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词汇 thio-
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thio- 或 thi-
pref.（前缀）
  1. Containing sulfur, used especially of a compound in which oxygen has been replaced by a divalent sulfur:
    硫：，尤用于氧被二价硫取代的化合物：
    thiourea.
    硫脲

语源
  1. Greek theio-
    希腊语 theio-
  2. from theion [sulfur]
    源自 theion [硫磺]
thio- or (before a vowel) thi-

combining form

indicating that a chemical compound contains sulphur, esp denoting that a compound is derived from a specified compound by the replacement of an oxygen atom with a sulphur atom
⇒ thiol
⇒ thiosulphate

Origin

from Greek theion sulphur

thio-

Word Origin
1
a combining form meaning “sulfur,” used in chemical nomenclature in the names of compounds in which part or all of the oxygen atoms have been replaced by sulfur; often used to designate sulfur analogues of oxygen compounds.
Also, especially before a vowel, thi-.
Origin
combining form representing Greek theîon

Related Words

  • azathioprine
  • disulfiram
  • methiocarb
  • thi-
  • thioacetamide
  • thioacetic
thio-a word element used in chemical nomenclature to indicate the replacement of part or all the oxygen atoms in a compound by sulphur, often used to designate sulphur analogues of oxygen compounds.
Also, thi-. [combining form representing Greek theion sulphur]
thio-
⇨ see thi-
thio-
/ˈθaɪəʊ/  
combining form
Chemistry denoting replacement of oxygen by sulphur in a compound
【化】表示“硫”, “硫代”：

thiosulphate.

