syn- 或 sym-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Together; with:
共；同：
synecology.
群体生态学 - United:
联合的：
syncarp.
合心皮果 - Same; similar:
相同；相似：
sympatric.
同域的 - At the same time:
同时的：
synesthesia.
共同感觉
语源
- Greek sun-
希腊语 sun- - from sun * see ksun
源自 sun *参见 ksun
syn-
prefix
with or together
⇒
synecology
fusion
⇒
syngamy
Origin
from Greek sun together, withsyn-
Word Origin
1
a prefix occurring in loanwords from Greek, having the same function as co- (synthesis; synoptic); used, with the meaning “with,” “together,” in the formation of compound words (synsepalous) or “synthetic” in such compounds (syngas).
Also, sy-, syl-, sym-, sys-.
Origin
< Greek, combining form representing sýn with, together with
Related Words
- idiosyncrasy
- Sanhedrin
- synaeresis
- synagogue
- synaloepha
- synapsis
syn-a prefix having the same function as co- (def. 1), as in synthesis, synoptic.
Also, sy-, syl-, sym-, sys-. [Greek, combining form of syn (preposition) with, and (adverb) together]
syn-
prefix
or sym-
synclinal
sympetalous
2. at the same time
synesthesia
prefix
or sym-
ETYMOLOGY New Latin, from Greek, from syn with, together with
1. with : along with : togethersynclinal
sympetalous
2. at the same time
synesthesia
syn-
prefix
- united; acting or considered together表示“联合的”, “共同的”：
-
synchrony
syncarpous.
词源
from Greek sun 'with'.
1870 A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. Oct. 316In *synacmic plants..the period of maturity of one organ may frequently exceed in length that of the other, so as to render cross-fertilization easy.
1883 Science I. 432/2 In no small number of instances..the plant is strongly protogynous, while it is sometimes synacmic.
1870 A. W. Bennett in Jrnl. Bot. Oct. 318*Synacmy, or the contemporaneous maturing of the reproductive organs, is nearly as frequent as protandry.
1887 Harrison Allen in Science 11 Mar. 232/2The action of both wings and feet, since both pairs act together, is what I propose to call *synadelphic.
1890 Billings Med. Dict. ,*Synalgia, associated or sympathetic pain.
1897 Willis Flowering Plants I. 76Sometimes the union is so complete as to include the anthers, and a *synandrium is formed.
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms,*Synandry, Morren's term where stamens normally separated are soldered or united.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 461The elemental forms present he designated as anthemata and the various secondary and later groupings which go to make up the whole exanthem as *synanthemata. [ sc. Auspitz]
1901 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2),Synanthema.., a local eruption consisting of a group of papules.
1936 Discovery Mar. 89/2 There can be no question of post-glacial colonisation of Iceland by other than *synanthropic insects.
1971 Countryman Summer 187/1 This is probably a yellow slug, Limax flavus, a synanthropic species, which lives in and around houses, cellars and old garden walls.
1969 E. Mayr Princ. SystematicZool. x. 202Derived characters (*synapomorphs of Hennig) shared with a more recent ancestor.
1966 Davis & Zangerl tr. Hennig's Phylogenetic Systematics ii. 90It makes no difference whether the *synapomorphy consists in the fact that an apomorphous character (a′) is present identically in all species..or whether it is present in different derived conditions (a′ and a{pp}).
1979 Nature 18 Jan. 176/1 This inference is drawn from the fact that lungfish and cows share derived characters (synapomorphies such as internal nostrils, an epiglottis, a two-chambered auricle and so on..) not found in salmon.
1898 Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 223Müllerian Resemblance is not true Mimicry at all, but rather an example of Common Warning Colour,..the term *Synaposematic was proposed as descriptive of it.
1907 Nature 31 Oct. 676/2 As a further illustration of..‘*synaposematism’, or the adoption of a common warning badge on the part of distasteful forms, we may take the wonderfully diverse assemblage that centres round the conspicuous and distasteful beetles belonging to the genus Lycus.
1881 E. R. Lankester Stud. Apus, etc. 32We distinguish the original ganglion pair of the præstomial region as the archi-cerebrum—it is well to designate by a distinct term the composite ganglion, which may result from the fusion with it of other ganglia—it may be called a *syncerebrum.
