with-

Word Origin

a combining form of with, having a separative or opposing force:

withstand; withdraw.

Origin

Middle English, Old English. See with

Related Words

withdraw
within
widthwise
withal
withdrawal
withdrawn

with-prefixal use of with, separative or opposing, as in withdraw, withstand.

[Middle English and Old English. See with]

with-representing OE. wiþ- (see with prep.) used as a prefix to verbs (and derived ns.) with the meanings: (1) away, back, as in OE. wiþbláwan to blow away, wiþfaran to escape, wiþgán to disappear, wiþtéon to withdraw; so withdraw, withhold; a few modern words come under this heading, which are formed by substituting with- for re-, as withcall; (2) away from one, as in several OE. verbs meaning ‘reject’, ‘refuse’, wiþcéosan, wiþcweþan, wiþhoᵹian, wiþlecgan, wiþsacan withsake v., wiþweorpan; (3) against, in opposition, as in OE. wiþfeohtend adversary, wiþhabban to resist, wiþlicgan to oppose, wiþsprecan to contradict, wiþstandan withstand v.; (4) together, in withjoin.The following is a list of the less important verbal formations (transitive verbs except where otherwise marked); mostly obs. (see quots.).† withbere [bear v.¹], to carry away; see also b; † withboȝt pa. pple. [buy v.] redeemed; † withbrast pa. tense [burst v.] intr. burst asunder; † withbreide [OE. wiþbreᵹdan, braid v.¹], to withdraw; † withbuwe [bow v.¹], to avoid; withcall, to recall; † withclepe, to recall, revoke, repeal; † withdrive, to drive away, repel; † withhuhe [OE. wiþhoᵹian], to despise; † withjoin, to join together, conjoin (intr. and trans.); † withleft pa. pple. left behind; † withlosen pa. pple. [leese], lost; † withnay [nay v.; cf. renay], to deny, refuse; † withnim [= L. reprehendere; see nim v.], to reprove, rebuke; † withpass, to escape the lips of; † withquethe, to deny, contradict, refuse; † withscape, to escape; † withschadowid pa. pple., darkened; † withschild [shield v.], in God w., God forbid; † withscore, to cut away, detach; † withshonte [shunt v.], intr. to shrink back; † withslip, to escape; † withsoȝt pa. tense [seek v.], pursued, persecuted; † withsperre v. [spar v.¹], to bar (the way); † withstad, -sted pa. pple. [stead v.], beset; † withstarte [start v. 6], intr. to escape; withstay [stay v.¹ III], to hold back, oppose, withstand; † withstew [stew v.¹], to check; withstrain, † (a) to constrict; (b) to restrain; † withtee [tee v.¹], to withdraw; refl. and intr. to abstain; † withtelle, to gainsay; † withturn, to avert.c1500Melusine 196 Other thing ye shal not haue ne *with⁓bere fro me.1340Ayenb. 186 Alle we byeþ *wiþboȝt of one zelue pris.1448–9J. Metham Amoryus & Cl. 1520 The dragon..*with brast in þe myddys.c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. (1900) 203 Þara oðre se cniht *wiðbræd..& þa oðre brohte to ðam Godes men.c1000ælfric Hom. I. 88 Ðæt hi heora handa fram ðam blodes gyte ne wiðbrudon.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 11 In wunne stude þu hauest her ofte helle; & bute þu wið-breide þe, bredes te þat oðer.a1225Ancr. R. 116 Uorte *wiðbuwen sunne.