survival
n.
1590s, "act of surviving; continuation after some event," from survive + -al(2). Phrase survival of the fittest (1864) was used by Spencer in place of Darwin's natural selection.
〔蒋〕[viv=live活，-al名词后缀，表示情况、状态] 幸存，残存，尚存
〔蒋〕[viv=live活，-al名词后缀，表示情况、状态] 幸存，残存，尚存