词汇

-ic

词根词缀

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-ic
suff.（后缀）

Of, relating to, or characterized by:
…的，与…有关的，具有…特性的：
seismic.
地震的
Having a valence higher than that of a specified element in compounds or ions named with adjectives ending in-ous :
原子价较高的：表示比具有以-ous 形容词尾结尾的化合物或离子的同类具体元素原子价价高的：
sulfuric acid.
硫酸
One relating to or characterized by:
…的人，与…有关的人，有…特性的人：
academic.
学术界人士

语源

Middle English
中古英语
from Old French -ique
源自古法语 -ique
from Latin -icus
源自拉丁语 -icus
from Greek -ikos
源自希腊语 -ikos

-ic

suffix forming adjectives

of, relating to, or resembling

⇒ allergic

⇒ Germanic

⇒ periodic
See also -ical

(in chemistry) indicating that an element is chemically combined in the higher of two possible valence states

⇒ ferric

⇒ stannic
Compare -ous (sense 2)

Origin

from Latin -icus or Greek -ikos; -ic also occurs in nouns that represent a substantive use of adjectives (magic) and in nouns borrowed directly from Latin or Greek (critic, music)

-ic

Word Origin

a suffix forming adjectives from other parts of speech, occurring originally in Greek and Latin loanwords (metallic; poetic; archaic; public) and, on this model, used as an adjective-forming suffix with the particular senses “having some characteristics of” (opposed to the simple attributive use of the base noun) (balletic; sophomoric); “in the style of” (Byronic; Miltonic); “pertaining to a family of peoples or languages” (Finnic; Semitic; Turkic).

Chemistry. a suffix, specialized in opposition to -ous, used to show the higher of two valences:

ferric chloride.

a noun suffix occurring chiefly in loanwords from Greek, where such words were originally adjectival (critic; magic; music).

Origin

Middle English -ic, -ik < Latin -icus; in many words representing the cognate Greek -ikos (directly or through L); in some words replacing -ique < French < Latin -icus

-ic1. a suffix forming adjectives from nouns or stems not used as words themselves, meaning 'relating or belonging to' (poetic, metallic, Homeric), found extensively in adjective nouns of a similar type (public, magic), and in nouns the adjectives of which end in -ical, (music, critic).

2. Chemistry a suffix showing that an element is present in a compound at a high valency; at least higher than when the suffix -ous is used.

[representing in part Greek -ikos; often Latin -icus; sometimes French -ique]

-ic

adjective suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Anglo-French & Latin; Anglo-French -ic, -ique, from Latin -icus — more at -y

1. having the character or form of : being
    panoramic
: consisting of
    runic
2.
  a. of or relating to
      aldermanic
  b. related to, derived from, or containing
      alcoholic
3. in the manner of : like that of : characteristic of
    Byronic
4. associated or dealing with
    Vedic
: utilizing
    electronic
5. characterized by : exhibiting
    nostalgic
: affected with
    allergic
6. caused by
    amoebic
7. tending to produce
    analgesic
8. having a valence relatively higher than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ous
    ferric iron

noun suffix
: one having the character or nature of : one belonging to or associated with : one exhibiting or affected by : one that produces

-ic

/ɪk/

suffix

forming adjectives such as Islamic, terrific ［构成形容词, 如Islamic, terrific］。

forming nouns such as lyric, mechanic ［构成名词, 如lyric, mechanic］。

denoting a particular form or instance of a noun ending in -ics ［表示以-ics 结尾名词的特殊形式或事例］：: aesthetic

dietetic

tactic.

Chemistry denoting an element in a higher valency 【化】表示高价元素：: ferric

sulphuric.

比较-OUS.

词源

from French -ique, Latin -icus, or Greek -ikos.