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 52 Hwase þencheð on al þis,..& nule wiðbuhe þet þing þet hit al of awakeneð.1901J. Prior Forest Folk x. 105 Do yo *withcall them saving tears shed years and years agoo, Sister Morris?1904‘H. S. Merriman’ Flotsam xiv. 159 The troops were withcalled.13..K. Alis. 1301 Y *withclepe and withstonde Theo truage of Grece londe.1340Ayenb. 189 Uor alle time y-confermed ne neure in none time wyþcleped.Ibid. 215 Þer me ssel wyþ-clepie his herte to him.1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 267 He..wiþ ⁓cleped al þat was i-doo by his predecessour.c1440Promp. Parv. 530/2 Wythe clepyn', or reuokyn.1617Holyoke Rider's Dict., To Withclepe, revoco.c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xciii[i]. 13 [14] Næfre *wiðdrifeð Drihten ure his aᵹen folc.1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters ii. ii. A ij/2 The same [Sorell] water withdryueth impetigines.a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2864 Nalles nerᵹendes hæse *wiðhoᵹode.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 53 Nule wiðhuhe þat þing þat hit al of awakeneð.c1450Merlin 282 Holde we vs to-geder cloos and make semblaunte as we wolde *with Ioyne.1630J. Hayward Edw. VI, 10 It had bin agreed..they should withjoyne forces.c1375Cursor M. 4403 (Fairf.) Hys mantel ys *wiþleft [Cott. bileft] wiþ me.a1300Ibid. 10855 (Cott.) Ne sal þe nawight be *wit-losen Þe maidenhed þat þou hast chosen.Ibid. 14109 Þe better lott has mari chosen, Þat hir mai nagat be withlosin.13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 915 As þou art gloryous with-outen galle, *With-nay þou neuer my ruful bone.c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1151 If thai withnay Her fruit.c1450Brut ii. 480 Then she withneyed and withseyd all the poyntez þat were put.a1315Shoreham Poems vii. 308 By ryȝtte he myȝtte be *wyþ-nome Ryȝt ase a qued.13..S.E. Leg. (MS. Bodl. 779) in Herrig Archiv LXXXII. 374/297 Ic am a-knowe þat ic whyl-er þe wit-nom amys.1340Ayenb. 17 Þe more þet me him wy[þ]nimþ and blameþ..þe more he him wreþeþ.Ibid. 66 Efter þan comeþ þe wyþnymynges,..huanne me atwyt ane man oþer his zennes.c1340Nominale (Skeat) 290 Woman thretith and withnemyth.a1340Hampole Psalter xxxviii. 2 Þat nane reprouabil word *withpassid me.c888ælfred Boeth. x. §1 Ne mæᵹ ic na *wiðcweðan ne andsa⁓ciᵹan þæt þe þu me ær sædest.c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 137 He wið-quað and sede Non sum ego christus.a1300Cursor M. 20726 *Witschap scho vs, we sal ha blam.a1400Sir Degrev. (Linc. MS.) 1180 (Luick) Withscapid nane hym fra.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xl. (Tollem. MS.), [Light] putteþ nouȝt it selfe deep into a body þat is *with⁓schadowid [orig. umbrosi].a1300Cursor M. 2893 Godd *wit schild ȝe do þat sin.13..Ibid. 5011 (Gött.).1340Ayenb. 