1863 M. J. Berkeley Brit. MossesGloss. 313*Syncladous, used when branchlets grow in tufts from the same point.
1898 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Syncotyledonous, having its cotyledons joined together.
1861 Austin Jurispr. (ed. 2) Note 331*Syncracy: wherein the executive powers reside in the sovereign one or number; but the legislative powers, in the sovereign one or number, with the active (as distinguished from the passive) portion of the subject citizens.
1902 G. B. Howes in SmithsonianRep. (1903) 591,I have..proposed to discriminate between the series of terrestrial vertebrates as archæcraniate and *syncraniate... The costal sternum, like the syncraniate skull, is distinctive of the Amniota alone.
1901 Trans. Entomol. Soc. 375Mr. Beddard quotes this..as one of his cases of apparently useless mimicry, but it may be an example of *syncryptic resemblance.
1945 F. E. Fritsch Structure & Reproduction of Algae II. 878A different relation is seen in the association of certain Myxophyceae of small dimensions with Monads or Bacteria (*syncyanoses of Pascher).
1967 Jrnl. Phycol. III. 37/2Cyanophora is one of the few forms among the syncyanoses thus far found which has been thoroughly studied.
1978 Bio Systems X. 74/2 Lee suggested that members of the group originated from the union of a non-photosynthetic cryptomonad stock with cyanobacteria, resulting in an early ‘syncyanosis’ similar to that seen in Cyanophora paradoxa today.
1904 Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 60Forms having certain structural characters in common distinguishing them from the forms of other groups. Groups thus defined by the Linnaean method of Diagnosis may be conveniently called *Syndiagnostic.
1910 W. M. Wheeler Ants xxi. 382In the United States Megastilicus formicarius.., which is not uncommon in the large mound nests of Formica exsectoides, is..a typical *synechthran.
1967 J. H. Sudd Introd. Behaviour Ants vi. 127Synechthrans are always treated with hostility by the ants and usually they, in turn, prey on the ants.
1899 D. Sharp in CambridgeNat. Hist. VI. 183‘*Synecthry’, including those Insects, etc., to which the ants are hostile, but which nevertheless maintain themselves in the midst of their foes.
1859 Henslow Dict. Bot. Terms,*Synema, the portion of the Gynostemium corresponding to the position of the combined filaments.
1886 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. II. 680/2Encephaloceles arising from abnormal adhesions, or what is technically known as *synencephalocele.
1904 Poulton Ess. Evolution (1908) 61Forms which have been shown..to be descended from common ancestors or from a common parthenogenetic or self-fertilizing ancestor. Such groups may be called *Synepigonic.
1879 Times 12 Mar. 4/1 is, like his *synethnic co-reformer Paul, a man of no great presence. [ Dr. Lasker]
1937 Bailey & McCallien in Trans. R.Soc. Edin. LIX. 81In the following pages: Antiform means a fold that closes upwards. *Synform means a fold that closes downwards.
1978 Nature 12 Oct. 539/1 Preserved in a large secondary synform, there occurs a sequence, several hundred metres thick, consisting of ribbon cherts, bedded jasperites, . [ etc.]
1850 T. P. Kirkman in Cambr. & Dubl.Math. Jrnl. V. 102A..curve..which..touches the n harmonicals (H), *synharmonic with A in respect of the n pairs (ue ve).
Ibid. 104Curves..which touch alike the three harmonicals..and meet each its synharmonic..at the six angles of the hexagon.
Ibid. 97The tangents at the intersection of p = 0 and q= 0 form with them an harmonic pencil... Let this be denoted by saying that the two branches ofR [ the curve] = 0 are *synharmonicals in respect ofp [ the straight lines] = 0 and q= 0.
1904 Jrnl. R.Microsc. Soc. Apr. 222L. Petri..finds the two nuclei (the *synkarion) present in the hyphæ of the trama, as described for other hymenomycetes.
1905 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 25 Feb. 442The male and female nuclei closely combine, forming the synkaryon.
1904 Jrnl. R.Microsc. Soc. Feb. 94That phase in the life-history, the *synkaryophyte, which plays so important a part in the development in the Basidiomycetes.
