| 词汇 | ban |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： 1. ban (v.) O.E. bannan "to summon, command, proclaim," from P.Gmc. *bannan "proclaim, command, forbid" (cf. O.H.G. bannan "to command or forbid under threat of punishment," Ger. bannen "banish, expel, curse"), originally "to speak publicly," from PIE base *bha- "to speak" (cf. O.Ir. bann "law," Armenian ban "word;" see fame). Main modern sense of "to prohibit" is from O.N. cognate banna "curse, prohibit," and probably in part from O.Fr. ban, which meant "outlawry, banishment," among other things (see banal) and was a borrowing from Germanic. The sense evolution in Germanic was from "speak" to "proclaim a threat" to (in O.N., Ger., etc.) "curse." The Germanic root, borrowed in Latin and French, has been productive: cf. banish, bandit, contraband, etc. Banned in Boston dates from 1920s, in allusion to the excessive zeal and power of that city's Watch and Ward Society. 2. ban (n.2) "governor of Croatia," from Serbo-Croat. ban "lord, master, ruler," from Pers. ban "prince, lord, chief, governor," related to Skt. pati "guards, protects." Hence banat "district governed by a ban," with Latinate suffix -atus. The Persian word got into Slavic perhaps via the Avars. 3. ban (n.1) "edict of prohibition," from ban (v.). O.E. (ge)bann meant "proclamation, summons, command." 词根记忆： v. 取缔,查禁;(from)禁止n.禁止,禁令Swimming is banned in this pond.禁止在这个池塘中游泳. n. 禁止;禁令[ban=prohibit,表示"禁止"] 词根词缀： ban bankruptcy n 破产(bankrupt破产,tupt断) -cy表名词,也作-acy,”性质,状态” celibacy n 独身(cekid独身+acy) intricacy n 错综复杂(intricate复杂的) fallacy n 谬误(fall错误) piracy n 非法翻印(pirate海盗) pregnancy n 怀孕(pregnant怀孕的) emergency n 紧急事件(emergent紧急的) idiocy n 愚蠢(idiot白痴) bankruptcy n 破产(bankrupt破产,tupt断) banish v 放逐,摒弃(ban禁止,放弃+ish) -ish n (1) 表形容词,”像…一样,有的…”,通常放在一具体名词后 snobbish a 势利眼的(snob势利眼) faddish a 时尚的,时髦的(fad时尚,流行的狂热) fiendish a 极凶恶的(fiend魔鬼) modish a 时髦的(mode时髦) waggish a 滑稽的(wag小丑) sluggish a 行动迟钝的(slug懒汉) churlish a 脾气暴躁的(churl粗鄙之人,小气鬼) boorish a 粗野的(boor粗野之人) coltish a 放荡不羁(colt小马驹) childish a 孩子气的(child孩子) bookish a 书生气的(book书本) foolish a 愚蠢的(fool笨蛋) coldish a 稍冷的(cold冷) yellowish a 微黄的(yellow黄色的) fattish a 稍胖的(fat胖) (2) 表动词,”造成…” furbish v 刷新(furb擦亮+ish) embellish v 装饰(em进入+bell美丽+ish) polish v 擦亮(pol擦亮+ish) famish v 挨饿(fam饿+ish,参考,famine饥荒) banish v 放逐,摒弃(ban禁止,放弃+ish) admonish v 告诫(ad+mon警告+ish) impoverish v 使成赤贫(im进入+pover贫困+ish,参考:poverty贫困) vanquish v 征服(vanqu克服+ish) diminish v 缩小(di使+min小+ish) flourish v 繁荣(flour花+ish) vanish v 消失(van空,失去+ish) nourish v 养育,哺育(nour营养+ish) (3) 表示”国家的或语言” english a 英国的n. 英语turkish a 土耳语的n. 土耳语swedish a 瑞典的n. 瑞典语lrish a 爱尔兰的n. 