254 *Wyþscore [MS. Bodl. 283 fol. 178 kit a weye] and wyþdraȝ þine willes and zete ane brydel to þine couaytises.a1400Pistill of Susan 231 (Cott. MS.) Sche *withe⁓shonte for no shame.a1300Cursor M. 12900 Moght it nangat þe *witslip Þat he-self said o þi wirscip.c1375Ibid. 16196 (Fairf.) Herode..asked him..Quy þai him squa *wiþsoȝt [Cott. bisoght].1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 15660 Toward þe southe he wolde haue fled, But Edwyn his weye *wyþ-sperd.Ibid. 13503 Þat weye þey haue vs *wyþ-sted Þat y scholde ȝow haue inne y-led.14..Tundale's Vis. 1628 (MS. A.) In grett povertte was he *wiþstadde.c1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 204, I knowe wele I may nat *with-starte, I have so doone, I ought to dreede.1854S. Dobell Balder iii, Death, careful of my learning, hath *withstayed His final presence.1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche May v, It fill'd the passage of the rising glade, And there withstay'd the sun in dazzling sheen.Ibid. July xix, There was no repentance coud atone For her dishonour, nor her fate withstay.c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Heore uuel þe heo doð þu aȝest to hetiene and *wið-stewen.c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 65 Þat poudre *wiþstreyneþ [orig. constringit] þe blood.1904Ryle Holy Script. & Crit. 122 With difficulty is the multitude withstrained from doing sacrifice.c897ælfred Gregory's Past C. xxxvi. 254 Balaham..wolde feran ðær hiene mon bæd, ac his estfulnesse *wiðteah se esol þe he onuppan sæt.c1175Lamb. Hom. 143 Þa þe heom wið-teoð of flesliche lustes.c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Þe lichames festing is wiðtiȝing of estmetes.Ibid. 79 Þat he us wissie to wið-tien of alle flesliche lustes.c1275Lay. 13242 Nas þar neuere man so bold þat þis wolde *wiþ-telle.1563Mirr. Mag., Ld. Hastings lxxxvii, God of Justyce had *withturnd that fate.b. In the earlier version of the Wycliffite Bible it is used in nonce-formations modelled upon L. compounds of con-, co-: see quots.withheeȝing [hie v.¹, to hasten] is an erron. rendering of L. cum festinatione with haste. withhilden covered over [hill v.¹] represents a L. compound of ob-.1382Wyclif Isa. lxii. 9 Thei..that *with bern [comportant] it, shul drinken in myn hoeli porches.― Ecclus. xii. 19 Many thingus grucchendeli whistrende shal *with chaunge [commutabit] his chere.Ibid. i. 24 Kunnyng and vnderstonding of prudence wisdam shal *with departen [compartietur].― Ps. xxxi[i]. 4, I am turned in my myseise, whil *with ficchid [configitur] is the thorn.― Gen. xxiv. 59 The *withfolweris [comites] of hyr.― Ps. lxxvii[i]. 33 The ȝeeris of hem [failiden] in *withheeȝing.― Pref. Ep. vii. 70 Micheas of Moraschym, the *witheire [coheres] of Crist.― Gen. vii. 24 The watris of the flood..*with hilden [obtinuerunt] the erthe.― Gen. xxi. 6 Who so euer shal here shal *with lawe to me [corridebit mihi].― Ecclus. li. 15, I shal preisen thi name bysyly, and I shal *withpreisen [collaudabo] it in confessioun.― Gen. xxii. 3 Abraham on the nyȝt *with rysynge [consurgens], diȝte his asse.

