radio- 或 radi-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Radiation; radiant energy:
放射；放射能：
radiometer.
放射计 - Radioactive:
放射性的：
radiochemistry.
放射化学 - Radio:
无线电：
radiotelephone.
无线电话
语源
- From radiation
源自 radiation
radio-
combining form
denoting radio, broadcasting, or radio frequency
⇒
radiogram
indicating radioactivity or radiation
⇒
radiochemistry
⇒
radiolucent
indicating a radioactive isotope or substance
⇒
radioactinium
⇒
radiothorium
⇒
radioelement
Origin
from French, from Latin radius ray; see radiusradio-
Word Origin
1
a combining form with the meanings “dealing with radiant energy” (radiometer), “employing or dealing with radio waves” (radioacoustics; radiolocation; radiotelephone), “emitting rays as a result of the breakup of atomic nuclei” (radioactive; radiocarbon), “characterized by, employing or dealing with such rays” (radiography; radiopaque; radiotherapy).
Origin
< French, combining form representing Latin radius beam, ray, radius
Related Words
- osteoradionecrosis
- radioacoustics
- radioactinium
- radioactive
- radioactivity
- radioautograph
radio-a word element meaning:
1. radio.
2. radial.
3. radium, radioactive, or radiant energy.
[originally combining form of radius]radio-
⇨ see radi-
⇨ see radi-
radio-
combining form
1.
- denoting radio waves or broadcasting表示“无线电波”, “广播”：
-
radio-controlled
radiogram.
2.
- Physics connected with rays, radiation, or radioactivity【物理】表示“射线”, “辐射”, “辐射能”, “放射性”：
-
radiogenic
radiograph.
- ■ denoting artificially prepared radioisotopes of elements表示“人工准备的放射性同位素”：
-
radio-cobalt.
3.
- Anatomy belonging to the radius in conjunction with some other part【剖】表示“桡骨”：
-
radio-carpal.
词源
from RADIO or RADIUS .
1831 R. Knox Cloquet'sAnat. 133The external lateral ligament of the radio-carpal articulation.
1845 Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 137Another example is the superior radio-ulnar articulation.
1858 Holden Hum. Osteol. (1878) 160The lower end of the bones of the fore-arm forms the radio-carpal joint.
1936 B. J. M. Harrison Textbk. Roentgenol. iii. 62Of the media of greater radiodensity than the tissues the most commonly used is sulphate of barium.
1977 Proc. R.Soc. Med. LXX. 518/2If the stone is still in situ then the chemical composition may be assessed by the radiodensity.
1903 Progressive Med. III. 161Heidingsfeld's case was a bullous radiodermatitis.
1930 Times Educ. Suppl. 2 Aug. p. iv/3The Cross of the Legion of Honour has been conferred on Dr. Jean Chabry, whose experimental work in radiology has resulted in an attack of radiodermatitis, necessitating amputation of his right arm.
1968 A. Rook et al.Textbk. Dermatol. xv. 359/2Chronic radiodermatitis is not an inflammatory process and should strictly be termed roentgen atrophy or perhaps roentgen poikiloderma.
1904 F. P. Foster Appleton'sMed. Dict. 1676/2Radiodiagnosis, diagnosis by means of Röntgen ray examination.
1910 A. Abrams Diagnostic Therapeutics iv. 627Radio-diagnosis is more accurate than percussion in defining the dimensions of the organ.
1978 Lancet 25 Feb. 434/1 The current practice of treating radiodiagnosis as cost-free, risk-free, and done in a flash has seriously affected medical standards over the past three decades.
1907 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 17 Nov. 1392/2 (heading)The correlation of clinical and radio⁓diagnostic findings.
1961 Lancet 29 July 257/1 Dr. C. Pickard..was..critical of past and future planning for radiodiagnostic departments.
1956 E. P. Odum in Conf. Radioactive Isotopes inAgric. (U.S. Atomic EnergyComm. ) 102/2Radio-ecological research at AEC installations..has been handicapped by (1) lack of prior knowledge of the environment, and (2) uncontrolled experimental conditions.
1975 Nature 3 Jan. p. xiii ( Advt. ),The successful candidate should have knowledge and some experience in marine radioecological research and related techniques.
1959 E. P. & H. T. Odum Fund. Ecol. (ed. 2) xiv. 477This rather surprising finding, repeatedly documented by radioecologists working at the Nevada Test Site.., is apparently to be explained by the fact that the smaller particles which fall at a distance stick to the leaves of plants and dissolve more readily.
1956 E. P. Odum in Conf. Radioactive Isotopes inAgric. (U.S. Atomic EnergyComm. ) 100/1Only now that we have some familiarity with the functional aspects of our ecosystem are we ready to begin controlled experiments in radio-ecology.
1964 Oceanogr. & MarineBiol. II. 256Radioecology or radiation ecology is the branch of ecology which concerns itself with the dispersion and interaction of radionuclides in and with the physical, chemical, and biological environment.