词源
from Greek theion 'sulphur'.
thio-|θaɪəʊ|also before a vowel thi-,repr. Gr. θεῖον sulphur; a formative element in names of things containing or connected with sulphur.1. in Chem. (See also thiol-, thion-.) In names of compounds containing sulphur = sulpho-.In systematic nomenclature restricted to those in which one or more atoms of sulphur take the place of one or more of oxygen in the substance designated by the rest of the name; e.g. thiacetic acid C2H3O.SH, from acetic acid C2H3O.OH, tri-thiocarbonic acid H2CS3, from carbonic acid H2CO3. So thio-acid, -alcohol, -aldehyde, -ether, -salt; also thio-antiˈmonic, thio-antiˈmonious, thio-arˈsenic, thio-arˈsenious, thio-lactic, thio-phosphoric, thio-phosphoryl, thio-stannic, thio-tungstic, etc. But many names do not conform exactly to this systematic use.The following are the chief combinations of thio-.thiˈacetate, a salt of thiacetic acid. thiaˈcetic a., in thiacetic acid (C2H3O.SH), a colourless liquid boiling at 93°C. thi-ˈacid = thio-acid. thiˈaldine [aldehyde + -ine5], a crystalline substance, NH:2(CHCH3.S):CHCH3, produced by passing hydrogen sulphide into a solution of aldehyde ammonia. ˈthialol [alcohol + -ol 3], a name for diethyl disulphide, (C2H5)2S2, a colourless oily compound, having an odour like garlic. ˈthiamide, generic name for substances formed by replacing the oxygen of an amide by sulphur, as thiacetamide, CH3CS.NH2, from acetamide, CH3CO.NH2. ˈthiazine [azine], any of a class of dyes that contain a ring of one nitrogen, one sulphur, and four carbon atoms in the molecule, such as thionine and methylene blue. thiazole [azo- + -ole, -ol 3; ad. G. thiazol (Hantzsch & Weber 1887, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XX. 3118)], N{btr2}{bbr1} CH.CH:{btc1}S.CH, a liquid boiling at 117°C.; also, any of the substituted derivatives of this compound. ˈthienyl [contr. of thiophenyl, proposed 1883 by V. Meyer], the radical C4H3S contained in thiophene, C4H4S. ˈthio-ˌacid, ˈthi-ˌacid, an acid in which oxygen is replaced by sulphur. thio-ˈalbumose, a deutero-albumose containing a large amount of sulphur. thio-ˈalcohol, a compound of the nature of an alcohol in which sulphur takes the place of oxygen, as mercaptan, C2H5.SH, analogous to ethyl alcohol, C2H5.OH. thioˈcarbamate, a salt of thiocarbamic acid. thiocarˈbamic a., in thiocarbamic acid, NH2.CO.SH and NH2.CS.OH: now distinguished as thiolcarbamic and thioncarbamic acids: see thiol-, thion-. thioˈcarbamide, CS(NH2)2 or HS.C(NH2):NH, a crystalline substance melting at 170°C. thioˈcarbonate, a salt of thiocarbonic acid. thiocarˈbonic a., in thiocarbonic acid: in derivatives, as mono-thiocarbonic acid, di-thiocarbonic acid, tri-thiocarbonic acid: the last, H2CS3, is a dark yellow strongly smelling oil, very easily decomposed by heating into CS2 and H2S; esters of dithiocarbonic acid, H2COS2, and of monothiocarbonic acid, H2CO2S, are known. thioˈcarbonyl, the radical (CS){pp}, in which the oxygen of carbonyl (CO){pp} is replaced by sulphur. thioˈcarbylamine = iso-thiocyanic acid, CHNS, = C{b3}N.SH. thioˈcholine, the sulphur analogue of choline, HS·CH2CH2N(CH3)3OH, or a derivative in which the hydroxyl group is replaced by an organic radical. thiocresol |θaɪəʊˈkrɛsəl|, a compound with the formula CH3:C6H4SH, of which there are three modifications, two crystalline and one liquid. thioˈcyanate, a salt of thiocyanic acid. thiocyˈanic a., in thiocyanic acid, N{vddd}C.SH = cyanic acid, N{vddd}C.OH, in which oxygen is replaced by sulphur; a liquid with a penetrating odour. thiocyˈanogen, the radical CNS of thiocyanic acid; in comb. thiocyano-. thioˈester, the sulphur analogue of an ester, containing the group {b1}CO·S{b1}. thio-ˈether, any compound in which an atom of sulphur is bonded to two organic radicals. thioˈformic a., in thioformic acid, H2COS, a crystalline substance melting at 120°C. thioglyˈcollic (also -glycolic) acid [tr. G. thioglycolsäure (P. Claesson 1877, in Ann. d. Chem. CLXXXVII. 