爱尔兰语baneful a 有害的(bane祸害) -ful (1) 表形容词,”有…的” grateful a 感激的(grate感激) rueful a 后悔的(rue悔恨) willful a 任性的(will意志…任意办事) tactful a 圆滑的(tact手腕,圆滑) baneful a 有害的(bane祸害) gleeful a 欢乐的(glee高兴) hopeful a 有希望的(hope希望) shameful a 可耻的(shame耻辱) forgetful a 易忘的(forget忘记) (2) 表名词,”满,量” handful n 一把(a handful of salt 一把盐) spoonful n 一勺的量(a spoonful of sugar 一 勺糖) mouthful n 一口(a mouthful of food 一口食物) boatful n 一船(a boatful of coal 一船煤) armful n 一抱(an armful of books 一抱书) banking n 银行业(bank银行) -ing (1) 表名词,”状态” feeling n 感情(feel感觉) ageing n 老化(age年龄) learining n 学问(learn学习) gloaming n 黄昏(gloam渐渐暗下) mooring n 停泊(moor停船) clothing n 衣服(cloth布) flooring n 地板材料(floor地板) building n 建筑物(build建造) filling n 填料(fill填) legging n 绑腿(leg腿) footing n 立足点(foot足) (3) 表名词,”行业” fishing n 渔业(fish鱼) banking n 银行业(bank银行) abvertising n 广告业(advertise做广告) accounting n 会计学(account计算) shoemaking n 制鞋业(shoe鞋+make制造+ing) dancing n 舞蹈(dance跳舞) (4) 表形容词,”正 …的”,”令人…的” envoreaging a 鼓舞人心的(encourage鼓励) changing a 正在变化的(change变化) outgoing a 友善的(out出+go走…走出去和别人交往…友善的) assuming a 自负的(assume自以为是,认为+ing) engrossing a 引人入胜的(engross吸引) fascinating a 迷人的(fascinate使…入迷) ingratiating a 讨好的(ingratiate讨好,grat感激) discriminating a 有辨别力的(discriminate分辨) exhilarating a 使人兴奋的(exhilarate兴奋,高兴,参考:hilarious十分高兴的) riceting a 十分精彩的(rivet柳钉,如柳钉一样牢牢吸引住) inviting a 诱人的(inviet邀请) banker n 银行家(bank银行) -er (1) 表名词,”…人” singer n 歌唱家(sing唱歌) leader n 领袖(lead领导) writer n 作家(write写) insider n 局内人(inside内部) banker n 银行家(bank银行) teenager n 青少年(teenage十一到十九岁) southerner n 南方人(southern南方的) villager n 村民(village村庄) (2) 表名词,”物品,机器” washer n 洗衣机(wash洗) lighter n 打火机(light点火) heater n 加热器(heat加热) boiler n 锅炉(boil煮) (3) 表名词,”反复做” mutter v 喃喃自语chatter v 喋喋不休(chat聊天+ter) stutter v 口吃waver v 摆动(wave波动) batter v 连打,不断打(bat打+ter) bandit n 匪徒(band匪帮+it) -it (1) 表名词,通常是抽象名词 spirit n 精神(spir呼吸+it) credit n 相信(cred相信+it) pursuit n 追求(pursue追求+it) deficit n 亏空,赤字(de不+fic做+it…做得不够…亏空) plaudit n 喝采,赞扬(plaud鼓掌+it) affidavit n 宣誓书(af+fidav相信+it) (2) 表名词,”…的” pundit n 权威人士,专家(pund学问+it) hermit n 隐士(herm孤独+it) recruit n 新兵(re再+cru成长+it,参考:accrue增长) bandit n 匪徒(band匪帮+it) banditry n 盗窃活动(bandit匪徒) -ry表名词,通常放在一个完整的单词后面 (1) 表示”状态,性质” banditry n 盗窃活动(bandit匪徒) rivalry n 竞争,敌对(rival对手) mimicry n 模仿(mimic模仿者) parquetry n 镶木地板图案(parquet镶木地板) artistry n 艺术性(artist艺术家) (2) 表示”行业,学科” forestry n 林学(forest森林) chemistry n 化学(chemist化学家) husbandry n 农耕(husband丈夫…丈夫干农活) palmistry n 手相学(palm手掌+ist+ry) (3) 表示集合名词 peasantry n 农民(peasant农民) poetry n 诗歌(poet诗人) gentry n 绅士(gent温柔,参考:gentle温柔的) citizenry n 公民(总称) (citizen公民) (4) 表示”场地” laundry n 洗衣房(launder洗衣,浆洗) pantry n 食品室(pant面包+ry) foundry n 铸造车间(found制造,参考:founder创始人) fishery n 鱼场(fish鱼) quarry n 采石场(quar采石,来自aquare创始人) ferry n 渡口(fer带来…把人从河这边带到河那边) bankrupt a 破产的(bank柜台+rupt=柜台断了=破产了) rupt=break, 表示”断裂” rupture n 破裂,断绝(rupt+ure) abrupt a 突然的(ab离开+rupt=断开=突然断开=突然的) bankrupt a 破产的(bank柜台+rupt=柜台断了=破产了) bankruptcy n 破产(bank+rupt+cy) corrupt a 腐败的(cor全部+rupt断=全断了=腐败了) corruption n 腐败(cor+rupt+ion) disrupt v 分裂,瓦解(dis分开+rupt=分开断=分裂) disruption n 分裂,瓦解(disrupt+ion) erupt v 爆发,喷出(e出+rupt=断裂而喷出) eruption n 爆发(erupt+ion) interrupt v 打断(inter在…中间+rupt=在[讲话]中间打断) interruption n 打断,插嘴(interrupt+ion) banktupt n 破产者(bank椅子—柜台+rupt断—柜台断 了—破产) bank=bench (长椅) bank n 银行(由柜台转化而来) banktupt n 破产者(bank椅子—柜台+rupt断—柜台断 了—破产) ban n 禁止,禁令ban=prohibit,表示”禁止” ban n 禁止,禁令banal a 平庸的,陈腐的(ban+al=被禁止的=陈腐的 ) banish v 流放,驱逐出境(ban+ish表动词=禁止入境=驱逐) abandon v 抛弃,放弃(a不+ban+don给予=不禁止给出去=放弃) |
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