thermo- 或 therm-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Heat:
热：
thermochemistry.
热化学 - Thermoelectric:
热电的：
thermojunction.
热接头
语源
- From Greek thermē [heat]
源自 希腊语 thermē [热] - from thermos [warm, hot] * see g wher-
源自 thermos [暖，热] *参见 g wher-
thermo- or (before a vowel) therm-
combining form
related to, caused by, or measuring heat
⇒
thermodynamics
⇒
thermophile
Origin
from Greek thermos hot, thermē heatthermo-
Word Origin
1
a combining form meaning “heat,” “hot,” used in the formation of compound words:
thermoplastic.
Also, therm-, -therm.
Origin
< Greek, combining form of thermós hot, thérmē heat
Related Words
- barothermohygrograph
- bathythermogram
- stenothermophile
- stenothermophilic
- thermae
- thermoacidophile
thermo-variant of therm-, before consonants, as in thermochemistry.
thermo-
combining form
⇨ see therm-
combining form
⇨ see therm-
thermo-
combining form
- relating to heat表示“热”：
-
thermodynamics
thermoelectric.
词源
from Greek thermos 'hot'， thermē 'heat'.
1890 Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry IX. 113The heat evolved by mixing the oil with sulphuric acid is determined by means of the..apparatus named by the author ‘*Thermeleometer’. [ F. Jean in J.Pharm. Chim. (1889) XX. 337]
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. ,*Thermoæsthesia.
1890 Billings Nat. Med. Dict. ,*Thermo-anæsthesia.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 47There was complete thermo-anæsthesia below the second rib.
1881 Raymond MiningGloss. ,*Thermo-aqueous, produced by, or related to, the action of heated waters.
1891 Cent. Dict. ,*Thermobarograph.
1864 Webster, *Thermobarometer, a barometric instrument graduated for giving altitudes by the boiling point of water.
1868 Watts Dict. Chem. V. 761Thermobarometer... Applied by Belloni to a syphon-barometer having its two wide legs united by a narrow tube, so that it could be used either in its ordinary position as a barometer, or in the reversed position as a thermometer.
1849 Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 427In order to effect the decomposition of water, Mr. Watkins employs a massive *thermo-battery, with pairs of bismuth and antimony.
1888 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. ,*Thermo-calcite.
1895 Funk's Standard Dict. ,*Thermo-call.
1902 Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. ,Thermo Call, (a) An electric alarm or call bell operated by thermo-electric currents... (b) See Thermo-electric Call.
1879 Bryant Pract. Surg. II. 6The galvano⁓caustic or *thermo-cautery is superior to any.
1907 Daily News 13 Nov. 11/1 The adoption of this method of telephony was made possible by the invention of a *thermo-cell for use in the receiving circuit.
1895 Funk's Stand. Dict. ,*Thermochaotic.
1898 Nat. Science May 297As regards the production of the *Thermocline, Prof. Birge believes that, in Lake Mendota at least, it is due to the concurrence of gentle winds and hot weather.
1902 Nature 6 Nov. 16/1 Throughout the circulating water above the thermocline, oxygen was abundant, but carbonic acid was absent... Just below the thermocline both gases were present.
1955 Sci. NewsLet. 2 Apr. 217/1Investigations off the coast of California showed that skin divers can spot thermoclines, the layers of water which mark the sharp change in water temperature, in three different ways.
1973 Sci. Amer. Feb. 42/3The coastal waters of Nova Scotia are characterized by a marked thermocline (a sharp drop in temperature as the depth increases), so that a free-swimming fish might encounter a wide range of water temperature.
1973 P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xxxiii. 470The animals have to feed in the warm surface waters..but they go down to cold water below the thermo⁓cline in daytime.
1938 Yale Jrnl. Biol. &Med. X. 575The *thermocoagulated layers are completely ‘resorbed’ within four months.
1933 J. G. Dusser de Barenne in Science 2 June 547/1This method of laminar *thermo⁓coagulation of the cerebral cortex, as it might be called, results..in a sharply localized, selective destruction of the nervous elements.