-ic(formerly -ick, ik(e, -ique), suffix, primarily forming adjs., many of which are used as ns. The latter have also the form -ics: see 2.1. In adjs., immediately representing F. -ique, ad. L. -ic-us, of Latin origin, as in cīvic-us, classic-us, public-us, domestic-us, aquātic-us, or ad. Gr. -ικ-ός, as in κωµικ-ός cōmic-us, γραµµατικ-ός grammatic-us, ποιητικ-ός poētic-us. This was in Gr. one of the commonest of suffixes, forming adjs., with the sense ‘after the manner of’, ‘of the nature of’, ‘pertaining to’, ‘of’. Its use in L. was much more restricted, and it ceased to be a living formative, except in the compound suffix -āticus (see -atic, -age), and in words formed from Greek, or on Greek types. These were very numerous in late and med.L., whence they passed into the modern langs.; since the 16th c. they have been taken directly from Gr., or formed upon Gr. elements, and in some recent (esp. scientific) terms on words from L. or other sources, as carbonic, oratoric, artistic, bardic, scaldic, felspathic, Icelandic, Byronic. b. In Chemistry, the suffix -ic is specifically employed to form the names of oxygen acids and other compounds having a higher degree of oxidation than those whose names end in -ous; e.g. chloric acid HO₃Cl, chlorous acid HO₂Cl, sulphuric acid H₂SO₄, sulphurous acid H₂SO₃.At the time when this nomenclature was introduced only two such compounds were provided for. In many cases other oxygen compounds have since been obtained, but the names in -ic and -ous have been retained in their original applications, and prefixes as per-, hyper-, hypo-, sesqui-, etc. prefixed to denominate the additional compounds.1807Thomson Chem.. ii. 254 The French chemists..made some of the names of the combustible acids end in ic, as if they were saturated with oxygen; and others in ous, as if they were capable of combining with an additional dose. The fact is, that none of them are, strictly speaking, saturated with oxygen; for all of them are capable of combining with more.1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 4 Acids formed by oxygen with another element, are distinguished by the termination ous, given to acids with a lesser quantity of oxygen, and ic to acids with a greater quantity.2. Already in Gr., adjs. in -ικός were used absolutely as ns., e.g. in sing. masc., as στωικ-ός (man) of the porch, Stoic, κριτικ-ός (man) able to discern, critic, hence in L. Stōicus, criticus, etc.; also, in sing. fem., in names of arts (sc. τέχνη) or systems of thought, knowledge, or action (sc. θεωρία, ϕιλοσοϕία), e.g. ἡ µουσική the art of the Muses, music, ἡ ῥητορική the oratorical art, rhetoric, ἡ ἠθική theory of morals, ethics, ἡ ὀπτική science of vision, optics; and in neuter pl., as expressions for the affairs or matters pertaining to some department, and hence as names of treatises on these subjects, as τὰ οἰκονοµικά things pertaining to the management of a household, a treatise on this, economics. Sometimes both forms were in use with a distinction of sense; e.g. ἡ πολιτική the art of the statesman, political science, τὰ πολιτικά affairs of state, politics; this distinction tended however to become obliterated, as in ἡ τακτική, τὰ τακτικά tactics, ἡ ϕυσική, τὰ ϕυσικά physics. In pairs like ϕυσική, ϕυσικά both forms gave regularly a L. form in -ica, as physica, which might be taken as fem. sing. or neuter pl.; hence there was in med.L. considerable fluctuation in the grammatical treatment of these words. In the Romanic langs. (It., Sp. -ica, F. -ique), as also in Ger. (-ik), they were regularly treated as fem. sing.; though in French, from the 16th c., sometimes as plural (les mathématiques).In English, such words of this class as were in use before 1500 had the singular form, and were usually written, after French, -ique, -ike, as arsmetike, magike, musike, logike (-ique), retorique, mathematique (-ike, -ik), mechanique, economique, ethyque (-ik); this form is retained in arithmetic, logic, magic, music, rhetoric (though logics has also been used). But, from the 15th c., forms in -ics (-iques) occur as names of treatises (repr. Gr. names in -ικά or their L. translations in -ica), e.g. etiques = τὰ ἠθικά; and in the second half of the 16th c. this form is found applied to the subject-matter of such treatises, in mathematics, economics, etc. From 1600 onward, this has been the accepted form with names of sciences, as acoustics, conics, dynamics, ethics, linguistics, metaphysics, optics, statics, or matters of practice, as æsthetics, athletics, economics, georgics, gymnastics, politics, tactics. The names of sciences, even though they have the form in -ics, are now construed as singular, as in ‘mathematics is the science of quantity; its students are mathematicians’; in recent times some writers, following German or French usage, have preferred to use a form in -ic, as in dialectic, dogmatic, ethic, metaphysic, static, etc. Names of practical matters as gymnastics, politics, tactics, usually remain plural, in construction as well as in form.3. Besides the preceding, there are many ns. formed directly from adjectives in -ic taken absolutely, either after ancient models or on ancient analogies, as in names of medical agents, as alexipharmic, emetic, cosmetic, hidrotic (pl. emetics, etc.); in names of styles of poetry or metres, as epic, lyric, Anacreontics, iambics; and in words of various kinds, as domestic, rustic, catholic, classic, mechanic, lunatic.Words in -ic from Gr. or L. have the stress regularly on the penult, e.g. meˈchanic, draˈmatic, enˈclitic, faˈnatic. The exceptions, as aˈrithmetic, ˈarsenic, ˈcatholic, ˈheretic, ˈrhetoric, ˈlunatic, are chiefly words taken directly from French, in which originally the final syllable had the main stress, and the antepenult a secondary stress (ˌrhetoˈrique), which afterwards became the primary in accordance with the regular treatment of French words (e.g. ˌvaniˈte, ˌaniˈmal), in English.A few adjs. in -ic form advs. in -icly, as publicly, franticly, heroicly; but the adv. is usually in -ically, from the secondary adj. in -ical. Derivative abstract ns. are formed in -icity, as domesticity, atomicity, and agent nouns in -ician as arithmetician, musician, physician.

