英语词汇-ty的发音释义、词根词缀、结构分析、同源词、词频及词根记忆法-英语词根词缀词典

　

词汇	-ty
词根词缀	AHD Collins Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary SOED WBD Webster Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots -ty suff.（后缀） Condition; quality: 状态；性质： realty. 不动产语源 Middle English -te 中古英语 -te from Old French 源自古法语 from Latin -tās 源自拉丁语 -tās -ty¹ suffix denoting a multiple of ten ⇒ sixty ⇒ seventy Origin from Old English -tig ten -ty² suffix forming nouns indicating state, condition, or quality ⇒ cruelty Origin from Old French -te, -tet, from Latin -tās, -tāt-; related to Greek -tēs -ty¹ Word Origin 1 a suffix of numerals denoting multiples of ten: twenty; thirty. Origin Middle English; Old English -tig; cognate with Old Frisian -tich, German -zig, Old Norse -tigr, Gothic -tigjus -ty² 1 a suffix occurring in nouns of Latin origin, denoting quality, state, etc.: unity; enmity. Origin Middle English -te(e) < Old French -te(t) < Latin -tātem, accusative of -tās -tyI. a suffix of numerals denoting multiples of ten, as twenty. [Middle English, Old English -tig] II. a suffix of nouns denoting quality, state, etc., as unity, enmity. [Middle English -te(e), from Old French -te, -tet, from Latin -tas] -ty noun suffix ETYMOLOGY variant of -ity : quality : condition : degree apriority -ty¹ /tɪ/ suffix forming nouns denoting quality or condition such as beauty, royalty 名词后缀, 表示“性质”或“状态”： beauty. royalty. 词源 via Old French from Latin -tas, -tat-. -ty² /tɪ/ suffix denoting specified groups of ten 表示“十”、“十个”： forty. ninety. 词源 Old English -tig. ▪ I.-ty, suffix¹denoting quality or condition, representing ME. -tie, -tee, -te (early ME. -teð), from OF. -te (mod.F. -té), earlier -tet (-ted):—L. -itātem, nom. -itās. Such Latin types as bonitātem, feritātem, were in OF. normally reduced to two syllables (bontet, fertet) by elision of the -i- between the two stresses, so that -tet, later -te, became the regular form of the suffix. The final dental still appears in some early adoptions in ME., as plenteð, plenteth plenty (c 1250, in use till c 1600), and is characteristic of the Scottish forms bountith, daintith, and poortith (q.v.). The reduced form -te, however, is found in words recorded from shortly before or after 1200, such as bonte bounty, cruelte cruelty, debonerte debonairness, deinte dainty (n.), plente plenty, poverte poverty, purte purity, and vilte vileness. Among others which appear somewhat later are certeynte certainty, Cristente Christenty, freelte frailty, novelte novelty, and sotelte subtlety. Varying forms of the stem are found in the words now or formerly represented by beauty, fealty, lealty, † lewty, loyalty, † realty, † rialty, and royalty. From the types lealte, realte, the ending -alte (mod.F. -auté) was in OF. extended to formations from different stems, and many words of this form (ultimately written with -alty) established themselves in English, as admiralty, casualty, commonalty, † generalty, mayoralty, † principalty, † regalty, severalty, specialty, spiritualty, temporalty. Most of these date from the 14th or early 15th century; penalty appears to be of later introduction (1512). An obsolete type of formation is exhibited by curiouste, hid(e)ouste, and joyouste. In OF. certain analogies led to the frequent substitution of -ete for -te, but this form of the suffix is only occasionally adopted in English, as in the obsolete noblete, purete, and simplete; the early sauvete is now represented by safety. Under Latin influence many words in OF. also appear with -ite (mod.F. -ité) in place of -(e)te; hence English forms in -ity, which in many cases (as in F.) have supplanted those in -ty.Although occurring in a large number of words the suffix has shown little productive power in English; evelte, everlastingte, and overte occur in the 14–15th cent., and shrievalty, sheriffalty, have had currency from the beginning of the 16th cent., but such formations are very rare.Such words as faculty, difficulty, honesty, modesty, puberty, represent Latin formations in which the suffix -tās is directly added to a consonantal stem. The number of these in English, as in French, is very small.The early form of the suffix (-te, or -tee) remained in use down to the 16th cent., but from the 15th was gradually supplanted by -tie, -tye, and the surviving -ty.▪ II.