113): see glycollic, glycolic a.], a colourless liquid, CH2(SH)·COOH, that is a strong reducing agent used as a reagent for detecting ferric iron; so thioglyˈcol(l)ate, a salt or ester of this acid, esp. the sodium salt, used in culture media to produce anaerobic conditions. thioˈketone, a sulphur analogue of a ketone, containing the group >CS. thioˈnaphthene, a colourless crystalline compound, C8H6S, consisting of benzene, C6H6, of which two atoms of H are replaced by CH:CH.S. ˈthionate, a salt of a thionic acid. thionic |θaɪˈɒnɪk| a., in thionic acids, group name for the acids represented by the formula H2SnO6, where n = 2, 3, 4, 5, and perhaps 6. These acids are called dithionic, trithionic, tetrathionic, pentathionic, and hexathionic acid. ˈthionine, a brownish-black dye, SC12H9N3, crystallizing in plates, called phenylene violet, or Lauth's v., and largely used to stain microscopic objects. thioˈnurate, a salt of thionuric acid. thionuric |θaɪəˈn(j)ʊərɪk| a. [f. Gr. θεῖον + uric], in thionuric acid, CO:2(NH.CO):CH.NH.SO3H, formed by the action of ammonia and sulphurous acid on alloxan in aqueous solution. ˈthionyl [-yl], the radical (SO){pp}: so named in 1857 by Schiff (Annalen der Chem. und Pharm. CII. 113). ˈthiophene (also thiophen), C4H4S, a colourless liquid with an odour like benzene, occurring in benzene from coal-tar to the extent of about 0.5 per cent.; hence thioˈphenic a., in thiophenic acid, C4H3S.CO2H, derived from thiophene. thioˈphenol, a colourless liquid, C6H5SH (= phenol with S in place of O), with the odour of garlic. ˈthiophthene [naphthene], a colourless oily compound, C6H4S2, obtained by the distillation of citric acid with P2S3. ˌthioreˈsorcin, also thioreˈsorcinol, C6H4(SH)2, a yellowish-grey substance, used medicinally as a substitute for iodoform. ˌthiosaliˈcylic a., in thiosalicylic acid, HOC6H4CO(SH), a brownish-yellow amorphous substance, used in medicine as an antiseptic. thio-salt, a salt of a thio-acid, as a thiosulphate. ˌthiosemiˈcarbazide [semicarbazide], a colourless crystalline compound, H2N·CS·NH·NH2, used esp. as a rodenticide and as a stabilizer in organic liquids. ˌthiosemiˈcarbazone, any of a class of compounds analogous to the semicarbazones, the oxygen being replaced by a sulphur atom. thioˈsinamine [L. sinapis mustard + amine] = allyl-thio-urea, C3H5NH.CS.NH2, a crystalline substance produced by the action of ammonia on allyl mustard oil. thioˈsulphate, a salt of thiosulphuric acid; formerly called hyposulphite. thiosulˈphuric a., in thiosulphuric acid, H2S2O3, an acid only known in solution and soon decomposing, the salts of which are stable, and are applied in bleaching and photography; it is sulphuric acid, H2SO4, in which one atom of oxygen is replaced by sulphur; formerly called hyposulphurous acid. thioˈtepa, -TEPA [tepa], the thio analogue, PS(N(CH2)2)3, of tepa, used in the treatment of cancer. thioˈtoluene [toluene] = methylthiophene, C4H3(CH3)S, a colourless oily compound, found as an impurity in crude toluene; two isomeric forms are known. thioˈuracil, a mercapto derivative of uracil that has been used to depress the activity of the thyroid gland; 4-hydroxy-2-mercaptopyrimidine, C4H4N2OS. thio-urea |θaɪəʊˈjʊəriːə|, CS(NH2)2 or HS.C (NH2):NH = thiocarbamide. thioˈxanthene, † -en, a tricyclic crystalline compound, C13H10S, that is the sulphur analogue of xanthene; also, any of a class of derivatives of this that includes several antipsychotic tranquillizers similar to the phenothiazines. thioˈxanthone [xanthone], C13H8OS, crystallizing in yellow needles. thioxene |θaɪˈɒksiːn|, thioxylene |θaɪˈɒksɪliːn| [named thioxene by Victor Meyer (Ber. Deut. Chem. Ges. 1884, xvii. 789)] = dimethylthiophene, C4H2(CH3)2S, found as an impurity in xylene; there are several isomeric forms.1854Kekulé in Proc. Roy. Soc. VII. 38 *Thiacetic Acid,—Sulphuretted Acetic Acid—has been obtained by me by acting on monohydrated acetic acid with tersulphide of phosphorus.1847Wöhler & Liebig in Mem. Chem. Soc. III. 303 A new organic alkali free from oxygen..which we call *thialdine..contracted from θεῖον and aldehyde.1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1952 *Thiamides..may be conveniently prepared by the action of phosphorus sulphide..on amides.1893Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Jan. 4 The original colour quickly reappears on exposure to air: Azine-, Oxazine-, *Thiazine-, and Acridine-Colours.1971R. L. M. Allen Colour Chem. viii. 130 Thiazine dyes are used on cellulosic fibres, silk, bast fibres, leather and paper.1888Hantzsch & Weber in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LIV. 256 *Thiazole is the name given to [these] isomeric compounds.Ibid. LIV. 574 Thioamides condense with α-halogen-substituted ketones to form thiazoles.1956I. L. Finar Org. Chem. II. xii. 451 A general method for preparing thiazoles is the condensation between α-halogenocarbonyl compounds..and thioamides.1885Peter Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVIII. 141 *Thiënylmethylacetoxime C4H3S.CMe:NOH..forms a white crystalline mass.1882Will Ibid. XLII. 1088 *Thiocarbamates... A continuation of the author's researches.1878Guareschi Ibid. XXXIV. 