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词汇 -ship
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-ship
suff.（后缀）
    1. Quality, state, or condition:
      性质，状态或状况：
      scholarship.
      学问
    2. Something that shows or possesses a quality, state, or condition:
      显示或拥有某种性质、状态或状况的东西：
      courtship.
      求婚
  2. Rank, status, or office:
    职位，地位或官职：
    professorship.
    教授职位
  3. Art, skill, or craft:
    艺术、技术或技艺：
    penmanship.
    书法
  4. A collective body:
    一个整体：
    readership.
    读者群

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old English -scipe
    源自 古英语 -scipe
-ship

suffix forming nouns

indicating state or condition
⇒ fellowship
indicating rank, office, or position
⇒ lordship
indicating craft or skill
⇒ horsemanship
⇒ workmanship
⇒ scholarship

Origin

Old English -scipe; compare shape

-ship

Word Origin
1
a native English suffix of nouns denoting condition, character, office, skill, etc.:
clerkship; friendship; statesmanship.
Origin
Middle English, Old English -scipe; akin to shape; cognate with dialectal Frisian, dialectal Dutch schip

Related Words

  • countship
  • courtship
  • earlship
  • friendship
  • godship
  • guildship
-shipa suffix of nouns denoting condition, character, office, skill, etc., as in kingship, friendship, statesmanship.
[Middle English; Old English -scipe; related to German -schaft]
-ship
noun suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Old English -scipe; akin to Old High German -scaft -ship, Old English scieppan to shape — more at shape
1. state : condition : quality
    friendship
2. office : dignity : profession
    clerkship
3. art : skill
    horsemanship
4. something showing, exhibiting, or embodying a quality or state
    township
    fellowship
5. one entitled to a (specified) rank, title, or appellation
    his Lordship
6. the body of persons participating in a specified activity
    readership
    listenership
-ship
/ʃɪp/  
suffix
forming nouns ［构成名词］
1.
denoting a quality or condition
表示“性质”, “状态”：

companionship

friendship.

2.
denoting status, office, or honour
表示“身份”, “职位”, “荣耀”：

ambassadorship

citizenship.

■  denoting a tenure of office
表示“官职任期”：

chairmanship.

3.
denoting a skill in a certain capacity
表示“技能”：

workmanship.

4.
denoting the collective individuals of a group
表示“一个团体的成员”：

membership.