-ic

adjective suffix, "having to do with, having the nature of, being, made of, caused by, similar to" (in chemistry, indicating a higher valence than names in -ous), from French -ique and directly from Latin -icus, which in many cases represents Greek -ikos "in the manner of; pertaining to." From PIE *-(i)ko, which also yielded Slavic -isku, adjectival suffix indicating origin, the source of the -sky (Russian -skii) in many surnames.

-ic

[Adjective] quality, relation:

generic

☞ -ic, ics

-ic /ɪk/ suffix. Also -ick^†, -ique^†.

ORIGIN: Repr. French -ique, its source Latin -icus, & its source Greek -ikos.

1.In adjectives from French, Latin (esp. late Latin), or Greek, as civic, classic, historic, or formed directly in English, as artistic, Icelandic, with the general sense ‘of or pertaining to’.b. Forming part of compound suffixes, as -atic, -etic, -fic, -ologic.c. Chemistry. In adjectives denoting a higher valence or degree of oxidation than those ending in -ous, as ferric, sulphuric.

2.In Greek, adjectives in -ikos were used absol. as nouns, which in medieval Latin gave words in -ica which could be taken as fem. sing. or as neut. pl. In English before the 16th cent. words of this class had the sing. form, and in some, as logic, magic, rhetoric, the sing. has been retained; others have -ic after French or German, as dialectic. More often such words now end in -ics.

3.In nouns that are English adjectives used absol., as cosmetic, emetic; epic, lyric; domestic, mechanic, rustic.

-ic ⇒ Main Entry: -ous

-ic

suffix added to nouns to form adjectives.

of or having to do with _____: Atmospheric = of or having to do with the atmosphere. Icelandic = of Iceland.

having the nature of _____: Heroic = having the nature of a hero.

constituting or being _____: Bombastic = constituting or being bombast.

containing _____; made up of _____: Alcoholic = containing alcohol.

made by _____; caused by _____: Volcanic = made by a volcano.

like _____; like that of _____; characteristic of _____: Meteoric = like a meteor.

an art or system of thought, as in stoic, logic, music.

Chemistry. indicating the presence of an element in a compound or ion that is of a higher valence than indicated by the suffix -ous, as in boric, chloric, ferric, sulfuric.