860 *Thiocarbamide CS (NH2)2 [etc.] when oxidised by permanganate likewise yield all their sulphur in the state of sulphuric acid.1891Anthony's Photogr. Bull. IV. 397 Prof. J. E. Reynolds, who was the original discoverer of the rinsing sulphur urea, now known as thio-carbamide.1883Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLIV. 405 The use of potassium *thiocarbonate as a remedy against phylloxera.1887Ibid. LI. 272 The conversion of *thiocarbonyl chloride into thiocarbonyl tetrachloride by the assimilation of two atoms of chlorine takes place at ordinary temperatures.1929Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan IV. 176 *Thio-choline bromide was prepared by heating bromocholine bromide with 2-thio-uracil or 4-methyl-2-thio-uracil with water.1980Sci. Amer. Apr. 37/3 Nerve gas in the sampled air inhibits the enzyme, just as it would in the human body, resulting in a drop in the thiocholine level, which triggers the alarm.1877Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXII. 869 *Thiocyanates of the acid radicles are prepared by the action of acid chlorides on dry lead thiocyanate.Ibid. 423 Action of Nascent *Thiocyanic Acid on Alcohol.1952Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CXCVI. 545 These results thus confirm the conclusions of Lynen and Reichert that the acetyl group of acetyl CoA is attached, in *thioester linkage, to the thioethanolamine portion of the CoA molecule.1979Nature 1 Mar. 86/1 The role of ATP and other energy-rich phosphates is considered in detail and this is followed by a study of thioesters including coenzyme A derivatives.1889G. M'Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. iv. 94 The *Thio-ethers, also termed alkyl sulphides, e.g. ethyl sulphide, (C2H5)2S, are..neutral volatile liquids.1979Nature 20–27 Dec. 808/2 Each haem is linked, as in cytochrome c, to the apoprotein by two thioether bonds.1857Jrnl. Chem. Soc. IX. 185 *Thioformic acid crystallises from formic acid, or from boiling alcohol, in slender needles.1877Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXII. 595 Carius obtained an acid of the formula H.C2H2(HS)O2, which he called monosulphoglycollic acid. Some uncertainty was attached, however, to the constitution of the product of this reaction, and the author now shows that both *thioglycollic acid, H.C2H2(HS)O2, and thiodiglycollic acid..are produced.1980A. L. Smith Microbiol. & Path. (ed. 12) v. 64/1 Thioglycollate broth, a special medium containing thioglycollic acid, supports the growth of anaerobes..without special seal.1877Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXII. 595 Potassium *thioglycollate..crystallises in masses of small needles, and is readily soluble in water and alcohol.1976Nature 24 June 652/1 Much early work was concerned with the evaluation of different methods for breaking disulphide bonds, and procedures were developed using..sodium thioglycollate.1889G. M'Gowan tr. Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. 542/1 (Index), *Thio-ketones.1965New Scientist 30 Dec. 921/2 The thioketones (compounds containing the > C = S group) are in general red oils with intense nauseating smells.1878Chem. News 20 Dec. 294/2 (heading) Notes on certain *thionates.1938Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) II. 574/2 All thionates are decomposed by heat, yielding generally sulphates, sulphur dioxide, and, except with dithionates, sulphur.1880Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXVII. 593 A qualitative reaction, by which pentathionic acid is clearly distinguished from any other of the *thionic acids.1886Jrnl. Chem. Soc. L. 53 The addition of strong hydrochloric acid does not turn the solution blue, as is the case with *thionine.1956Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) XI. 590/1 Lauth had already indicated that bright blue dyes could be obtained by methylating thionine but such a process was not economic.1976Nature 1–8 Jan. 60/2 Feulgen reaction carried out on the specimens treated with..thionin and exposed to light gave differential staining.1839Thomson British Ann. 377 *Thionurate of zinc.Ibid., *Thionuric acid.1874Watts Dict. Chem. V. 779 Thionuric acid..forms a crystalline mass, consisting of fine needles.1866Chem. News 9 Mar. 117/1 M. Wurtz presented a note ‘On the Synthesis of Chloride of *Thionyle’.1874Watts Dict. Chem. V. 780 Thionyl. SO.