-ty, suffix²denoting ‘ten’, forming the second element of the decade numerals from 20 to 90 (in OE. to 120), as twenty, thirty (OE. twentiᵹ, þrítiᵹ), etc. The OE. -tiᵹ (gen. sing. -tiᵹes, gen. pl. -tiᵹa, -tiᵹra, dat. pl. -tiᵹum) corresponds to OFris. -tich, -tech (pl. -tiga, -tega), MDu. -tigh (Du. -tig), OS. -tig (-thig), -teg, -tich, -tech (MLG. and LG. -tig), OHG. -zug, -zuc, -zoch (MHG. -zec, -zic, G. -zig), and is the same as ON. tigr, tegr, tøgr, tugr (pl. tigir, etc.) and Goth. tigus (pl. tigjus), which are not suffixed but remain independent words, as ON. tveir tigir, Goth. twai tigjus, twenty. For examples of the OE. forms and syntactical usage, see the various numerals. -ty 1 suffix representing "ten" in cardinal numbers that are multiples of 10 (sixty, seventy, etc.), from Old English -tig, from a Germanic root (cognates: Old Saxon, Dutch -tig, Old Frisian -tich, Old Norse -tigr, Old High German -zug, German -zig) that existed as a distinct word in Gothic (tigjus) and Old Norse (tigir) meaning "tens, decades." Compare tithe, n.. English, like many other Germanic languages, retains traces of a base-12 number system. The most obvious instance is eleven and twelve which ought to be the first two numbers of the "teens" series. Their Old English forms, enleofan and twel(eo)f(an), are more transparent: "leave one" and "leave two." Old English also had hund endleofantig for "110" and hund twelftig for "120." One hundred was hund teantig. The -tig formation ran through 12 cycles, and could have bequeathed us numbers eleventy ("110") and twelfty ("120") had it endured, but already during the Anglo-Saxon period it was being obscured. Old Norse used hundrað for "120" and þusend for "1,200." Tvauhundrað was "240" and þriuhundrað was "360." Older Germanic legal texts distinguished a "common hundred" (100) from a "great hundred" (120). This duodecimal system is "perhaps due to contact with Babylonia" [Lass, "Old English"]. 2 suffix used in forming abstract nouns from adjectives (such as safety, surety), Middle English -tie, -te, from Old French -te (Modern French -té), from Latin -tatem (nominative -tas, genitive -tatis), cognate with Greek -tes, Sanskrit -tati-. Also see -ity. 1. suffix¹ \| 2. suffix² 1 -ty /ti/ suffix¹ (not productive). ORIGIN: Old French -te(t) (mod. -té) from Latin -itat-, -itas. In many cases superseded by -ity. Forming nouns of quality or condition (or instances of it), as admiralty, bounty, cruelty, faculty, honesty, plenty, puberty, safety, subtlety, temporalty. 2 -ty /ti/ suffix² (not productive). OE. ORIGIN: Old English -tiġ corresp. to Old Frisian -tich, Old Saxon -tig (Dutch -tig), Old High German -zug (German -zig), and Old Norse tigr, Gothic tigus ten. Forming cardinal numerals from 20 to 90 (in Old English to 120), denoting ‘so many tens’, as eighty, forty, sixty, twenty. -ty¹ suffix added to numbers. _____ tens; _____ times ten: Seventy = seven tens, or seven times ten. [Old English -tig] -ty² suffix added to adjectives to form nouns. the fact, quality, or condition of being _____: Safety = the condition or quality of being safe. Also, -ity. [Middle English -tee, -tie < Old French -te < -tet < Latin -tās, -tātis] Ty. territory. -ty \d.]ē, t], ]i\ noun suffix (-es) Etymology: Middle English -te, -tee, -tie, from Old French -té, from Latin -tat-, -tas; akin to Greek -tēt-, -tēs -ty, Sanskrit -tāt, -tāti : quality : condition : degree < apriority > -ty¹ Suffix Nonproductive suffix indicating single-digit integer multiples of ten Etymology From Middle English -ty, from Old English -tiġ (“-ty”), from Proto-Germanic tigiwiz, plural of teguz (“group of ten”), from Proto-Indo-European déḱ-, déḱm̥t (“ten”). Cognate with Scots -ty (“-ty”), West Frisian -tich (“-ty”), Dutch -tig (“-ty”), German -zig (“-ty”), Gothic 𐍄𐌹𐌲𐌿𐍃 (tigus, “group of ten, decade”). Related to ten. Derived terms twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety -ty² Suffix Alternative form of -ity Used to form abstract nouns from adjectives Etymology From Middle English -te, a borrowing from Old French -te, from Latin -tātem, accusative masculine singular of -tās. 后缀：-ty [名词后缀] 构成抽象名词，表示性质、情况、状态、权限 specialty 特性，专长 safety 安全 entirety 整体，全部 surety 确实 penalty 刑罚，处罚 royalty 王位，王权 certainty 肯定，确实 cruelty 残忍，残酷 loyalty 忠诚，忠心 novelty 新奇，新颖 subtlety 精巧，微妙 sovereignty 主权，统治权 [注]-ty亦表示“...十” sixty 六十 seventy 七十 eighty 八十 ninety 九十
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