1932 Mineral. undPetrogr. Mitt. XLII. 475The older Archaean granites of Fennoscandia..belong to characteristically *synkinematic intrusive complexes from an early stage of an orogenic cycle.
1952 T. F. W. Barth Theoret. Petrol. iii. 243Synkinematic granitization is probably responsible for the majority of the large granodiorite and granite batholiths.
1973 J. T. Renouf tr. Didier's Granites & their Enclaves 7The orogenic granites are classically divided into synkinematic ( = synorogenic or syntectonic) and post-tectonic types.
1881 J. Ross Treat. Dis. NervousSyst. i. v. I. 162*Synkinesis. Under this term are generally included certain involuntary movements of paralysed parts; but I shall extend the meaning of the word so as to include also certain motor anomalies which occur in muscles subject to spasm.
1883 Arthur FernleyLect. 160Carpo⁓genethlic synkinesis of the sexes with other phenomena of the botanic hierarchy.
1901 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2),*Synkinetic, pertaining to or of the nature of synkinesis.
1921 J. H. L. Vogt in Jrnl. Geol. XXIX. 321The individuals of a mineral, segregated from a magma at an early stage, frequently swam together to assemblings or aggregates, the result of which is a structure, for which I propose the term together-swimming structure or *synneusis structure.
1959 W. W. Moorhouse Study of Rocks in Thin Section xi. 241Probably related to the banded character of the basic complexes is a texture, sometimes called ‘synneusis’ texture, in which the dark minerals..tend to occur as lenticular clumps or aggregates.
1967 Amer. Mineralogist LII. 529The preferential character of synneusis for several common individual minerals and mineral pairs.
1973 J. T. Renouf tr. Didier's Granites & their Enclaves xiv. 368When two rocks contain the same volumetric percentage of phenocrysts, synneusis is greatest in that with the smaller crystals and thus with the greatest number.
1911 Marett Anthropol. ix. 236Let us assume, then, that there are two main stages in the historical evolution of society... I propose to term them the *synnomic and the syntelic phases of society. ‘Synnomic’ (from the Greek nomos, custom) means that customs are shared. ‘Syntelic’ (from the Greek telos, end) means that ends are shared. The synnomic phase is, from the psychological point of view, a kingdom of habit; the syntelic phase is a kingdom of reflection.
1910 W. M. Wheeler Ants xxi. 381The symphiles represent the élite,..and number hardly more than 300 to 400 species, whereas the *synœketes are much more numerous.
1971 E. O. Wilson Insect Societies (1972) xx. 390/2Most of the time..the Cremastocheilus have the status of synoeketes, that is, they are simply ignored and allowed to wander through the nest without interference.
1898 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Synorchism.
1936 Bull Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists XX. 853*Synorogenic movements dating from this time are to be recognized everywhere in this continent.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xx. 292/1The synorogenic sediments that accompany mountain building.
1974 Nature 4 Oct. 382/2 In Africa the Kibaran belt experienced major tectonism about 1,300 Myr bp..with the subparallel Irumide belt undergoing synorogenic events about 1,100 Myr ago.
1786 Pinkerton Anc. Sc. Poems I. p. cxliii,*Synorthographic and Symphonious Words.
1894 W. Bateson Study of Variation xviii. 458The ears of vertebrates..in the *synotic or cephalotic condition are compounded in the middle line to a varying degree.
1903 Proc. Zool. Soc. 17 Mar. 282The pelvis of the Musophagi.., its breadth is due..to the great length of the *synsacral transverse processes.
Ibid. 273The most complete *synsacrum is that of Coua, and is made up as follows:—1 thoracic, 3 lumbar, 3 lumbo-sacral, 2 sacral, and 4 caudal . [ vertebræ]
1960 Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst. ) (ed. 2)Suppl. 65/1*Synsedimentary.
1976 Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXXXII. 124In sheet III the lower contact is a sharp, curved slide plane with occasional synsedimentary striations.
1979 Nature 9 Aug. 483/2 This sealing apparently results from a synsedimentary per⁓mineralisation caused by colloidal silica.
1847 W. E. Steele FieldBot. p. xxii,Cal *synsepalous, coloured. Primuleæ. [ yx]
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms,*Synspermous.