with- /wɪð/ prefix (no longer productive). OE.

ORIGIN: Old English wiþ-.

Prefixed to verbs and verbal derivs. (few of which survive) with the senses (a) ‘away, back’, as withdraw, withhold; (b) ‘against, in opposition’, as withstand.

☞ with

with-

Prefix

Prefix meaning "against", "in opposition to".

withfight, withstand, withset, withsay, withspeak
Prefix meaning "back", "back around", "in reverse", "in return".

withbuy, withcall, withdraw, withdrive, withgive, withhold, withturn
Prefix meaning "off", "out", "away", "from".

withbear, withgive, withgo, withhang, withsave, withseek
Prefix meaning "with", "along with", "together (with)".

withgang, withjoin, withtake

Etymology

From Middle English with-, from Old English wiþ- (“against, away”, prefix), from wiþ (“with, by, near, against, beside, at, through, for, in return, opposite, towards, to”, preposition). Cognate with Danish ved-, Swedish vid-, Faroese við-, Icelandic við-. Related also to English wither-, and Dutch weder- (“back”), German wider- (“against”), German wieder- (“again”). More at with.

Derived terms

English words prefixed with with-

前缀：with- 表示“向后, 相反”

withdraw 撤消，撤退（with+draw拉→向相反拉→撤退）

withdrawn 隐退（with+drawn被拉→被拉回去→隐退的）

withhold 阻止（with+hold拿住→拿住不让向前→阻止）

前缀：with- 向后、相反

withdraw 撤回，撤退

withstand 抵抗，反抗

withhold 阻止

前缀：with-

【词根含义】：向后,背离,相对

【同源单词】：notwithstanding, withdraw, withhold, withstand

词汇	with-
词根词缀	Dictionary.com Macquarie OED SOED WBD Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots with- Word Origin 1 a combining form of with, having a separative or opposing force: withstand; withdraw. Origin Middle English, Old English. See with Related Words withdraw within widthwise withal withdrawal withdrawn with-prefixal use of with, separative or opposing, as in withdraw, withstand. [Middle English and Old English. See with] with-representing OE. wiþ- (see with prep.) used as a prefix to verbs (and derived ns.) with the meanings: (1) away, back, as in OE. wiþbláwan to blow away, wiþfaran to escape, wiþgán to disappear, wiþtéon to withdraw; so withdraw, withhold; a few modern words come under this heading, which are formed by substituting with- for re-, as withcall; (2) away from one, as in several OE. verbs meaning ‘reject’, ‘refuse’, wiþcéosan, wiþcweþan, wiþhoᵹian, wiþlecgan, wiþsacan withsake v., wiþweorpan; (3) against, in opposition, as in OE. wiþfeohtend adversary, wiþhabban to resist, wiþlicgan to oppose, wiþsprecan to contradict, wiþstandan withstand v.; (4) together, in withjoin.The following is a list of the less important verbal formations (transitive verbs except where otherwise marked); mostly obs. (see quots.).† withbere [bear v.¹], to carry away; see also b; † withboȝt pa. pple. [buy v.] redeemed; † withbrast pa. tense [burst v.] intr. burst asunder; † withbreide [OE. wiþbreᵹdan, braid v.¹], to withdraw; † withbuwe [bow v.¹], to avoid; withcall, to recall; † withclepe, to recall, revoke, repeal; † withdrive, to drive away, repel; † withhuhe [OE. wiþhoᵹian], to despise; † withjoin, to join together, conjoin (intr. and trans.); † withleft pa. pple. left behind; † withlosen pa. pple. [leese], lost; † withnay [nay v.; cf. renay], to deny, refuse; † withnim [= L. reprehendere; see nim v.], to reprove, rebuke; † withpass, to escape the lips of; † withquethe, to deny, contradict, refuse; † withscape, to escape; † withschadowid pa. pple., darkened; † withschild [shield v.], in God w., God forbid; † withscore, to cut away, detach; † withshonte [shunt v.], intr. to shrink back; † withslip, to escape; † withsoȝt pa. tense [seek v.], pursued, persecuted; † withsperre v. [spar v.¹], to bar (the way); † withstad, -sted pa. pple. [stead v.], beset; † withstarte [start v. 6], intr. to escape; withstay [stay v.¹ III], to hold back, oppose, withstand; † withstew [stew v.¹], to check; withstrain, † (a) to constrict; (b) to restrain; † withtee [tee v.