[< French -ique < Latin -icus < Greek -ikós]

UsageMany words ending in -ic have two or more of meanings 1 to 6.

i/c (no periods)

in charge (of): officer i/c distribution.

IC (no periods)

immediate constituent.

integrated circuit:

An IC is a circuit consisting of up to 20 transistors and diodes on a microscopic chip of silicon (Robert E. Stoffels).

internal combustion.

I.C.

Jesus Christ (Latin, Iesus Christus).

-ic
I. \_ik, _ēk; ˌik in a few words that have a heavy stress on a syllable preceding the penult, as “politic”\ adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English -ik, -ic, from Old French & Latin; Old French -ique, from Latin -icus — more at -y
1. : having the character or form of : being
< panoramic >
< rhombic >
< Samoyedic >
: consisting of
< runic >
2.
a. : of or relating to
  < aldermanic >
  < daturic >
  < Koranic >
b. : related to, derived from, or containing
  < alcoholic >
— especially in names of acids and related compounds
  < boric >
  < cinammic >
  < oleic >
3. : in the manner of : like that of : characteristic of
< Byronic >
< quixotic >
< Puritanic >
4. : associated or dealing with
< Vedic >
: utilizing
< electronic >
< atomic >
5. : characterized by : exhibiting
< nostalgic >
: affected with
< allergic >
< paraplegic >
6. : caused by
< amoebic >
7. : tending to produce
< analgesic >
8. : having the highest valence of a (specified) element or a valence relatively higher than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ous
< ferric iron >
< sulfuric acid >
— compare -ate I 2
II. noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -ik, -ic, from Old French & Latin; Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from -icus (adjective suffix)
: one having the character or nature of : one belonging to or associated with : one exhibiting or affected by
< glyconic >
: one that produces
< ecbolic >

-ic
-ick (obsolete)

Suffix

Used to form adjectives from nouns with the meaning "of or pertaining to";

Cyrillic

acidic
chemistry Used to denote certain chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a higher oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ous. For example sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H₂SO₃).

Etymology

From French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos, *-iḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-ko-. Cognates include Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Sanskrit श (-śas), क (-kas) and Old Church Slavonic -ъкъ (ŭkŭ).

PIE *-ko- on noun stems carried the meaning 'characteristic of, like, typical, pertaining to', and on adjectival stems it acted emphatically.

Usage notes

The suffix -ic is often added to words of Greek or Latin origin, but may also be used with other words, and in some cases is even added (redundantly) to adjectives, as in veganic (from vegan).

Derived terms

English words suffixed with -ic

Related terms

-adic

-ical

-ics

后缀：-ic ①[形容词后缀]

表示“...的”

atomic 原子的

electronic 电子的

historic 有历史意义的

organic 器官的

poetic 诗的

Icelandic 冰岛的

hygienic 卫生的

basic 基本的

nucleonic 核子的

periodic 周期的

metallic 金属的

Germanic 德国的

angelic 天使（般）的

fluidic 液体性的

scenic 自然景色的

cubic 立方形的

magnetic 有磁性的

Byronic 拜伦诗风的

②[名词后缀]

1、表示人

critic 批评家，评论家

mechanic 技工，机械师

classic 古典作家

rustic 乡下人

cletic 牧师

sceptic 怀疑论者

Catholic 天主教徒

heretic 异教徒

2、表示“...学”、“...术”及其他抽象名词

logic 逻辑，伦理学

rhetoric 修辞学

arithmetic 算术

magic 魔术

topic 题目，论题

music 音乐

Arabic 阿拉伯语

epidemic 流行病

词根词缀：-ic

【来源及含义】Greek: a suffix; pertaining to; of the nature of, like; in chemistry, it denotes a higher valence of the element than is expressed by -ous

【同源单词】abdominocystic, abdominopelvic, abdominoscopy, abdominothoracic, abiogenetic, abiogenic

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suffix forming adjectives

Origin

-ic

-ic-ick (obsolete)

Suffix

Etymology

Usage notes

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

后缀：-ic ①[形容词后缀]

词根词缀：-ic

-ic
-ick (obsolete)