词源
Old English -scipe, scype, of Germanic origin.
-ship suffixForms: 1 -skiepe, -scipe, -scype, Anglian -scip, -sciop, 2 -scep, 3 -sip(e, 3–4 -scip(e, 3–5 -schipe, 4 -schupe, 4–5 -schippe, -shipe, -schyp, -schepe, -shep(e, -chipe, -chepe, 4–6 -schip, -shyp, -shippe, 5 -schuppe, -schepe, -chyp, -chep, 5–6 -shyppe, 5–7 -shipp, 4– -ship.[In OE. *-sciepe, -skiepe (rare), -scipe, -scype, Anglian -scip, (occas. -sciop) str. masc. = OFris. -skipi, -skip, -schip (WFris. -skip, -schip, NFris. -skep, -skap), OS. -scepi, -scipi, MLG., MDu. -sc(h)ip, -sc(h)êpe, -sc(h)eep, -sc(h)êp, WFlem. -schip, -schepe:—OTeut. *skapi-z, f. skap- to create, ordain, appoint (see shape v.). The ĭ of the stem-syllable of OE. scipe and the corresponding continental forms is apparently due to secondary influence of the umlaut, the change being probably favoured by the lack of stress. The related *skapo-z masc., *skapō fem., and *skapti-z shaft n.1, meaning ‘creation, creature, constitution, condition’, were used in Germanic as the second element of compounds and as such assumed the function and meaning of a suffix equivalent to *skapi-z; these forms are represented by OS. -skap (MDu., Du. -schap), OHG. -scaf fem., later -scaft (MHG., G. -schaft), ON. -skapr (Da. -skab, Sw. -skap); the alleged OE. landsceap is an error due to misreading.The abnormal forms of the suffix in Sc. hussyskap, -skep, -skip (see housewifeship) may have a LG. or Du. origin.]In certain uses the suffix lends itself more or less freely to the formation of nonce-words; selected instances of these are given below under the divisons to which they belong.1. Added to adjs. and pa. pples. to denote the state or condition of being so-and-so. Such compounds were numerous in OE., and many survived (or were re-coined) in ME., but few have a history extending beyond the 15th century; e.g. OE. árodscipe briskness, dolscipe folly, druncenscipe drunkenship, drunkship (ME.), glædscipe gladship, gódscipe goodship, láþscipe hardship, prútscipe pride, shendship (ME.), snelscipe boldness, wildship (ME.), wódscipe madness. The only survivals of this formation now in common use are hardship (first in Ancren Riwle), and worship (OE. weorþscipe).2. Added to ns. to denote the state or condition of being what is expressed by the n., e.g. OE. féondscipe hostility, fiendship, fréondscipe friendship, þeᵹnscipe thegnship (cf. thaneship); authorship, fellowship, † knightship, partnership, sonship, suretyship.1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 89 Supposing that by Almighty power their Sunship and Moonship might be kept by them, without worldship.a1828Bentham's Fragm. Govt. Hist. Pref., Wks. 1843 I. 241 To assume and keep up the tone of junvenility and tyro-ship.b. By extension, compounds of this kind, when the n. is the designation of a class of human being, assume the sense of the qualities or character associated with, or the skill or power of accomplishment of, the person denoted by the n.; e.g. OE. eorlscipe manliness, hláfordscipe domination, supremacy, lordship, mannscipe humanity; craftsmanship, horsemanship, housewifeship, kingship, soldiership, workmanship.1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. iii. x. (1872) I. 198 His wars against the Turks, and his other Hectorships, I will forget.1879Morley Burke vii. 142 The ideas of adventurership.3. Added to ns. designating an official or person of rank to denote the office, position, dignity, or rank of the person designated, as OE. ᵹeréfscipe reeveship; ambassadorship, captainship, chaplainship, clerkship, headship, laureateship, professorship, sheriffship, stewardship. In the case of fellowship, scholarship, postmastership and the like, the compound has come to connote not only the office or position itself but the emoluments, etc., pertaining to it.1485Rolls of Parlt. VI. 368/2 The Offices of Walstatship of Wydygada.1568Grafton Chron. II. 350 John Fortham Bishop of Durham was discharged of the Treasorer-ship.1625in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 262 By virtue of his Cust[os] Rotulorum-ship.1885Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Apr. 5 There are now four A.R.A. ships vacant.1895Harper's Mag. Apr. 718/2 The positions they fill are the ‘judgeship’, the ‘searchership’, the ‘spankership’, and general ‘juryship’.b. With poss. pron. prefixed, the compounds ladyship, lordship, worship, have passed into honorific designations of the persons who are entitled to the style of ‘Lady’, ‘Lord’, ‘the Worshipful’. Hence the suffix has been freely employed to form mock titles or humourous styles of address, in which -ship is added to the ordinary designation of the person (or animal) or to a word expressing a quality which it is desired to emphasize for the nonce; this use has been extended even to adjs. (e.g. his uglyship) and adj. phr. (e.g. his beyond-sea-ship).1573–80G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 94 Wich I knowe not howe your soveraineioyeservantshipp would take.1611Beaum. & Fl. Philaster iv, I never lov'd his beyond-sea-ship.1615W. Hull Mirr. Maj. Ep. Ded., One of their Holiships.1682Shadwell Lanc. Witches i. 2, I will..teach your Master of Artship.1747W. Horsley Fool (1748) II. 165 Thus his Grandship open'd.1767Woman of Fashion I. 143 What a Chace has her Goddessship led me!1807Moore Mem. (1853) I. 229, I am beginning to talk too sentimentally for your wag-ship.1827Fonblanque Eng. under 7 Administr. (1837) I. 89 Non constat, as the lawyers say, that the voyagers venerated his monkeyship.1829T. C. Croker Leg. Lakes I. 230 Down he and the marchioness walk to the kitchen, and her marchionesship sets herself by the fire⁓side.1834M. Scott Cruise Midge xxi, ‘Take that, your owlship’, and I made a blow at him with the but-end.1865Public Opinion 21 Jan. 77/1, I have seen Dyticus rush upon a full-grown smooth newt, and no twistings and writhings of his eftship was of any avail.1873Forest & Stream I. 148/2 His Uglyship [viz. an alligator], all mouth and squirming tail.1880Miss Mulock Poems, Dead Czar 42 You..may parade Your maggotship throughout the wondering world.4. Added to ns. to denote a state of life, occupation, or behaviour, relating to or connected with what is denoted by the n., e.g. OE. béorscipe feast (lit. ‘beer-ship’), byrdscipe child-bearing, werscipe married state. Compounds of this kind are rare in the later periods; courtship (first in Shakes.) is the chief instance; countryship, if it is not merely a shortening of countrymanship, may belong here.5. Added to ns. forming compounds having a collective sense. These were numerous in OE., e.g. burᵹscipe municipality, folcscipe nation, ᵹieldscipe guild, þeᵹnscipe body of retainers, þéodscipe people, wæterscipe piece of water. township (OE. túnscipe the inhabitants of a tún) is the one survival from the OE. period; the sense ‘domain of {ddd}’ which appears in lordship 2 is not of frequent occurrence.The following is a nonce-formation after township:—1768Phil. Trans. LX. 445, I took a jaunt to the Hottentots crawl-ships [= kraal-ships].
-ship
word-forming element meaning "quality, condition; act, power, skill; office, position; relation between," Middle English -schipe, from Old English -sciepe, Anglian -scip "state, condition of being," from Proto-Germanic *-skapaz (cognates: Old Norse -skapr, Danish -skab, Old Frisian -skip, Dutch -schap, German -schaft), from *skap- "to create, ordain, appoint," from PIE root *(s)kep- (see shape, v.).
-ship