1974 Nature 13 Dec. 618/2 The two fundamental problems in radioecology are to determine how radionuclides migrate within biogeological systems and how ionising radiations affect microorganisms, plants and animals.
1971 Radiation Bot. XI. 119 (heading)Radiogenetic effects of gamma- and fast neutron irradiation on different ontogenetic stages of the tomato.
Ibid. ,Pollen, which has advantages for radiogenetical studies, seems to hold little promise for mutation breeding purposes.
1950 Genetics XXXV. 56 (heading) On the interpretation of the dose⁓frequency in radiogenetics.
1955 . [ see radiobiology]
1963 Biol. Abstr. XLI. 642/2Valuable data have been obtained in the field of radiogenetics.
1911 Chem. Abstr. V. 3059The intensity of the radioluminescence is proportional to the distance in mm.
1946 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VII. 405/2Radioluminescence of solids induced by X-rays finds considerable technical application in industrial and medical fields.
1966 G. F. J. Garlick in P. Goldberg Luminescence ofInorg. Solids xii. 689It was the existence of the particle-excited radioluminescence of uranyl salts that led Becquerel to the discovery of radioactivity in 1896.
1919 Chem. Abstr. XIII. 2806A long discourse on the underlying principles and the preparation of radioluminescent paints.
1887 C. V. Boys in Proc. RoyalSoc. XLII. 189 (title)Preliminary Note on the ‘Radio-Micrometer’.
1888 Times 10 May 5/5 Mr. C. V. Boys's Radiomicrometer..consists of a circuit made of antimony, bismuth, and copper.
1908 Rep. Brit. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 1907 621The first thing is to tune up the receiver accurately. This can be done by a Duddell radio-micrometer, which measures the received energy satisfactorily although it is very small. [ radio]
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. &Technol. XI. 319/1The radiomicrometer was invented by C. V. Boys in 1887 to avoid the limitations of a separate thermocouple and galvanometer. However, because it is delicate and inconvenient, it has virtually gone out of use.
1947 P. Dustin in Nature 14 June 796/2These effects are remarkably similar to those of ionizing radiations: the mitotic poisons of the trypaflavine type are radio⁓mimetic.
1965 New Scientist 25 Nov. 586/2 The still unidentified agent causing the haemorrhage is a radiomimetic compound—that is, it poisons the bone-marrow very much as radiation does.
1974 R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery ii. 9/2Irradiation and radiomimetic drugs..administered in the treatment of neoplasms, cause delay in wound healing by their damaging effects on dividing cells.
1933 Ward & Smith Rec. Adv. Radium viii. 85In this way radio-necrosis may result in the more radio-resistant tumours without destruction of the tumour.
1963 New Scientist 9 May 334/3 Early treatment of certain irradiation accident cases with ‘vasodilators’ may prevent radionecrosis altogether.
1977 Lancet 27 Aug. 460/1 Radionecrosis of the brain may follow therapeutic irradiation of the pituitary.
1959 Internat. Jrnl. Appl. Radiation & Isotopes VI. 128/1Extensive investigations..will be necessary before radio-pasteurization without refrigeration can be recommended for meats.
1968 Biol. Abstr. XLIX. 2446/2Freshly killed pre-rigor fish respond better toward the radio-pasteurization process than do post-rigor fish.
1966 E. R. Killam et al. inProc. Internat. Symposium Food Irradiation 839A petition was submitted to the FDA on April 29, 1966 for the approval of radio⁓pasteurized strawberries for public consumption.
1971 Jrnl. FoodTechnol. VI. 82Blackening in radio-pasteurized shrimps can be effectively controlled by pre-blanching treatment.
1960 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10 Sept. 162/1The production of radiopharmaceutical compounds that concentrate in organs, such as colloidal gold in the liver and chlormerodrin..in the kidneys.
1963 P. F. Belcastro in H. M. Burlage et al. Physical & Technical Pharmacy xvii. 701Radiopharmaceuticals can be used as therapeutic agents for treating specific diseases more efficiently than by traditional methods.
1966 G. V. LeRoy in G. A. Andrews et al. Radioactive Pharmaceuticals xxxvii. 669There is a continuing disagreement about the appropriate dose of almost all the radiopharmaceutical agents currently in use.
1977 Lancet 23 Apr. 907/2 Adverse reactions to radio⁓pharmaceuticals are rare, and are generally due to the carrier portion rather than to the isotope itself.
1973 Radiopharmacist . [ see radiochemist]
1963 Biol. Abstr. XLIV. 479/2 (heading)Radio-pharmacological investigations of the mechanism of action of sympathetic alpha and beta receptors in the region of the cardia of the rabbit.
1960 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10 Sept. 165/2The clinician, biochemist, physiologist, or radiopharmacologist will eventually discover substances that will concentrate in the pancreas and adrenal and parathyroid glands.