1974 Nature 4 Jan. 58/2 The destruction of the area postrema was performed by sight through the occipital foramen by thermocoagulation.
1976 Ibid. 22 Apr. 660/2The *thermocoagulative lesions were aimed at various limbic tracts, and each estimated at 6 mm in diameter.
1965 Wireless World July 337/2 Typically this is done by *thermo-compression bonding of extremely thin gold or aluminium wires to the electrodes and terminal posts.
1972 Physics Bull. Mar. 154/1Circuits can now be made with..active components subsequently soldered or thermocompression bonded to the microstrip.
1979 A. L. Lydersen Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer xi. 323The waste heat is often available at a temperature which is too low for direct use in the process. However, it may be utilized in conjunction with thermocompression.
1849 Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 428Dr. Andrews..succeeded in obtaining chemical decompositions, by this peculiar *thermo-current.
a1859 G. Wilson Relig. Chem. (1862) 16A sleeper in a confined chamber could gain nothing from the winds, or thermo-currents, or the far-off sea.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Thermo-diffusion, diffusion (of gas) by inequalities of temperature.
1927 Techn. Bull. N.Y. StateAgric. Exper. StationNo. 130. 6*Thermoduric spore-forming bacteria are common types in pasteurized, sterilized, and boiled milk.
1946 Nature 23 Nov. 755/1 Working with suspensions of Staph. aureus, thermoduric micrococci, and spores of B. subtilis, we found that..solutions of low pH were more germicidal than at higher pH. [ of hypochlorite]
1975 Campbell & Marshall Sci. of providing Milk for Man xxiii. 501Bacteria that survive specific heat treatments are usually said to be thermoduric (heat-tolerant).
1909 Cent. Dict. ,Suppl. ,*Thermodynamometer.
1903 Science Abstracts VI. 130 To represent the *thermo-elastic properties of gases, liquids, and solids as the statical properties of monocyclic systems.
1842 Francis Dict. Arts, etc.,Clarke's..*Thermo-Electrometer,..an instrument which professes to ascertain the deflagrating, or heating power of an electric current.
1849 Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 247The instrument employed was a Harris's thermo-electrometer.
1890 Lond. ,Edin. & Dubl.Philos. Mag. Feb. 146*Thermoelectromotive forces are..expressed in terms of a fixed standard, the torsional rigidity of the platinum wire.
1895 Funk's Stand. Dict. ,*Thermo-electroscope.
1888 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. ,*Thermo-element.
1891 Cent. Dict. ,*Thermo-excitory.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,Thermo-excitory, having the function of exciting the production of heat.
1854 J. Scoffern in Orr'sCirc. Sc. ,Chem. 118A *thermo-expansive material.
1903 Science 27 Feb. 333 A study of the *thermo-focal changes in long focus lenses.
1958 Times Rev. Industry Aug. 57/2Machine..for *thermoforming..industrial parts.
1972 Sci. Amer. Aug. 9 (Advt. ),By helping the *thermoformer with mold modifications and adjustments to equipment and operating conditions which enabled him to produce high quality parts economically.
1978 Detroit Free Press 5 Mar. c–14/7 ( Advt. ),Machinist assembler, parts and stock man, and a thermo-former.
1963 Simonds & Church Conc. Guide to Plastics (ed. 2) vii. 182There are seven basic techniques for the *thermo⁓forming of plastics sheet.
1972 Sci. Amer. Aug. 9 (Advt. ),By supplying the sheet extruder with a high molecular weight Marlex thermoforming resin ideally suited for the production of large thick sheet.
1978 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. b–19/1 (Advt. ),We are seeking manager for our model-making dept. in thermoforming.
1867 Chambers' Encycl. IX. 401/2Special galvanometers..in which the coil wire is short..and thick..are called *thermo-galvanometers.
1902 Sloane Stand. Electr. Dict. App. ,Thermo-Galvanometer, a galvanometer whose needle is suspended in a special form of thermo-electric couple..used to measure small amounts of radiant energy.
1895 C. L. Madsen ( title)*Thermo-geographical Studies: General Exposition of the Analytical Method applied to Researches on Temperature and Climate.