¹], to withdraw; refl. and intr. to abstain; † withtelle, to gainsay; † withturn, to avert.c1500Melusine 196 Other thing ye shal not haue ne with⁓bere fro me.1340Ayenb. 186 Alle we byeþ wiþboȝt of one zelue pris.1448–9J. Metham Amoryus & Cl. 1520 The dragon..with brast in þe myddys.c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial.* (1900) 203 Þara oðre se cniht wiðbræd..& þa oðre brohte to ðam Godes men.c1000ælfric Hom.* I. 88 Ðæt hi heora handa fram ðam blodes gyte ne wiðbrudon.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 11 In wunne stude þu hauest her ofte helle; & bute þu wið-breide þe, bredes te þat oðer.a1225Ancr. R. 116 Uorte wiðbuwen sunne.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 52 Hwase þencheð on al þis,..& nule wiðbuhe þet þing þet hit al of awakeneð.1901J. Prior Forest Folk* x. 105 Do yo withcall them saving tears shed years and years agoo, Sister Morris?1904‘H. S. Merriman’ Flotsam* xiv. 159 The troops were withcalled.13..K. Alis. 1301 Y withclepe and withstonde Theo truage of Grece londe.1340Ayenb. 189 Uor alle time y-confermed ne neure in none time wyþcleped.Ibid. 215 Þer me ssel wyþ-clepie his herte to him.1387Trevisa Higden* (Rolls) VI. 267 He..wiþ ⁓cleped al þat was i-doo by his predecessour.c1440Promp. Parv. 530/2 Wythe clepyn', or reuokyn.1617Holyoke Rider's Dict., To Withclepe, revoco.c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xciii[i]. 13 [14] Næfre wiðdrifeð Drihten ure his aᵹen folc.1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters* ii. ii. A ij/2 The same [Sorell] water withdryueth impetigines.a1000Cædmon's Gen. 2864 Nalles nerᵹendes hæse wiðhoᵹode.c1230Hali Meid. (1922) 53 Nule wiðhuhe þat þing þat hit al of awakeneð.c1450Merlin 282 Holde we vs to-geder cloos and make semblaunte as we wolde with Ioyne.1630J. Hayward Edw. VI, 10 It had bin agreed..they should withjoyne forces.c1375Cursor M. 4403 (Fairf.) Hys mantel ys wiþleft [Cott. bileft] wiþ me.a1300Ibid. 10855 (Cott.) Ne sal þe nawight be wit-losen Þe maidenhed þat þou hast chosen.Ibid. 14109 Þe better lott has mari chosen, Þat hir mai nagat be withlosin.13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 915 As þou art gloryous with-outen galle, With-nay þou neuer my ruful bone.c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1151 If thai withnay Her fruit.c1450Brut ii. 480 Then she withneyed and withseyd all the poyntez þat were put.a1315Shoreham Poems* vii. 308 By ryȝtte he myȝtte be wyþ-nome Ryȝt ase a qued.13..S.E. Leg. (MS. Bodl. 779) in Herrig Archiv* LXXXII. 374/297 Ic am a-knowe þat ic whyl-er þe wit-nom amys.1340Ayenb. 17 Þe more þet me him wy[þ]nimþ and blameþ..þe more he him wreþeþ.Ibid. 66 Efter þan comeþ þe wyþnymynges,..huanne me atwyt ane man oþer his zennes.c1340Nominale (Skeat) 290 Woman thretith and withnemyth.a1340Hampole Psalter xxxviii. 2 Þat nane reprouabil word withpassid me.c888ælfred Boeth.* x. §1 Ne mæᵹ ic na wiðcweðan ne andsa⁓ciᵹan þæt þe þu me ær sædest.c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 137 He wið-quað and sede Non sum ego christus.a1300Cursor M. 20726 Witschap scho vs, we sal ha blam.a1400Sir Degrev. (Linc. MS.) 1180 (Luick) Withscapid nane hym fra.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. viii. xl. (Tollem. MS.), [Light] putteþ nouȝt it selfe deep into a body þat is with⁓schadowid [orig. umbrosi].a1300Cursor M. 2893 Godd wit schild ȝe do þat sin.13..Ibid. 5011 (Gött.).1340Ayenb. 