| 词汇 | grave |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： 1. grave (n.) O.E. græf "grave, ditch," from P.Gmc. *graban (cf. O.S. graf, O.Fris. gref, O.H.G. grab "grave, tomb;" O.N. gröf "cave," Goth. graba "ditch"), from PIE base *ghrebh-/*ghrobh- "to dig, to scratch, to scrape" (cf. O.C.S. grobu "grave, tomb"); related to grafan "to dig" (see grave (v.)). From Middle Ages to 17c., they were temporary, crudely marked repositories from which the bones were removed to ossuaries after some years and the grave used for a fresh burial. "Perpetual graves" became common from c.1650. To make (someone) turn in his grave "behave in some way that would have offended the dead person" is first recorded 1888. Graveyard shift "late-night work" is c.1907, from earlier nautical term, in reference to the loneliness of after-hours work. 2. grave (adj.) 1540s, from M.Fr. grave, from L. gravis "weighty, serious, heavy," from PIE base *gru- (cf. Skt. guruh "heavy, weighty;" Gk. baros "weight," barys "heavy in weight," often with the notion of "strength, force;" Goth. kaurus "heavy"). Greek barys (opposed to kouphos) also was used figuratively, of suffering, sorrow, sobbing, and could mean "oppressive, burdensome, grave, dignified, impressive." 3. grave (v.) O.E. grafan (p.t. grof, pp. grafen) "to dig, carve," from P.Gmc. *grabanan (cf. O.N. grafa, O.Fris. greva, O.H.G. graban, Goth. graban "to dig, carve"), from the same source as grave (n.). Its M.E. strong pp., graven, is the only part still active, the rest of the word supplanted by its derivative, engrave. 词根记忆： n. 坟墓a.严肃的,庄重的On Revenue avenue, the grave traveler jumped the gravestone bravely.在税收大道上,严肃的旅行者勇敢地跳过墓碑. a. 重大的,庄重的[grav,griev=heavy,表示"重"] 词根词缀： grave grave a 重大的,庄重的grav,griev=heavy,表示”重” grave a 重大的,庄重的aggravate v 加重,恶化(ag加+grav+ate=加重) aggravation n 恶化,加重(aggravate+ion) gravity n 庄重,地心吸力(grav+ity) gravitate v 受重力作用下沉(grav+itale=变重) gravitation n 引力,倾向(gravitate+ion) gravid a 怀孕的(grav+id=重的样子=怀孕的) gravida n 孕妇(grvid+a) grief n 悲伤,心情沉重grieve v 使悲伤grievous a 悲伤的,严重的(griev+ous) aggrieve v 使烦恼,伤心(ag增加+grieve加重=烦恼) grievance n 牢骚,苦水(griev悲伤+ance=说悲伤的话=牢骚) |
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