1897 Ibid. Advt. ,Articles on the subject of *Thermo-Geography will be most thankfully received.
1942 H. U. Sverdrup et al. Oceans xiii. 509When examining the circulation that arises because of the external factors influencing the density of the surface waters, one must take changes of both temperature and salinity into account, and must consider not the thermal but the *thermohaline circulation. [ of the waters of the oceans]
1963 G. L. Pickard Descriptive PhysicalOceanogr. vii. 107The ocean circulation can be divided into two parts, the thermohaline and the wind-driven components.
1978 Nature 13 July 151/1 The observed distribution patterns of late Quaternary sapropels favour the hypothesis of periodically altered basin-wide thermohaline circulation entrained by regionally important climatic and eustatic changes.
1964 Oceanogr. & MarineBiol. II. 135When a basin is permanently stagnant, the redox discontinuity may rise to the level of the *thermo-halocline, as is well known in the Black Sea.
1976 Nature 2 Sept. 23/1 Mechanism and rate of molecular exchange across a well developed thermo⁓halocline have been studied thoroughly.
1949 R. J. W. Reynolds in J. M. Preston Fibre Science xvii. 318The final products may be *thermo-hardened by a suitable cross-linking treatment.
1933 Archit. Rev. LXXIII. 266/1The elaborate laboratory researches into the nature of thermo-plastic and *thermo-hardening materials.
1961 J. N. Anderson Appl. Dental Materials (ed. 2) xxi. 220The Bakelite type of resin is called thermohardening or thermoset as..heat is applied to cure the resin.
1881 Peale in 12thRep. U.S. Geol. &Geog. Survey II. (1883) 355*Thermo-hydrology.
1884 Athenæum 16 Aug. 211/2 The chapters on ‘Thermo-hydrology’ give evidences of a thoroughly scientific observer.
1894 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. XLI. 43Mr. W. E. Hales exhibited Fletcher's *Thermo-hydrometer.
1901 Pop. Sc. Monthly Dec. 186An interesting figure shows the ‘*thermo-isopleths’ for Berlin, these lines indicating, in one drawing, both the diurnal and the annual march of the air temperature.
1889 L.E. & D. Philos. Mag. Sept. 213If the heat generated were immediately communicated to the *thermo-junction.
1903 Times 10 Sept. 10/4 A number of thermo-junctions of the platinum metals for use up to the highest temperatures have also been studied.
1943 S. W. Muller Permafrost or Permanently Frozen Ground 84Phenomena of *thermokarst. a. Cave-in lakes. b. Settling lakes. c. Cave-in and settling funnels.
1970 Globe Mag. 17 Jan. 4/3Even south of the Alaska Range there is much permafrost within the forested areas which will create further problems of heat loss, permafrost melt and thermokarst development.
1871 Clerk Maxwell HeatIntrod. 9The theory of the equilibrium of heat might be called Thermostatics, and that of the motion of heat *Thermokinematics.
1828 Webster, *Thermolamp, an instrument for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas. Med. Repos.
1965 H. Matsubara et al. inBiochem. & BiophysicalRes. Communications XXI. 242A proteolytic enzyme with the commercial name ‘Thermoase’ was isolated by Endo..from cultures of Bac. thermoproteolyticus Rokko... It was recently reported that the enzyme had a strong elastase-like activity... We propose the trivial name *thermolysin for this enzyme.
1979 Nature 29 Feb. 667/1 The determination of the three-dimensional structure of the thermostable protease thermolysin showed that heat-stable proteins do not contain unusual structural features absent from less stable proteins.
1823 T. S. Triall in Ann. Philos. N.S. VI. Dec. 449Having been lately engaged in some *thermomagnetic experiments.
1954 Jrnl. Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity VI. 6This simple apparatus could be used for the study of the thermomagnetic analysis of ferromagnetic mineral with a fair accuracy.
1828 F. Watkins Electro-Magnetism 22Experiments in *thermo-magnetism teach us that magnetical phænomena will arise from a disturbance in the equilibrium of temperature of metals.
1860 Mayne Expos. Lex. ,Thermo-magnetism, the same as Thermo-electricity.
1864 in Webster.