1968 Australasian Radiol. XII. 239/1Pancoast, in 1914, appears to have initiated radiopharmacology when he used morphine to stimulate gastric peristalsis.
1976 M. Tubis in Tubis & Wolf Radiopharmacy xv. 406Radiopharmacology..is concerned with the use of labeled compounds, the ‘radiophores’ carriers of radioactivity, to demonstrate the distribution, deposition, kinetics of metabolism, turnover, and the excretion.
Ibid. ,Radiopharmacy..is the science and art of preparing and dispensing the labeled compounds of pharmaceutical quality that are used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and therapy.
1977 K. Kristensen et al. Quality Control in NuclearMed. xxxiii. 271/1The radiopharmacy should be designed so that dispensing and radioactive waste handling do not interfere with or contaminate each other.
1957 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXX. 97/1This..underlines the importance of the liver in radio-protection.
1975 Internat. Jrnl. RadiationBiol. XXVIII. 41It appears that cystamine may be limiting the availability of reducing equivalents and thus providing radioprotection to lipogenesis.
1956 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXIX. 623/1Scientists..have studied the radio-protective activity of cysteamine and cystamine.
1958 Ibid. XXXI. 339/2All the radio-protective substances effective in mice have the common action of lowering body temperature.
1975 Biochem. & Biophys.Res. Communications LXVII. 1170The increase..in the amount of exogenous superoxide dismutase associated with the eluted bone marrow stem cells was also accompanied by an enhancement in the radioprotective effect of the enzyme on the proliferative capacity of the cells.
1960 Internat. Jrnl. RadiationBiol. II. 231 (heading)Sub trates as radioprotectors of hexokinase. [ s]
1977 Nature 3 Nov. 15/3 A significant contribution to radiobiology was the demonstration that SOD is an effective radioprotector exerting a protective role even when administered after radiation doses have been delivered.
1927 Cancer Rev. II. 397The degree of radio-resistance seems to be more marked in proportion as the treatment has been unwisely prolonged.
1957 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXX. 97/1A higher concentration of cysteamine in the liver increases radio-resistance.
1929 Radiology XIII. 316/2 Squamous carcinoma, malignancy of varying grades, radioresistant.
1959 Internat. Jrnl. Appl. Radiation & Isotopes VI. 157/1The alkaline phosphatase of milk is extremely radio⁓resistant.
1977 Lancet 27 Aug. 460/1 The endocrine-active adenomas are characteristically more radio-resistant than the endocrine-inactive variety.
1920 Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. VII. 53/1Remarkable examples of radio-sensitive tumors are ectodermal and basal-celled epitheliomata derived from the basal-celled layers of the epidermis.
1956 C. Auerbach Genetics in Atomic Age viii. 80Tissues in which division is going on are so much more radiosensitive than tissues in which cell division has ceased.
1976 Nature 17 June 588/1 If these cells are less radiosensitive, ionising radiation could favour their overgrowth.
1921 Arch. Radiol. & Electrotherapy XXV. 348A further factor in tissues is the blood or lymph content; the more this is, the more is the radio-sensitiveness.
1924 Brit. Jrnl. Radiol. XXIX. 270The radio-sensitivity was found to vary greatly according to the stage of cellular division.
1971 G. G. Luce Body Time v. 167Perhaps the rhythm of radiosensitivity may be traced to cycles of activity in the bone marrow and spleen where blood is formed.
1951 Jrnl. Chem. Educ. XXVIII. 414/2Radiosensitization may be significant in radiation chemistry.
1976 Radiology CXIX. 221 This..would ostensibly lead to some degree of tumor reoxygenation (‘radiosensitization’) as well as direct chemotherapeutic effects.
Ibid. 725/1Cetylpyridinium chloride did not radiosensitize bacteria suspended in nutrient broth.
1953 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer VII. 316This compound (Synkavit) has a small but useful effect as a clinical radiosensitiser.
1972 Lancet 22 Sept. 638/2 A true radiosensitiser is a chemical which increases the cell-killing effect of a given dose of radiation.
1936 Biol. Abstr. X. 1905/1His researches concern the radio-sensitizing effect of metabolic exchanges and the degree to which substances modifying the metabolism also modify the radiosensitivity.
1953 Brit. Jrnl. Cancer VII. 314A radiosensitising chemical agent..in combination with radiotherapy should produce a mean survival time after treatment double that after radiotherapy only.
1978 Jrnl. R.Soc. Med. LXXI. 672The radiosensitizing properties of the group of nitroimidazoles.
1964 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. LVII. 756/1For mosquito sterilization..the desired goal of highly competitive, yet permanently sterile, males is more readily attainable with chemosterilization than radiosterilization.
1966 E. R. Killam et al. inProc. Internat. Symposium Food Irradiation viii. 842The radiosterilization of certain cuts of beef may require irradiation at this temperature . [ sc. -80°C]
Ibid. ,Future developments in cryogenics should lower the..cost of radiosterilized meat products.