—The radicle of the sulphurous compounds: e.g., sulphurous chloride, (SO){pp}Cl2 = chloride of thionyl.1883Meyer in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLIV. 1091 A substance contained in Coal-tar Benzene..to which the author has given the name of *thiophene.1903A. J. Walker tr. Hollemans' Textbk. Org. Chem. 500 Thiophen can be synthesized by various methods, the most important being the interaction of succinic acid and pentasulphide of phosphorus.1932I. D. Garard Introd. Org. Chem. xiii. 183 Coal tar benzene always contains thiophene, C4H4S, which boils at 85° and is therefore not readily removed by distillation.1951Engineering 23 Nov. 667/3 Thiophen cannot be removed from [town] gas by any practical chemical method.1967M. J. Janssen Organosulfur Chem. i. 10 Benzene derivatives are much less readily hydrogenated than thiophene.1899Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thiophenol,..phenyl mercaptan.Ibid., *Thioresorcin,..a popular substitution of resorcin... Used as a dusting powder.1894Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVI. i. 76 (heading) Derivatives of *thiosemicarbazide.1971Chem. Abstr. LXXIV. 74835 Thiosemicarbazide..given i.p. to mice did not affect the incorporation of intraventricularly administered..putrescine-2HCl..into γ-aminobutyric acid in the brain.1902Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXII. 572 The *thiosemicarbazones of aldehydes and ketones readily yield insoluble copper, silver and mercury derivatives, which can be used for the purpose of isolating these compounds.1979Cancer Res. XXXIX. 4601/1 The isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been shown to be potent inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase.1853Ure Dict. Arts I. 32 *Thiosinnamine.1881Piesse & Stansell in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XL. 207 Thiosinamine is an oily substance at 100°, but gradually solidifies when cold.1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 198 The solution of a *thiosulphate.1874Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVII. 771 The close relation between the thiosulphates and sulphates is shown by the formulæ— SO2SNaONa and SO2ONaONa. 1873Watts Fownes' Chem. 204 *Thiosulphuric Acid is scarcely known.1874Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXVII. 770 On the Constitution of Hyposulphurous (Thiosulphuric) Acid.1953Arch. Internal Med. XCII. 629 The purpose of this communication is to present our preliminary experience in the treatment of..human leukemias..with triethylene thiophosphoramide (*ThioTEPA).1976Nature 13 May 135/1 Criticism of the use of the alkylating agent thiotepa (triethylene thiophosphoramide) to sterilise mosquitoes, as part of an eradication programme in India, focused on its toxicity and the possibility that it or its breakdown products would harm other animal components of the food chain.1885Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLVIII. 251 A Simple Method of obtaining *Thiotolene.1905Wheeler & Bristol in Amer. Chem. Jrnl. XXXIII. 458, 2-*Thiouracil... This compound was first obtained.. when pseudoethylthiourea, containing some thiourea, was condensed with ethyl sodium formylacetate.1977Martindale's Extra Pharmacopœia (ed. 27) 304/1 Thiouracil was formerly used in the control and treatment of thyrotoxicosis and in the preparation of patients for thyroidectomy.1894Muir & Morley Watts' Dict. Chem. IV. 710 Formed by adding Br to an alcoholic or cold aqueous solution of *thio-urea.1911Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XCIX. 145 In order to obtain this sulphoxide [sc. diphenylmethane o-sulphoxide], *thioxanthen was oxidised with hydrogen dioxide in acetic anhydride solution.1924‘Chem. Age’ Chem. Dict. 148/2 Thioxanthenes, derivatives of thioxanthene.1945Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 659 (heading) Action of oxygen in sunlight on thioxanthen.1885Ibid. XLVIII. 251 A simple method of obtaining..*thioxylene.2. In pharmaceutical and other terms.thiaˈcetazone [acetyl + semicarbazone], a semicarbazone used as a bacteriostatic drug in the treatment of tuberculosis and leprosy; 4-acetamidobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, C10H12N4OS. ˈthiobacillus Biol. [mod.L., coined in Ger. (M. W. Beijerinck 1904, in Centralbl. f. Bakteriol. II Abt. 597)], a rod-shaped Gram-negative autotrophic bacterium deriving energy from the oxidation of sulphur and certain sulphur compounds, and belonging to the genus Thiobacillus. thiobacˈteria, name proposed by Migula for sulphur and iron bacteria mostly found in seawater and soils. ˈthiocamph [camphor], a fluid disinfectant, used for fumigation, formed by the action of sulphur dioxide on camphor. ˈthiochrome Biochem. [ad. G. thiocrom (R. Kuhn et al. 1935, in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. CCXXXIV. 