1869 M. T. Masters Veget.Teratol. 50*Synspermy, or Union of the Seeds.
1902 Poulton in Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 147/1Resemblances..incidentally caused by functional adaptation, such as the mole-like forms produced in the burrowing Insectivora ... Such likeness may be called *Syntechnic Resemblance. [ etc.]
1942 M. P. Billings StructuralGeol. xv. 297*Syntectonic intrusives are always forcefully injected bodies, because the magma was moving under the influence of orogenic pressures.
1974 Nature 22 Mar. 325/2 In coastal Liberia the geological evidence of actual faulting that could definitely be said to be syntectonic with rifting is lacking.
1956 L. U. de Sitter StructuralGeol. xxvi. 392The *syntectonically metamorphosed mica-schists and migmatites.
1979 Nature 25 Jan. 290/1 A phase of upright asymmetric folding..with the steep limbs overturned to the north-west took place syntectonically with major brittle thrusting..of all units.
1911 Marett Anthropol. ix. 236*Syntelic . [ see synnomic]
Ibid. 237That independence of character which is the prime condition of syntelic society.
1971 J. H. Renwick in Ann. Human Genetics XXXV. 80If the inversion and a marker locus studied in the pedigree are *syntenic (lying on the same chromosome pair), the marker may be on either side of either breakpoint and the linkage..to one of them may be close and may have a good chance of being detected.
1978 Nature 13 July 161/1 Five genes in the mouse..are syntenic and their human homologues have been assigned to human chromosome 1.
1971 J. H. Renwick in Ann. Human Genetics XXXV. 83The prior probability of the hypothesis of *synteny— i.e. that the autosomal marker locus is somewhere on the chromosome pair that bears the inversion—is A/T.
1974 Sci. Amer. July 39/1Assaying a number of clones for various human enzymes therefore provides information on the synteny of genes.
1900 B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms,*Syntepalous, the tepals united.
1839 G. Roberts Dict. Geol. ,*Synthermal.., having the same degree of heat. Applied to the exterior and interior of the earth, which..are not synthermal, but differ greatly in temperature.
1901 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 2),*Syntoxoid.
1903 . [ see toxoid]
1894 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXVI. i. 454Such diazo-compounds as exist in the form of rings, due to the formation of inner anhydrides..must be syn-compounds.
1913 T. H. Pope tr. Molinari'sTreat. Gen. &Industr. Org. Chem. 568It forms a mixture of phenyldiazonium hydroxide..and syn-diazobenzene hydroxide.
1938 R. L. Shriner et al. in H. GilmanOrg. Chem. I. iii. 385The amine oxide structure does not aid in accounting for the syn and anti forms of these oximes, but is necessary to account for the tautomerism of these isomers.
1978 Nature 9 Feb. 494/2 The intense sweetness of the a-syn⁓oxime of perillartine was first reported in 1920.
1932 C. D. Darlington Rec. Adv. Cytol. iii. 63The chief occasion of polyploidy in plants and in many animals is the reunion, after separation, of nuclei in the male germinal cells at the last divisions before meiosis. This is known as *syndiploidy.
1980 Cytologia XLV. 378 The evolutionary significance of syndiploidy lies in the production of diploid gametes, which ultimately produce polyploid.
1971 Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (ed. 2)Suppl. 189Both oils are subsequently hydrotreated to produce a syncrude oil.
1976 Times 9 Dec. 27 Looking at the alternative power sources for private transport, the survey reckons that the most likely ones are a synthetic liquid fuel (such as methanol or syncrude) derived from coal, or electricity stored in batteries.
1980 McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. &Technol. 303/2Salable by-products of ammonia, sulfur, and phenols are produced by several of the SNG and syncrude processes.
1976 Dallas Morning News 22 Sept. 2–d/3 Whatever has happened to all the synthetic fuel we were supposed to get to ease the oil and gas shortage? Now, three years later, we've still done very little towards the development of ‘synfuels’.
1980 Science 16 May 740 Certain processes for developing some U.S. oil shales may generate more CO2 per unit of usable energy produced than any other synfuel development.