1967 Jrnl. Econ. Entomol. LX. 696 (heading)Mating competitiveness in radiosterilized males.
1975 Ibid. LXVIII. 595/2,300 radiosterilized {female} and 4200 radiosterilized {male} were released each evening.
1933 O.E. D.Suppl. s.v. Radio- 2,Radio-surgery.
1963 New England Jrnl. Med. 19 Sept. 597/2In 1954 we set out upon a study in clinical medicine in which these high-energy protons and alpha particles have been used in various forms of so-called ‘bloodless’ surgery, or radiosurgery.
1973 Internat. Jrnl. RadiationBiol. XXIV. 229 (heading)Split⁓brain cats prepared for radiosurgery.
1929 Daily Express 16 Jan. 9/6 Even if the growth should have extended to the glands, radio-surgical methods would offer a good prospect of eradication.
1959 Probl. Oncol. V. 98 (heading)Radio⁓surgical treatment of skin cancer involving a free skin graft.
1973 Internat. Jrnl. RadiationBiol. XXIV. 239A 3 mm beam of protons is too wide for safe radiosurgical use in the rat brain.
1974 A. Henry in R. M. Kirk et al. Surgery xv. 295/2X-rays show an area of radiotranslucency in the metaphysis, which may cross the growth plate to involve the epiphysis.
1959 New Biol. XXX. 25If the process is observed radiologically, the solid lungs become radio⁓translucent rapidly, as if a light has been turned on.
1964 L. Martin Clin. Endocrinol. (ed. 4) iv. 149Destructive bone lesions..cause sharply demarcated radiotranslucent areas in affected bones.
1967 L. Wide et al. in Lancet 25 Nov. 1105/2An in-vitro method, called the radioallergosorbent test, has been developed for the detection of allergen-specific antibodies of a new immunoglobulin class, provisionally called IgND.
Ibid. 1106/1The principle of the method, the radioallergosorbent test (r.a.s.t.) is as follows: an allergen coupled to an insoluble polymer is added to the serum to be investigated, if antibodies to the allergen are present they should react with the conjugate; after the removal of all unbound serum components 125I-labelled anti-IgND antibodies are then added, they will bind to the antibodies of the IgND class which have reacted with the polymer-coupled allergen; the uptake of labelled antibodies, measured in terms of radioactivity, on the particles is essentially proportional to the IgND allergen antibodies.
1971 Internat. Arch. Allergy &Appl. Immunol. XLI. 443The radioallergosorbent test (RAST) was applied for quantitative estimation of IgE antibodies to various common allergens.
1977 Lancet 22 Oct. 847/2 Radioallergosorbent tests..for specific IgE antibody were also positive.
1951 Nucleonics Nov. 60 (heading) A simple inexpensive sample changer for the radioassay of..simple samples.
1963 Analytical Biochem. V. 89The radioassay of cholesterol-C14 digitonide by gas flow technique..using methanol as the solvent for solution and plating.
1970 Steroids XV. 470 The method..requires only a simple extraction and an alumina thin layer chromatographic separation prior to radioassay.
1972 Nature 22 Dec. 463/2 Out of a series of a hundred bars, we have radio⁓assayed seven bars picked at random. [ silver]
1905 Phil. Trans. R.Soc. A. CCIV. 209It may..be supposed that occasionally one of the outlying revolving electrons, comprising the radio-atom, lapses into a position which results in a slow loss of energy from the atom in the form of radiation.
1947 Instruments XX. 712/1 The qualities which make radio⁓atoms (‘hot’ atoms) useful to science and industry make them hazardous to handle.
1941 Jrnl. Appl. Physics XII. 328Slides of radio-autographs showing the distribution of phosphorus in various plant tissues will be shown.
1956 Sci. Amer. Nov. 144/2 (caption)Radioautographs indicate how Isoniazid is concentrated in brain tissue.
1974 K. N. Prasad Human RadiationBiol. xxi. 426For the radioautographs of soluble materials, the tissue sections must be cut in a frozen state and then dried in a vacuum.
1947 Radiology XLIX. 327/2 Extensive radioautographic studies were made of these organs in which a high degree of selective localization took place.
1967 F. O. Schmitt in G. C. Quarton et al. Neurosciences 211/2The radioautographic method using tritiated precursors lends itself well to the determination of the fate of axoplasm moving cellulofugally, both down the axon and possibly out along the dendrites.
1978 Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts &Sci. Feb. 17These radioautographic experiments have revealed that in normal female somatic cells, one member of each pair of X chromosomes always replicates much later than all the other chromosomes including the second X chromosome.
1941 Jrnl. Appl. Physics XII. 446/1Stout and his co-workers have followed the metabolism of inorganic phosphate in the leaves and fruit of the tomato plant by..the technique of radio-autography.