196), f. Gr. χρῶµα colour], a yellow basic solid, C12H14N4 OS, that has a strong blue fluorescence in solution and is formed when thiamine is oxidized in a procedure for the estimation of the latter. ˈthiocol [guaiacol], a preparation of guaiacol, used in lung diseases. ˈthioform [after chloroform], trade-name of a basic bismuth di-thiosalicylate, as an antiseptic for wounds. thioˈgenic a. [-gen 1 + -ic], producing sulphur, spec. applied to bacteria which produce free sulphur by the oxidization of sulphuretted hydrogen. Thiˈogenol, trade-name of a solution of sodium sulphonate as a medical wash. Thiokol, a proprietary name for various polysulphide rubbers and liquids. ˈthiolin [L. līnum flax], trade-name of a dark-green substance prepared from linseed oil by the action of sulphur; hence thioˈlinic acid. thioˈmersal [mercury n. + salicylate n.], a bacteriostatic and fungistatic organomercury compound used as a disinfectant for the skin and internally and as a preservative for biological products; sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate, H5C2·Hg·S·C6H4COONa; cf. Merthiolate. thioˈnazin [pyr)azin(yl in the systemic name, f. pyro- + azo- + -in1 + -yl], an insecticide and nematocide, (C2H5O)2·PS·O·C4N2H3. thioridazine |-rɪˈdeɪziːn| [f. piperidine + azine], a phenothiazine derivative, C21H26N2S2, that is a white or yellow powder and is given orally as a tranquillizer, esp. in cases of schizophrenia and mania. Thioˈsapiol, -sapol [L. sapo soap], -ˈsavonal, trade-names of soap containing sulphur in chemical combination. thioˈthixene [f. thi(o)x(anth)ene], a derivative, C23H29N3O2S2, of thioxanthene given orally as an anti-psychotic drug. ‖ ˈThiothrix [Gr. θρίξ hair], a genus of sulphur bacteria found in sulphur springs.1952Lancet 1 Mar. 436/2 Para-acetamidobenzaldehyde Thiosemicarbazone. [Note] This substance..is marketed under various names;..*thiacetazone, &c.1976MacGillivray & Hall in G. S. Avery Drug Treatment xiv. 382/2 Massive breast enlargement has been seen with isoniazid regimens containing thiacetazone.1951Biol. Abstr. XXV. 811/2 It was possible to isolate *thiobacilli capable of changing hyposulfides into sulfates.1973Nature 11 May 99/2 Thiobacilli, iron bacteria and algae can survive in acidic water of about pH 2.1900A. C. Jones tr. Fischer's Str. & Funct. Bacteria 65 The sulphur bacteria, *Thiobacteria, whose cells are often crammed full of spherical refringent masses of pure sulphur, occur in nature in places where free sulphuretted hydrogen is present.Ibid., Thiobacteria can be found at any time of the year, but are most abundant in the early spring and late autumn.1899Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thiocamph..on exposure evolves sulphur dioxide in steady fumes.1935Chem. Abstr. XXIX. 6242 When crude lactoflavin is made alk., the fluorescence changes from yellowish green to blue. This phenomenon is due to the presence of a S-contg. pigment for which the name *thiochrome is proposed.1963Steyn-Parvé & Monfoort in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XI. i. 16 The thiochrome method is based on the observation..that oxidation with alkaline ferricyanide converts thiamine into a compound with intense blue fluorescence: thiochrome... The thiochrome is extracted..and the fluorescence of the extract measured.1899Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thioform..a light yellowish powder, without odour or taste..has..been introduced into surgery with promising success.1910Brickdale Guide Newer Remedies 60 A dithiosalicylate..has been..named Thioform.1930Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 20 May 555/2 *Thiokol for sulfur-containing plastic material used in the manufacture of gaskets,..protective coatings, and like products.1936Industr. & Engin. Chem. Mar. 275/1 Various olefin-polysulfide reaction products.., under the trade name of Thiokols, have been presented to the industry.1943Trade Marks Jrnl. 8 Dec. 525/1 Thiokol... Thermo-setting or thermo-plastic condensation products of the nature of rubber, being compounds of or containing sulphur, and articles (not included in other Classes) made therefrom. Thiokol Corporation.., Trenton, New Jersey.1972Materials & Technol. V. xiv. 491 All thiokols are originally obtained in latex form, and as such they have found some industrial applications as an impregnant for textiles and leather.1894Remington Pract. Pharm. (ed. 3) 1433 *Thiolin. Salts of thiosulphonic acid. Salt of thiolinic acid. Sulphonated and sulphurated linseed oil.1899Syd. Soc. Lex., Thiolin, *thiolinic acid.1958Brit. Pharmacopœia 675 *Thiomersal should be protected from light.1968Wilson & Schild Appl. Pharmacol. (ed. 10) xxxvi. 