254 Wyþscore [MS. Bodl. 283* fol. 178 kit a weye] and wyþdraȝ þine willes and zete ane brydel to þine couaytises.a1400Pistill of Susan 231 (Cott. MS.) Sche withe⁓shonte for no shame.a1300Cursor M. 12900 Moght it nangat þe witslip Þat he-self said o þi wirscip.c1375Ibid. 16196 (Fairf.) Herode..asked him..Quy þai him squa wiþsoȝt [Cott. bisoght].1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace* (Rolls) 15660 Toward þe southe he wolde haue fled, But Edwyn his weye wyþ-sperd.Ibid. 13503 Þat weye þey haue vs wyþ-sted Þat y scholde ȝow haue inne y-led.14..Tundale's Vis. 1628 (MS. A.) In grett povertte was he wiþstadde.c1460Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 204, I knowe wele I may nat with-starte, I have so doone, I ought to dreede.1854S. Dobell Balder iii, Death, careful of my learning, hath withstayed His final presence.1885–94R. Bridges Eros & Psyche* May v, It fill'd the passage of the rising glade, And there withstay'd the sun in dazzling sheen.Ibid. July xix, There was no repentance coud atone For her dishonour, nor her fate withstay.c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Heore uuel þe heo doð þu aȝest to hetiene and wið-stewen.c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 65 Þat poudre wiþstreyneþ [orig. constringit] þe blood.1904Ryle Holy Script. & Crit. 122 With difficulty is the multitude withstrained from doing sacrifice.c897ælfred Gregory's Past C. xxxvi. 254 Balaham..wolde feran ðær hiene mon bæd, ac his estfulnesse wiðteah se esol þe he onuppan sæt.c1175Lamb. Hom. 143 Þa þe heom wið-teoð of flesliche lustes.c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 63 Þe lichames festing is wiðtiȝing of estmetes.Ibid. 79 Þat he us wissie to wið-tien of alle flesliche lustes.c1275Lay. 13242 Nas þar neuere man so bold þat þis wolde wiþ-telle.1563Mirr. Mag., Ld. Hastings lxxxvii, God of Justyce had withturnd that fate.b. In the earlier version of the Wycliffite Bible it is used in nonce-formations modelled upon L. compounds of con-, co-: see quots.withheeȝing [hie v.¹, to hasten] is an erron. rendering of L. cum festinatione* with haste. *withhilden* covered over [hill v.¹] represents a L. compound of ob-.1382Wyclif Isa. lxii. 9 Thei..that with bern [comportant] it, shul drinken in myn hoeli porches.― Ecclus.* xii. 19 Many thingus grucchendeli whistrende shal with chaunge [commutabit] his chere.Ibid. i. 24 Kunnyng and vnderstonding of prudence wisdam shal with departen [compartietur].― Ps. xxxi[i]. 4, I am turned in my myseise, whil with ficchid [configitur] is the thorn.― Gen.* xxiv. 59 The withfolweris [comites] of hyr.― Ps.* lxxvii[i]. 33 The ȝeeris of hem [failiden] in withheeȝing.― Pref. Ep.* vii. 70 Micheas of Moraschym, the witheire [coheres] of Crist.― Gen.* vii. 24 The watris of the flood..with hilden [obtinuerunt] the erthe.― Gen.* xxi. 6 Who so euer shal here shal with lawe to me [corridebit mihi].― Ecclus.* li. 15, I shal preisen thi name bysyly, and I shal withpreisen [collaudabo] it in confessioun.― Gen.* xxii. 3 Abraham on the nyȝt with rysynge [consurgens], diȝte his asse. with- /wɪð/ prefix (no longer productive). OE. ORIGIN: Old English wiþ-. Prefixed to verbs and verbal derivs. (few of which survive) with the senses (a) ‘away, back’, as withdraw, withhold; (b) ‘against, in opposition’, as withstand. ☞ with with- Prefix Prefix meaning "against", "in opposition to". withfight, withstand, withset, withsay, withspeak Prefix meaning "back", "back around", "in reverse", "in return". withbuy, withcall, withdraw, withdrive, withgive, withhold, withturn Prefix meaning "off", "out", "away", "from". withbear, withgive, withgo, withhang, withsave, withseek Prefix meaning "with", "along with", "together (with)". withgang, withjoin, withtake Etymology From Middle English with-, from Old English wiþ-* (“against, away”, prefix), from wiþ (“with, by, near, against, beside, at, through, for, in return, opposite, towards, to”, preposition). Cognate with Danish ved-, Swedish vid-, Faroese við-, Icelandic við-. Related also to English wither-, and Dutch weder- (“back”), German wider- (“against”), German wieder- (“again”). More at with. Derived terms ► English words prefixed with with- 前缀：with- 表示“向后, 相反” withdraw 撤消，撤退（with+draw拉→向相反拉→撤退） withdrawn 隐退（with+drawn被拉→被拉回去→隐退的） withhold 阻止（with+hold拿住→拿住不让向前→阻止）前缀：with- 向后、相反 withdraw 撤回，撤退 withstand 抵抗，反抗 withhold 阻止前缀：with- 【词根含义】：向后,背离,相对【同源单词】：notwithstanding, withdraw, withhold, withstand
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