1973 Nature 20 Apr. 523/2 Whole-body radioautography is a useful method for studying the distribution of radio-labelled compounds among all the organs and tissues of an experimental animal.
1952 F. P. W. Winteringham et al. in Nucleonics Mar. 56/1When the radiochromatogram is plotted as net rate of count against distance along the strip, w is proportional to the area enclosed by the relevant part of the curve. [ sc. the total weight of labelled component]
1972 Physics Bull. May 298/1At the 1971 Physics Exhibition Panax showed a unique rapid imaging system which promised to shorten the time to locate the radioactive regions on thin layer radiochromatograms.
1930 Chem. Abstr. XXIV. 1279Recent expts. on solns. of the ‘radiocolloid’ Th C (Bi).
1956 Nature 28 Jan. 184/1 It is more likely..that the high concentration of chromate ions in the resin promotes the formation of a radio-colloid, which is then adsorbed on the resin.
1977 Proc. R.Soc. Med. LXX. 522/2In the normal subject the radio-colloid is taken up avidly by the mono⁓nuclear phagocytes of the liver and only a small amount is taken up by other organs.
1936 O. Hahn Appl. Radiochem. 275/1 (Index),Radiocolloidal particles, size of... Radiocolloidal thorium X.
1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 433/1Some portion..of the radiocolloidal phenomena is due to adsorption of the radioactive ions on particles of dust and solid impurities fortuitously present in the solutions.
1969 New Scientist 25 Sept. 632/1 Radiodating has revealed..that the lunar samples are at least 3100 million years old.
1975 K. H. Goulding in Williams & Wilson Biologist's Guide toPrinc. & TechniquesPract. Biochem. vi. 196The assumptions made in radiodating are sweeping and hence palaeontologists and anthropologists who use this technique can only give very approximate dates to their samples.
1903 Contemp. Rev. May 709In the Periodic table of elements arranged in the ascending order of their atomic weights the three radio-elements are therefore at the extreme end.
1937 Discovery Mar. 65/2 A search for new radio elements of very short life whose existence is suspected.
1967 New Scientist 15 June 675/1 The main problem here is to ensure that dangerous long-lived radio⁓elements are not inadvertently produced.
1971 Science 20 Aug. 728/1 A new type of composite radiohalo has been found with rings attributable both to the 218Po decay sequence and to 212Po and possibly 212Bi.
1974 Nature 13 Dec. 564/1 Polonium radiohaloes occur widely and not infrequently (total about 1015–1020) in Precambrian rocks.
1971 Ibid. 4 June 322/1This protein was radio-iodinated to a specific activity of 0·6 µCi/µg with 125I-iodide.
1955 Ibid. 26 Mar. 536/1 (heading)Radioiodinated human serum albumin.
1970 Ibid. 3 Oct. 58/1Radioiodinated polypeptide hormones are widely used as tracers for both radioimmunoassay and in vivo metabolic studies.
1977 Lancet 13 Aug. 355/1 Dr Chait and his colleagues have studied the metabolism of very-low-density lipoprotein (v.l.d.l.) in a patient with type 111 hyperlipoproteinæmia..by injection of radioiodinated v.l.d.l. from a donor with endogenous hypertriglyceridæmia (type iv).
1957 Jrnl. Laboratory &Clin. Med. XLIX. 128 (heading)A method for radioiodination of antibody protein.
1974 Nature 25 Jan. 175/2 Several groups of investigators have subjected lymphocytes to enzymatic radioiodination of their cell surface proteins.
1972 Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. & Metabolism XXXIV. 130/1Radioligand assays enable the biological activity of hormones at the target cell to be evaluated without the additional and variable effect of metabolism in vivo.
1978 Nature 8 June 472/1 This radio⁓ligand, which has been used in identifying and quantifying β-adrenoreceptors in a variety of intact and disrupted cell preparations, has enabled us to study cellular cyclic AMP accumulation and binding to β-adrenoreceptors in similar experimental conditions.
1947 T. P. Kohman in Amer. Jrnl. Physics XV. 356/2Radionuclide should replace radioelement and radioisotope in most applications.
1963 Engineering 20 Sept. 378/3 The use of short-lived radio⁓nuclides makes it imperative to transfer the sample from the irradiation area to the activity-measuring location as speedily as possible.
1976 J. Follett Doomsday Ultimatum 73What is the exact nature of the radionuclides stored..and what will happen if they are released?
1977 I. M. Campbell Energy & Atmosphere vii. 187The radionuclide 14C is produced naturally in the atmosphere by cosmic radiation but the level was almost doubled by the atmospheric nuclear-weapon testing of the 1960's.
1956 Internat. Jrnl. Appl. Radiation & Isotopes I. 227/2The only disadvantage of the method of measurement is its extreme sensitivity to gamma-emitting impurities, although this can be turned into an asset in the determination of radio⁓purity.