671 Phenylmercuric nitrate, thiomersal (merthiolate), and other organic mercurials, have a better therapeutic index than mercuric chloride.1964B.S.I. News Mar. 23 *Thionazin.1974Martin & Worthing Pesticide Man. (Brit. Crop Protection Council) (ed. 4) 488 Thionazin is a soil insecticide and nematicide effective against..nematodes,..root maggots and..aphids.1959Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics CXXVI. 312 (heading) Some neuro⁓pharmacological properties of *thioridazine hydrochloride (Mellaril).1899Syd. Soc. Lex., *Thiosa·piol, a sulphuretted soap, containing 10 per cent. of sulphur, obtained by heating sulphur and oleic acid together... A successful application to many skin diseases.1965Simpson & Iqbal in Current Therapeutic Res. VII. 697 (heading) A preliminary study of *thiothixene in chronic schizophrenics.1976Smythies & Corbett Psychiatry x. 194 Thiothixene is a potent and effective antipsychotic agent in acute and chronic schizophrenia.3. Used attrib. as an independent word (without hyphen), denoting the presence of a sulphur atom, usu. in place of one of oxygen.1879Chem. News 24 Oct. 204/2 (heading) Organic thio compounds.1926Chem. Abstr. XX. 364 An investigation of the chemistry of the thio ketones as compared with that of the ordinary O ketones.1955Kirk & Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. XIV. 61 Thio amides may react in either the thiono form, RC(:S)NH2, or the tautomeric thiol form, RC(:NH)SH.1980J. W. Cooper Spectroscopic Techniques Organic Chemists vi. 186 Amino, cyano, and thio groups.Add:[1.] ˌthiodiˈglycol [a. G. Thiodiglykol (V. Meyer 1886, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XIX. 3259)], a dihydric alcohol, (CH2CH2OH)2S , used in the preparation of mustard gas.1887Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LII. 228 *Thiodiglycol is obtained by treating a concentrated aqueous solution of potassium sulphide with glycol chlorhydrin.1988Economist 4 June 22/3 At the crudest level it [sc. mustard gas] can be produced by stirring two chemicals—hydrogen chloride and thiodiglycol—together in a vat.[2.] ˌthioˈguanine, a thio analogue of guanine with cytotoxic properties, given orally in the treatment of leukaemia.1953Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CCIV. 38 The preparation of *thioguanine completely free from guanine has proved difficult.1962Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10 Mar. 791/1 The drug used in this study, 6-thioguanine, is an adenine analogue closely related to 6-mercaptopurine.1977Cancer XL. 998/1 The introduction of cytosine arabinoside..and 6-thioguanine..significantly improved the therapy of AML [sc. acute myeloblastic leukaemia] in adults.1988New Scientist 22 Oct. 27/2 These drugs, 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine, are still used in the treatment of leukaemia.
thio- /ˈθʌɪəʊ/ combining form. Before a vowel also thi-, thion-. Also as attrib. adjective thio.
ORIGIN: from Greek theion sulphur: see -o-.
Of, pertaining to, or containing sulphur; spec. in Chemistry, forming names of compounds containing sulphur, esp. in place of oxygen in a molecular structure.
 DERIVATIVE thiaˈcetazone noun [acet(yl, semicarb)azone] Pharmacology a semicarbazone used as a bacteriostatic drug to treat tuberculosis and leprosy M20.
thiazide noun [az(ine, ox)ide] Pharmacology any of a class of sulphur-containing drugs that increase the excretion of sodium and chloride and are used as diuretics and auxiliary hypotensive agents M20.
thiazine noun [azine] any of a class of dyes (e.g. thionine and methylene blue) whose molecules contain a ring of one nitrogen, one sulphur, and four carbon atoms L19.
thiazole noun [azo-, -ol] Chemistry a foul-smelling liquid whose molecule is a ring of one nitrogen, one sulphur, and three carbon atoms L19.
thiaˈzolidine noun [-idine] Chemistry a liquid, C3H7NS, whose molecular structure is that of thiazole with an additional hydrogen atom attached to the nitrogen and each carbon atom; any compound containing this ring structure in its molecule: E20.
thio-acid noun (Chemistry) an acid, esp. an organic acid, in which one or more oxygen atoms in the molecule are replaced by divalent sulphur L19.
thio-ˈalcohol noun (Chemistry) a thiol having an ·SH group attached to an alkyl or cycloalkyl residue (cf. thiophenol) E20.
thiobacˈterium noun = sulphur bacterium s.v. sulphur noun E20.
thioˈcarbamate noun (Chemistry) a salt of the ion NH2CSO⁻ or a substituted derivative of this ion L19.
thioˈcarbamide noun (Chemistry) = thiourea L19.
thiochrome noun (Biochemistry) a yellow basic solid, C12H14N4OS, formed by oxidation of thiamine and having a strong blue fluorescence in solution M20.