1883 Athenæum 9 June 736/1 The use of a *thermo-manometer, which would indicate whether the vapour pressure is below that to be expected from the temperature of the water.
1889 Harker in Geol. Mag. VI. 17The interpolation of *thermo-metamorphic rocks.
Ibid. 16High temperature and low pressure (*thermo-metamorphism).
1936 L. J. F. Brimble IntermediateBot. xx. 294Examples of *thermonastic movements are seen in the flowers of the crocus and tulip.
1976 Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger'sTextbk. Bot. (rev. ed. ) 365Repeated thermonastic curvatures may cause an increase in length.
1936 J. B. Hill et al.Bot. ix. 228The rapid opening of certain flowers when brought into a warm room from a cold place is a *thermonasty.
1951 Thermonasty . [ see nastic a.]
1976 Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger'sTextbk. Bot. (rev. ed. ) 365Many flowers..open or close according to the temperature. Such a phenomenon is referred to as thermonasty.
1807 Joyce Sci. Dial. ,Electr. vi. (1846) 424Delicate *thermo-pairs have been used to obtain the temperature of the human body.
1891 Cent. Dict. ,*Thermopalpation.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,Thermo-palpation, palpation of the surface of the body, with a view of determining local or general variations of temperature.
1941 Official Gaz. (U.S. Patent Office) 14/2*Thermopane. For multiple glass sheet glazing units..Claims use since May 1, 1931.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Jan. 42/8 ( Advt. ),Large brick and cut stone bungalow..2 fireplaces, drapes, thermopane windows etc.
1974 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario) 9 Feb. 15/1 Modernisation of the whole interior of the present building, including modern heating, thermopane, air-conditioning and elevator service.
1978 N.Y. Times 29 Mar. b8/1 (Advt. ),Builder's custom built 72′ hi ranch, 2 acs, circ driveway, thermopane windows.
1888 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. ,*Thermo-pegology.
1860 Mayne Expos. Lex. ,*Thermophagy.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,Thermophagy, the habit of swallowing very hot food.
1900 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 May 1105To sterilise this instrument ..with a small pocket *thermophore. [ i.e. a catheter]
1901 Lancet 9 Nov. 1297/2 The introduction of a ring-shaped thermophore.
1868 Dana Min. 465*Thermophyllite.
1957 New York Times 25 Aug. iv. 9/3 Perdue University has established a *thermophysical properties research center.
1976 Physics Bull. Dec. 561/3The symposium is concerned with both theoretical and experimental aspects of thermophysical properties of all matter in solid, liquid, gaseous and plasma states.
1962 A. L. King ( title)*Thermophysics.
1966 G. B. Heller Thermophysics & Temperature Control of Spacecraft p. xi,The modern field of thermophysics rests on some of the oldest branches of physics, namely, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and electromagnetic radiation.
1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. ,*Thermo⁓plegia.
1963 Canad. Jrnl. Physics XLI. 1080The *thermopower of the special copper was measured carefully at the low-temperature end.
1976 Physics Bull. June 248/2In figure 4 are plotted the conductivity and thermopower of the magnesium⁓bismuth alloy as a function of composition.
1876 Catal. Sci. App. S. Kens.Mus. §1056*Thermo-radiometer, for measuring losses of heat by radiation from walls of furnaces, sides of steam boilers, etc. [ an instrument]
1938 J. G. Koenigsberger in Terrestr. Magnetism & AtmosphericElectr. XLIII. 120The full apparent remanence acquired by cooling in a given field from Tc..may be denoted the *thermoremanence.
1967 Nature 28 Oct. 359/2 The mean directions ..are..fairly well grouped, and are believed to represent the direction of thermo⁓remanence acquired when the rocks cooled. [ of magnetization]
1951 Proc. Jap. Acad. XXVII. 643The remanent magnetism thus produced has been called the *thermo-remanent magnetism.
1958 Antiquity XXXII. 124 Measurement of the thermoremanent magnetism in the clay.
1971 Physics Bull. Aug. 476/3Half the papers..were concerned with the analysis of contact printing processes, both the anhysteretic transfer method with γ Fe2O3 slave tapes and the thermoremanent method with chromium dioxide tapes.