1973 Weed Res. XIII. 340The radiopurity of the isolated metabolites was checked by thin-layer chromatography..and autoradiography.
1965 Amer. Rev. RespiratoryDis. XCII. 959/2 (caption)The per cent of total pulmonary blood flow calculated from the radioscan for the diseased lung.
1966 Amer. Jrnl. Cardiol. XVIII. 819/2The radioscan accurately reflected the pattern of arteriolar⁓capillary blood flow.
1974 Nature 1 Nov. 68/1 The radio⁓purity of these compounds was determined by radioscan of thin layer chromatograms.
1967 B. E. P. Murphy in Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. XXVII. 973/2Such methods have been termed by the author ‘competitive protein binding (CPB) analysis’ and by R. P. Ekins ‘saturation analysis’, but because of their basic similarity to radioimmunoassays..the name ‘radiostereoassay’ has also been suggested as an analogous term which could be applied to both types of assay. [ by the writer]
1974 Nature 22 Feb. 563/2 Before it can act, vitamin D must first be converted to its 25-hydroxy derivative..in the liver, and this chief circulating metabolite can be measured by radio-stereo-assay, thus providing a precise index of vitamin D nutritional status.
1950 Nuclear Sci. Abstr. IV. 398/1Rat erythrocytes were irradiated with 6,030r and then injected subcutaneously..in order to determine the severity and nature of radiotoxic effects.
1975 Nature 27 Mar. 278/3 The dose limit for bone is based on uniformly deposited 226Ra: but Pu, collecting at the bone surface, is considered ∼5 times as radiotoxic.
1946 D. Antony et al. Radiotoxicity of Injected Sr89 for Rats, Mice & Rabbits (U.S. Atomic EnergyComm. Rep. MDDC 1540) 6Radium, hitherto the only substance of which the radio⁓toxicity had been extensively studied.
1961 G. R. Choppin Exper. NuclearChem. ii. 12Some of the commonly used nuclides are listed..according to their relative radio⁓toxicities.
1977 S. L. Barker in B. A. Rhodes Quality Control in NuclearMed. xxviii. 243/1Prepared formulations of long-lived nuclides present no special problems with the exception of possible radiotoxicity.
1950 Mining Engin. Mar. 364/2Radiotracers were demonstrated to be of considerable value in the study of a typical mineral-collector system, dithiophosphate-galena.
1977 Lancet 19 Nov. 1072/2 No abnormal localisation of the radiotracer was observed in muscles of any of the controls.
1906 O. Hahn in Nature 12 Apr. 560/1,I have found that a new product is present in actinium which is intermediate between actinium and actinium X, and..will be called.. ‘radio-actinium’.
1926 R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth'sMan. Radioactivity xxiii. 164The β-radiation of actinium, the existence of which it is necessary to assume in order to explain its transformation into radioactinium, is too weak to be detected.
1955 Bull. Atomic Scientists Oct. 287/3The long-lived useful products radiocaesium and radiostrontium will be separated from the rest of the fission products and concentrated into radioactive sources.
1935 Physical Rev. XLVIII. 571/1During a study of the beta-radiation from a sample of silver radiochloride..it was found possible to follow the decay of the radiochlorine.
1949 Atomics Oct. 75/2 Radio-cobalt and radio-strontium have been used to dissipate charge from textile machinery.
1959 Listener 22 Oct. 675/2 The new knowledge does not only apply to atomic bombs and radio-cobalt but to the mechanisms of biology as well.
1955 Sci. NewsLet. 19 Mar. 184/3A gram of radiogold, costing about $25, can irradiate tissues with the power that would be obtained from a $20,000 chunk of radium.
1938 R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth'sMan. Radioactivity (ed. 2) 303/1 (Index),Radio-iodine.
1940 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXXXI. 135The radio-iodine was prepared by the Berkeley cyclotron and converted to sodium iodide.
1961 Lancet 2 Sept. 551/1, 8 mC of radioiodine was administered..to achieve a permanent remission of the hyper⁓thyroidism.
1970 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. vi. 8/2The rapidity of uptake and the speed with which the plasma is cleared of radioiodine provide measures of the activity of the thyroid gland.
1960 Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. &Med. CIV. 442/2This calculation is based on the assumption that loss of radioiron from liver between 0–3 hrs is negligible.
1903 Phil. Mag. V. 585Thus the radio-lead described by Hoffmann and Strauss and by Giesel cannot be regarded as a new element until it is shown that it has permanent activity of a distinctive character.
1910 Nature 24 Feb. 492/1 The most natural source of polonium is radium D (radio-lead), which grows polonium and has a period of half-transformation of about twenty years.
1910 A. T. Cameron Radiochem. v. 52The lead obtained from pitchblende was strongly and permanently radioactive—hence the name radio-lead.
1926 R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth'sMan. Radioactivity xiv. 118Polonium..can be prepared..from solutions of the salts of radio-lead, which..contains an isotope of bismuth (RaE) and three isotopes of lead (RaD, RaG, Pb).