thiˈoctic adjective [oct(ano)ic]: thioctic acid (Chemistry), any of a series of isomeric fatty acids whose molecules contain eight carbon atoms and a ring formed by a disulphide group; esp. = lipoic acid: M20.
thioˈcyanate noun (Chemistry) a salt or ester of thiocyanic acid L19.
thiocyˈanic adjective: thiocyanic acid (Chemistry), an unstable liquid, N·CSH, with a penetrating odour, the parent acid of thiocyanates L19.
thiodiˈglycol noun (Chemistry) a dihydric alcohol, (CH2CH2OH)2S, used as a solvent and in chemical syntheses, including that of mustard gas L19.
thioˈester noun (Chemistry) the thio analogue of an ester, containing the group ·CO·S· M20.
thio-ˈether noun (Chemistry) a compound in which an atom of sulphur is bonded to two organic radicals. L19.
thioˈguanine noun (Biochemistry) a cytotoxic mercapto derivative of guanine, used to treat leukaemia (also more fully 6-thioguanine) M20.
thioˈketone noun (Chemistry) a thio analogue of a ketone, having the general formula RR'C=S (where R and R' are alkyl groups) L19.
Thiokol noun (proprietary name for) any of various polysulphide rubbers and liquids M20.
thioˈmersal noun [mer(cury, sal(icylate] a bacteriostatic and fungistatic organomercury compound, C9H9O2SHgNa, used as a medical disinfectant and as a preservative for biological products M20.
thionazin /-ˈneɪzɪn/ noun [pyr)azine] an organophosphorus compound, C8H13N2O3PS, used as an agricultural insecticide and nematocide M20.
thionine noun a brownish-black dye, C12H9N3S, used esp. as a stain in microscopy L19.
thionyl noun (Chemistry) the divalent group or radical :SO M19.
thiophanate /θʌɪˈɒfəneɪt/ noun [formed as allophane + -ate1] a colourless crystalline compound, C6H4(NH·CS·NH·COOC2H5)2, used chiefly as a veterinary anthelmintic; thiophanate-methyl, an analogue of thiophanate containing methyl in place of the ethyl groups, used as a systemic fungicide, esp. in agriculture: L20.
thiophene noun [after benzene] Chemistry a colourless flammable liquid, C4H4S, whose molecule is a five-membered ring and which occurs in coal tar and petroleum L19.
thioˈphenol noun (Chemistry) a thiol having an ·SH group attached directly to a benzene ring (cf. thio-alcohol); spec. the simplest of these, C6H5SH, a colourless liquid smelling of garlic: L19.
thioreˈdoxin noun [redox] Biochemistry any of several globular proteins which participate in intracellular electron transfer by means of the sulphydryl groups of cysteine residues M20.
thioridazine /-ˈdeɪzi:n/ noun [pipe)rid(ine, azine] Pharmacology a phenothiazine derivative, C21H26N2S2, used as a tranquillizer, esp. in the treatment of mental illness M20.
thiosemiˈcarbazide noun (Chemistry) the thio analogue, NH2·CS·NH·NH2, of semicarbazide, used esp. as a rodenticide and as a stabilizer in organic liquids L19.
thiosemiˈcarbazone noun (Chemistry) a thio analogue of a semicarbazone, the oxygen of the latter being replaced by sulphur E20.
thioˈsulphate noun (Chemistry) any of the salts or esters of thiosulphuric acid, several of which are used in bleaching and photography (formerly called hyposulphite) L19.
thiosulˈphuric adjective: thiosulphuric acid (Chemistry), an unstable acid, H2S2O3, which is known only in solution and is the parent acid of thiosulphates L19.
thioˈtepa noun (Pharmacology) the thio analogue of tepa, used to treat cancer M20.
thioˈuracil noun (Chemistry & Pharmacology) a mercapto derivative of uracil, sometimes used to inhibit thyroid secretion E20.
thio-
combining form. sulfur (replacing oxygen atoms in the designated oxygen compound) as in thioarsenate, thiocyanate. Also, sometimes thi- before vowels.
[< Greek theîon sulfur]
thio-
— see thi-

thio-

Prefix

  1. chemistry containing sulfur / sulphur, especially a compound in which oxygen has been replaced by this element

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θεῖον (theîon, “Sulfur”)

Derived terms

  • disodium aurothiomalate
  • thioacetal
  • thioacrolein
  • thioaldehyde
  • thioanhydride
  • thiobenzaldehyde
  • thiocarbamide
  • thiocarbonylchloride
  • thiocarboxylic acid
  • thiocyanate
  • thiocyanic acid
  • thioether
  • thioformaldehyde
  • thioglucose
  • thiohemiacetal
  • thioketone
  • Thiokol
  • thiol
  • thiolate
  • thiomalate
  • thionic
  • thionyl
  • thionylamine
  • thiopental sodium
  • thiophene
  • thiophosgene
  • thioridazine
  • thiosinamine
  • thiosulfate, thiosulphate
  • thiosulfide, thiosulphide
  • thiosulfuric acid, thiosulphuric acid
  • thiotepa
  • thiouracil
  • thiourea
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