| 词汇 | civil |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： 1387, from L. civilis "relating to a citizen, relating to public life, befitting a citizen," hence "popular, affable, courteous;" alternative adj. derivation of civis "townsman" (see city). The sense of "polite" was in the L., from the courteous manners of citizens, as opposed to those of soldiers. But Eng. did not pick up this nuance of the word until late 16c. "Courteous is thus more commonly said of superiors, civil of inferiors, since it implies or suggests the possibility of incivility or rudeness" [OED]. Civil case (as opposed to criminal) is recorded from 1611. Civil liberty is from 1788. 词根记忆： a. 公民的,市民的;民间的;民用的;有礼貌的Citizens in the city's civil buildings are all civilized.城市民用建筑内的市民全都得到教化. a. 市民的[civ=citizen,表示"公民"] 词根词缀： civil civil a 市民的civ=citizen,表示”公民” civil a 市民的civlity n 谦恭,礼仪(civil市民=文明+ity=谦恭有礼) civilian n 民众,平民(civil+ian) civilization n 文明,文化(civil市民=文明+ization[ize+ation]=文明) civilian n 平民(civil公民的+ian) -ian (1) 表名词,”某种人” historian n 历史学家(history历史+ian) civilian n 平民(civil公民的+ian) comedian n 喜剧演员(comedy喜剧+ian) lilliputian n 矮子(lilliput《格列佛游记》中的矮人国+ian) pedestrian n 行人(ped脚+estr+ian) custodian n 管理员(custody监督+ian) simian n 类人猿(simi猴子+ian) valetudinarian n 体弱的人(vale强壮+tudi状态+narian…过分为健康状况担忧的人) (2) 表形容词,”…国家的” egyprian a 埃及的arabian a 阿拉伯的canadian a 加拿大的athenian a 雅典的 |
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