[Noun] status, condition:
relationship, friendship
-ship /ʃɪp/ suffix. OE.
ORIGIN: Old English -sćipe, -sćype, from Germanic base also of shape verb.
1.Forming nouns from nouns denoting (a) status, official position, or rank, as ambassadorship, chaplainship, citizenship, headship, professorship, etc.; (b) a tenure of an official post, as chairmanship, fellowship, etc., the emoluments etc. pertaining to such a post, as postmastership, scholarship, etc.; (c) (with possess. pronoun) a title or a humorous form of address, as his Deanship, their hagships, her ladyship, etc.
2.Forming nouns from nouns or (now rare) from adjectives, denoting a quality, state, or condition, as companionship, friendship, hardship, relationship, etc.
3.Forming nouns from nouns denoting skill or expertise in a certain capacity, as craftsmanship, entrepreneurship, horsewomanship, etc.
4.Forming nouns from nouns denoting the collective members of a group, as guildship, membership, monkship, township, etc.
5.Forming nouns from nouns denoting a state of life, occupation, or behaviour, as courtship, husbandship, etc. Now rare.
☞ ship
-ship
\ˌship\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -schipe, -shipe, -ship, from Old English -scipe; akin to Old Frisian -skip, -skipi -ship, Old Saxon -skap, -skepi, -skipi, Old High German -scaf, -scaft, Old Norse -skapr; all from a prehistoric Germanic word represented by Old High German scaf nature, condition, quality; akin to Old English sceppan, scyppan to shape — more at shape
1. : state : condition : quality
 < sonship >
 < friendship >
 < scholarship >
2. : office : dignity : profession
 < clerkship >
 < chancellorship >
 < lordship >
 < authorship >
3. : art : skill
 < horsemanship >
 < marksmanship >
 < seamanship >
4. : something showing, exhibiting, or embodying a quality or state
 < township >
 < fellowship >
 < courtship >
5. : one entitled to a (specified) rank, title, or appellation — used with possessive pronouns
 < his Lordship >

-ship

Suffix

  1. Appended to a noun to form a new noun denoting a property or state of being, or time spent in a role.
    fellow → fellowship
    owner → ownership

Etymology

From Middle English -shippe, from Old English -sciepe, -scipe (“shape, form, state”), from Proto-Germanic *-skapiz. Compare Scots -schip, West Frisian -skip, Dutch -schap, German -schaft, Danish -skab.

Synonyms

  • (property or state of being): -ness, -hood, -itude, -th, -ity, -dom

    • Derived terms

  • See Category:English words suffixed with -ship

    • 后缀：-ship [名词后缀]

    1、表示情况、状态、性质、关系

    friendship 友谊，友好

    hardship 困难，受苦

    scholarship 学问，学识

    dictatorship 专政

    partnership 合伙关系

    comradeship 同志关系

    fellowship 伙伴关系，交情

    relationship 亲属关系，联系

    2、表示身份，职位，资格，权限

    citizenship 公民权或身份

    kingship 王位，王权

    membership 成员资格

    instructorship 讲师资格

    managership 经理职位

    rulership 统治权

    lordship 贵族身份

    colonelship 上校衔

    doctorship 博士学位

    professorship 教授职位

    sonship 儿子身份

    studentship 学生身份

    ladyship 贵妇人身份

    interpretership 译中职务

    heirship 继承权

    3、表示技艺，技能，...法，...术

    airmanship 飞行技术

    salesmanship 售货术

    penmanship 书法

    marksmanship 射击术

    huntsmanship 打猎术

    workmansip 手艺，工艺

    horsemanship 骑马术

    watermanship 划船技术
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    更新时间：2025/1/24 4:23:44