1941 Jrnl. Appl. Physics XII. 440/2The detection of radio-lead by its radioactivity is more than a million times more sensitive than the ordinary chemical and physical methods.
1938 R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth'sMan. Radioactivity (ed. 2) x. 122For every 107 α-particles of high energy value..only 6 are effective in the activation of aluminium, i.e. in the production of radio⁓phosphorus.
1951 New Biol. X. 36Mosquito larvae grown in water containing phosphorus-32 (radiophosphorus) produce radioactive adults whose presence in a swarm can be picked out immediately.
1963 Ball & Hooper in Schultz & Klement Radioecology 227/1The movement of radiophosphorus through the ecosystem of a cold water stream was studied by adding spikes of approximately 23 millicuries of phosphorus-32 to the water during the summers of 1958, 1959, and 1960.
1973 P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xiv. 207Radiophosphorus has a half-life of 14 days.
1948 Sci. News VII. 38The release of heat from radio⁓potassium must have been 200 times greater than from uranium and thorium combined.
1938 R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth'sMan. Radioactivity (ed. 2) v. 118A 40-fold yield in the preparation of radio-silver.
1971 Nature 10 Dec. 347/1 The reaction 109Ag (n, 2n)108 m Ag does seem to be important in thermonuclear bomb production of radiosilver.
1935 Physical Rev. XLVII. 17Doubtless radio-sodium will find many uses in the physical and biological sciences.
1951 New Biol. X. 39In animals, it has also been shown that radiosodium is actively transferred inwards across a frogskin membrane into a solution of higher sodium concentration than that of the external medium.
1941 Jrnl. Appl. Physics XII. 456/2Radio-strontium has a half-life of 55 days, can be readily prepared in relatively large amounts, and emits very energetic beta-particles.
1946 Chemistry Jan. 20/1 The use of radio-strontium in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma in bone and for other diseases can now be tried in a much larger field than was ever possible before.
1957 New Scientist 9 May 30/1 He..argues that..the level of radio⁓strontium in human bones will eventually rise to between 5 and 20 ‘sunshine units’ if test firings of bombs continue indefinitely at their present rate.
1958 Times 12 Nov. 4/2 A further report will be published shortly by the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, giving the 1957 figures for radiostrontium in soil, herbage, animal bone, and milk samples from the United Kingdom.
1972 Goldman & Bustad ( title)Biomedical implications of radiostrontium exposure.
1904 Technics II. 173/1 There is at present a good deal of evidence that the radio-active substance, separated from pitchblende by Marckwald, and called by him radio⁓tellurium, is in reality the fifth product of the disintegration of the radium atom.
1906 Phil. Mag. XII. 361A bismuth rod coated with radiotellurium was used as a source of α rays.
1962 O. Hahn in Coll. PapersLd. Rutherford I. 168Eventually it turned out that polonium and radiotellurium were identical, and the latter name had to be dropped, although polonium is in fact a higher homologue of tellurium.
1905 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXVIII. ii. 789The author hence considers it very probable that the radioactive power of thorium is to be attributed to small quantities of this element, radiothorium. [ sc. Ramsay]
1921 Phil. Mag. XLI. 572A much weaker source of α rays was obtained by dipping a nickel plate for a few seconds in a more dilute solution of radio⁓thorium.
1950 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) X. 435/1The term radiothorium is loosely applied to the mixture of isotopes that can be separated from natural thorium and which contain the bulk of its activity. Such radiothorium consists of a mixture of meso-Th1, meso-Th11, radium, and actinium isotopes, respectively, Th-X, a radium isotope, and their decay products, including true radiothorium or 228 Th.
1935 Radiochloride . [ see radiochlorine in (i) above]
1951 New Biol. X. 40A sample of blood is withdrawn and mixed with radiophosphate, in the form of sodium or chromium phosphate.
1952 Ibid. XIII. 64The addition of anti-thyroid substances to the incubating fluid resulting in a diminished formation of radiothyroxine and radiodiiodotyrosine.
1963 Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. LXXXVII. 208/1One hundred microcuries of sodium radiochromate is added and the mixture allowed to incubate at room temperature for 25 minutes.
1977 Lancet 5 Feb. 303/2 We infer that the clots were formed after radio-fibrinogen had been administered.
1898 Tit-Bits 28 May 175/3 M. Branly, whose ‘radioconductor’ or ‘coherer’ is used by Marconi in his wireless telegraph.
1906 S. R. Bottone tr. Mazzotto's WirelessTelegr. & Telephony vii. 166Branly gave the name of ‘radio-conductors’ to the tubes with filings, a name which some prefer, as it only points to the fact, leaving the true nature of the phenomenon unexplained.
