From Anglo-Norman a-, from Old French e-, from Latin ex-.

    a- 5

  • (US) IPA: /ə/, /eɪ/

    • Prefix

    1. Not, without, opposite of.
      amoral, asymmetry, atheism, asexual, acyclic
      1948 (revised 1952), Robert Graves, The White Goddess, Faber & Faber 1999, page 7:
      When invited to believe in the Chimaera, the horse-centaurs, or the winged horse Pegasus, all of them straightforward Pelasgian cult-symbols, a philosopher felt bound to reject them as a-zoölogical improbabilities [...].
      2012, Faramerz Dabhoiwala, The Origins of Sex, Penguin 2013, page 191:
      If aroused outside the proper outlet of marriage, [female lust] could range out of control, turning its possessor into an a-feminine monster: that is what happened to fallen women.

    Etymology

    From Ancient Greek ἀ- (a-) (ἀν- (an-) immediately preceding a vowel).

    Usage notes

  • Used with stems that begin with consonants except sometimes h. an- is synonymous and is used in front of words that start with vowels and sometimes h.[3]

    • a- 6

    Prefix

    1. no longer productive Towards; Used to indicate direction, reduction to, increase to, change into, or motion. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
      ascend, aspire, amass, abandon, avenue

    Etymology

    From Middle English, from Middle French a-, from Latin ad (“towards”).

    Usage notes

  • Used on stems that started with sc, sp, or st, and also used on stems with a French origin.
  • Used in place of ad-.[4]

    • a- 7

    Prefix

    1. no longer productive Away from. [First attested from around 1150 to 1350.][1]
      avert, aperient, abridge, assoil[3]

    Etymology

    From Latin ab (“of, off, from, away”)

    Usage notes

  • Variation of the prefix ab-, only used when the stem starts with the letter p or v. [3]

    • a- 8

    Prefix

    1. no longer productive Of, from. [First attested prior to 1150.][1]
      anew, afresh[3]

    Etymology

  • From Middle English a-, o- (“of”)
  • See a (preposition, of)

    • Derived terms

    English words prefixed with a-


    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Brown, Lesley (2003)
    2. ^ See “Don’t Come A-Knockin’”, TV Tropes for more examples and discussion.
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Urdang, Laurence (1984)
    4. ^ Lindberg, Christine A. (2007)
  • Lesley Brown (editor), The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 5th edition (Oxford University Press, 2003 [1933], ISBN 978-0-19-860575-7), page 1
  • Christine A. Lindberg (editor), The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition (Spark Publishing, 2007 [2002], ISBN 978-1-4114-0500-4), page 1
  • Laurence Urdang (editor), The Random House College Dictionary (Random House, 1984 [1975], ISBN 0-394-43600-8), page 1
  • “a-” in Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary (2001).

    • 前缀：a-

    ① 加在单词或词根前面，表示"不，无，非"

    acentric 无中心的（a+centric中心的）

    asocial 不好社交的（a+social好社交的）

    amoral 非道德性的（a+moral道德的；注意：immoral不道德的）

    apolitical 不关政治的（a+political政治的）

    anemia 反常的（a+nomal正常的+ous）

    ② 加在单词前，表示"在…，…的"

    asleep 睡着的（a+sleep睡觉）

    aside 在边上（a+side旁边）

    ahead 在前地（a+head头）

    alive 活的（a+live活）

    awash 泛滥的（a+wash冲洗）

    前缀：a-

    1、无、不、非

    acentric 无中心的

    asocial 不好社交的

    atypical 非典型的

    asymmetry 不对称

    adynamic 无力的

    aperiodic 非周期的

    amoral 非道德性的

    asexual 无性别的

    apolitical 不关心政治的

    ahistorical 与历史无关的

    2、含有in,on,at,by,with,to,of等意义

    asleep 在熟睡中

    aside 在一边

    abed 在床上

    ashore 向岸上，在岸上

    afield 在田里，在野外

    aground 在地面上，搁浅

    ahead 向前，在前头

    abreast 肩并肩地

    afoot 徒步

    atop 在顶上

    afire 在燃烧中

    aback 向后

    3、加强意义

    aloud 高声地

    awake 唤醒，使醒

    await 等待

    arise 起来，升起

    afar 遥远地

    aright 正确地

    aweary 疲倦的，厌倦的

    ashamed 羞耻的

    alike 相同的（地）

    awash 被浪潮冲打的

    前缀：a-

    【词根含义】：在,到;来,临近;离开;否定;副词前缀;加强意义

    【词根来源】：来源于古英语和中古英语a-, an, on。

    【同源单词】：aboard, abroad, acentric, across, ago
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    更新时间：2025/2/11 9:06:26