1975 Nature 27 Feb. 701/2 Stable remanent magnetisation discovered in lava samples collected during the Apollo 11 mission has been interpreted as thermoremanent magnetisation acquired when the lava flows cooled through the Curie point 3·6 Gyr ago.
1918 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. XXV. 279The animal is *thermosensitive.
1952 Archit. Rev. CXI. 278/3Suitable safety devices operated by a thermosensitive bi-metal strip are fitted.
1978 Nature 2 Feb. 470/1 Our results indicate that temperature control of reproduction in an ectothermic thermosensitive species may also be mediated in part by circadian systems.
1918 Jrnl. Exper. Zool. XXV. 281This method..demonstrated the *thermosensitivity of the species, because the animals gave an ejection reflex when brought into a region of higher temperature.
1981 Pflügers Archiv: European Jrnl. Physiol. CCCXCI. 66/2It turns out that in the goose a minor fraction only of total body thermo⁓sensitivity can be attributed to the spinal cord.
1895 Funk's Standard Dict. ,*Thermo⁓systaltic.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,Thermosystaltic, muscular contraction due to heat.
1909 Webster, *Thermo-tank.
1920 Lancet 25 Sept. 666/2 Eight thermo-tanks.
1928 Observer 15 July 9/4 A new Thermo-Tank heating system.
1884 Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. ,*Thermo-telephone.
1891 Cent. Dict. s.v. Thermotensile,Elaborate *thermotensile experiments on iron and steel, especially with reference to boiler-iron.
1847 Webster, *Thermotension.
1860 E. Wilson ( title)*Thermo-therapeia: the heat cure.
Ibid. 3Thermo-therapeia is the application of atmospheric air at a high temperature to the surface of the body, for the relief of pain and disease.
1899 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Thermotherapy.
1902 W. Winternitz ( title)Hydrotherapy, Thermotherapy, Heliotherapy, and Phototherapy.
1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 846/1*Thermotolerant, able to endure high temperatures, but not growing well under such conditions.
1964 Cooney & Emerson Thermophilic Fungi 161which may grow at or near 50°C but which also grow well at temperatures below 20°C, are considered thermotolerant and are excluded from the true thermophilic fungi. [ Fungi]
1973 Nature 16 Mar. 203/2 Many species of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi isolated from natural thermal habitats similarly occur in man-made heated habitats.
1902 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Apr. 846To demonstrate two very different forms of complement—one a *thermo-unstable, and the other a thermo-stable.
1895 Funk's Stand. Dict. ,*Thermo-voltaic.
1976 Biochim. & Biophys. Acta CDXXXI. 566 In common with the other known *thermoacidophiles Thermoplasma and Sulfolobus, B acidocaldarius contains an unusually high..glycolipid content. [ acillus]
1990 Chem. & Physics Lipids LIII. 341/1Archaebacteria are comprised of three main classes: halophiles, methanogens and thermoacidophiles.
1976 Biochim. & Biophys. Acta CDXXXI. 550 Bacillus acidocaldarius, an extreme *thermoacidophilic spore-forming rod isolated from sulfur hot springs, grows optimally at pH 3 and 60°C.
1988 D. P. Kelly in Nitrogen & Sulphur Cycles (42ndSymp. Soc. Gen. Microbiol. ) 70Also well known by name but even slower to reveal their biochemical secrets are the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacteria Sulfolobus and Acidianus.
thermo-
before vowels therm-, word-forming element meaning "hot, heat, temperature," used in scientific and technical words, from comb. form of Greek thermos "hot, warm," therme "heat" (see thermal).
ORIGIN: Greek , from thermos hot, thermē heat: see -o-
thermo-
combining form.
heat; temperature: Thermoelectricity = electricity produced by heat.
thermoelectric, as in thermocurrent.
Also, therm- before vowels.
[< Greek thermós hot, and thérmē heat]
thermo-
— see therm-
— see therm-
thermo-
Prefix
- heat
Etymology
From Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós, “warm, hot”)
Derived terms
English words prefixed with thermo-