1962 Nature 18 Aug. 649/1 The Ford Foundation has announced the grant of 550,000 dollars to the Radio⁓physics Division of the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization for the construction of a radioheliograph for photographing the sun in its natural radio emission.
1966 New Scientist 7 Apr. 27/1 The main circle of the radioheliograph will observe events in the Sun's atmosphere with all the detail and definition to be expected from a dish aerial of the same diameter.
1973 Sci. Amer. Oct. 72/3Spatial structure in the corona is studied on a second-by-second basis by a radioheliograph composed of 96 linked antennas each 45 feet in diameter at Culgoora in Australia.
1932 Nature 31 Dec. 1006/1 What is believed to be the first kind of such radio-meteorograph was devised a few years ago by Prof. Moltchanoff, of Leningrad, records of temperature and pressure being obtained in several test ascents in January, 1930.
1944 C. P. Lent RocketRes. 74/2Improved balloons and radiometeorographs..are now being developed by meteorologists.
1934 Monthly Weather Rev. LXII. 221 (heading)Radiometeorography as applied to unmanned balloons.
1974 R. Rodman tr. Al'pert's Radio Wave Propagation & Ionosphere (ed. 2) II. p. ix,Various radiophysical and radio-engineering problems.
1961 Flight LXXX. 531/1 From the point of view of Soviet radiophysicists and astronomers the West Ford project, if carried out, may have consequences dangerous to artificial satellites, and especially to those with a man on board.
1929 Compt. Rend. des Séances des Commissions (Union Radio Scientifique Internationale) II. 29/2 The Commission of Radiophysics held in Brussels in 1928.
1947 Nature 18 Jan. 103/1 The Division of Radiophysics was formed early in the War. [ of the Australian Council for Scientific and Industrial Research]
1960 Rodman & Varsavsky tr. I. S. Shklovsky's Cosmic Radio Waves i. 11It is shown in radiophysics that if a receiving antenna is used as a transmitting antenna the power radiated by it in each direction will have the same angular dependence A(θ,ϕ).
1976 Nature 24 June 663/1 The Australian Journal of Physics has had a reputation..for specialising in radiophysics and high energy physics.
1946 Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers LXV. 865/1The accuracy and stability of the airborne radio telemetering equipment depend upon a high degree of stability of the plate supply.
1949 Electronic Engin. XXI. 209/1The data..is transmitted to the ground by radio telemetering methods.
1974 Physics Bull. Oct. 443/2Launch and subsequent collection of data by radiotelemetric methods demand access to major ground facilities.
1976 L. Brown Birds of Prey 60Advanced radiotelemetric techniques may be the only method of learning much detail about many forest raptors.
1951 Rev. Sci. Instruments XXII. 2/1Almost every application of radio telemetry involves some form of multiplexing— i.e. , the transmission of several channels of information by the same radio carrier.
1967 E. L. Gruenberg Handbk. Telemetry & Remote Control iv. 2The development of radio telemetry has been principally centered around the drone and missile programs of the armed forces.
1974 Country Life 13 June 1572/2 Roding behaviour and its purpose are still not fully understood, and until radiotelemetry or a similar technique is used to discover what different individuals are doing, we have to watch and guess.
1939 H. K. Morgan Aircraft Radio &Electr. Equipment xii. 325It may be that by 1945 it will be considered profitable to equip transports with a tape or page radio teletype.
1949 Koestler Promise & Fulfilment ii. iii. 236Communications..are rather precarious, depending as they do on the vagaries of the American consul's radio teletype.
1976 S9 ( N.Y. ) May/June 137 (caption)Bart also monitors RTTY (radioteletype) and amateur radio SST (slow-scan television) signals.
radio-
word-forming element meaning 1. "ray, ray-like" (see radius); 2. "radial, radially" (see radial, adj.); 3. "by means of radiant energy" (see radiate, v.); 4. "radioactive" (see radioactive); 5. "by radio" (see radio, n.).
ORIGIN: from radius radio noun radioactive radiation -o-
☞ radio
radio-
combining form
Etymology: French, from Latin radius ray — more at ray
1.
a. : radial : radially
< radiosymmetrical >
< radiolitic >
b. : radial and
< radiobicipital >
2.
a. : radiant energy : radiation
< radioactive >
< radiodermatitis >
b. : radioactive
< radioelement >
c. : radium : X rays
< radiotherapy >
d. : radioactive isotope especially as produced artificially
< radiocarbon >
e. : radio
< radiotelegraphy >
< radiophotograph >
1.
a.
< radiosymmetrical >
< radiolitic >
b.
< radiobicipital >
2.
a.
< radioactive >
< radiodermatitis >
b.
< radioelement >
c.
< radiotherapy >
d.
< radiocarbon >
e.
< radiotelegraphy >
< radiophotograph >
radio-
Prefix
- radiation
- radio (broadcasting)
- anatomy radius (bone)
Etymology
Latin radius (“ray”)
Derived terms
English words prefixed with radio-