1982 Sunday Times 9 May 54/6 Multi-billion investment—the basic fee to gain entry to the synfuels game—cannot be justified.
1975 N.Y. Times 24 Mar. 20/2Much of the Western coal has been planned for conversion at the mine to synthetic pipeline gas... The ‘syn-gas’ is to replace natural gas from wells, the fuel that is expected to be in the most critical depletion by 1985.
1980 Prospects for Petrochemicals in W. Europe (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 8By the middle of next century it is possible that the petrochemical industry could even be sustained very largely, if not entirely, on syngas and methanol derived from coal and methane.
1983 New Scientist 28 Apr. 207/2 Syn-gas is also made from natural gas..by the related reaction CH4 + H2O = CO + 3H2.
1979 Ibid. 7 June 818In the long term, the choice must be between jet fuel derived from synthetic crude (synjet) or a wholly new type of fuel.
1980 Times 21 Feb. 20/4 The quick and easy solution, which is ‘synjet’—kerosene made from coal, shale or tarsands.
1976 Time 1 Mar. 47 So far several plants have been..designed to turn 2,700 tons of high-sulfur Illinois coal into 22 million cu. ft. of ‘syngas’ and 3,000 bbl. of ‘synoil’ each day.
1978 Nature 3 Aug. 413/1 Whereas glassified waste may devitrify when exposed to ground water at high temperature and pressure, thus exposing a large surface area for the dissolution of the radionuclides in the glass, the new mineral—‘synroc’—should be as stable as a natural rock.
1980 New Scientist 3 July 9/2 In the Synroc process the radioactive wastes are trapped in the crystal lattices of the minerals of the synthetic rocks and so are completely immobilised.
1982 Nature 9 Dec. 470/3 The plant..will make Synroc-C, which consists of 60 per cent titanium dioxide, with an admixture of barium oxide, calcium oxide, zirconia and alumina.
syn-
word-forming element meaning "together with, jointly; alike; at the same time," also sometimes completive or intensive, from Greek syn (prep.) "with, together with, along with, in the company of," from PIE *ksun- "with" (cognates: Russian so- "with, together," from Old Russian su(n)-). Assimilated to -l-, reduced to sy- before -s- and -z-, and altered to sym- before -b-, -m- and -p-. Since 1970s also with a sense of "synthetic."
ORIGIN: from or after Latin from Greek sun- , from sun with; in Latin reduced to sy- before st, z and assim. to syl- before l, sym- 3 synthetic adjective .
syn-
prefix. with; together; jointly; at the same time; alike, as in synagogue, synchronous, syndrome, synonym, synthesis, synecology. Also: sy- before z and before s plus a consonant; syl- before l; sym- before b, m, or p.
[< Greek sýn together, with]
syn.
synonym.
synonymous.
synonymy.
syn-
prefix
or sym-
Etymology: syn- from Middle English sin-, syn-, from Old French, from Latin syn-, from Greek, from syn with, together with, by means of, at the same time as, alteration of xyn; sym- from Middle English sim-, sym-, from Middle French, from Latin sym-, from Greek, from syn-
1. : with : along with : together
< syncline >
< syngenesis >
2. : at the same time
< synanthesis >
3.syn- : cis- 3 — used especially of chemical structures in which the atoms or groups on the same side of the molecule are attached to carbon-to-nitrogen or nitrogen-to-nitrogen double bonds
< sodium synbenzene-diazoate >
— opposed to anti- (sense 7); see benzaldoxime
4. : like : associated
< syntype >
or sym-
1.
< syncline >
< syngenesis >
2.
< synanthesis >
3.
< sodium synbenzene-diazoate >
— opposed to anti- (sense 7); see benzaldoxime
4.
< syntype >
syn-syl- (used before l), sym- (used before b, m and p)
syl- (used before l), sym- (used before b, m and p)
Prefix
- identical
- synonym
- with, together
- synchronised swimming
- concomitant
- synesthesia
Etymology
From Ancient Greek συν- (sun-), from σύν (sún, “with, in company with, together with”).
Derived terms
English words prefixed with syn-
References
前缀：syn- 共同、相同
synactic 共同作用的
synobronous 同时发生的
synonym 同义词
syntony 共振，谐振
synthermal 同温的
synthesis 合成