英语词汇-yl的发音释义、词根词缀、结构分析、同源词、词频及词根记忆法-英语词根词缀词典

　

词汇	-yl
词根词缀	AHD Collins Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary SOED WBD Webster Wiktionary -yl suff.（后缀） An organic acid radical: 表示“根，基”的意思：一种有机酸基： carbonyl. 羟基语源 French -yle 法语 -yle from Greek hulē [wood, matter] 源自希腊语 hulē [木，物质] -yl suffix (in chemistry) indicating a group or radical ⇒ methyl ⇒ carbonyl Origin from Greek hulē wood, matter -yl Word Origin Chemistry. 1 a suffix used in the names of radicals: ethyl. Origin < French -yle < Greek hȳ́lē matter, wood, substance -yla suffix used to indicate a chemical radical, as in ethyl. [combining form representing Greek hylē wood, matter, substance] -yl noun combining form ETYMOLOGY Greek hylē matter, material, literally, wood : chemical and usually monovalent group or radical ethyl carbonyl -yl /ɪl/ suffix Chemistry forming names of radicals 【化】表示“基”： hydroxyl phenyl. 词源 from Greek hulē 'wood， material'. -yl\|ɪl, aɪl\|formerly occas. -ule, a terminal element of chemical terms, ad. G. -yl, f. Gr. ὕλη wood, matter, substance (see hyle), used for ‘chemical principle, radical’. It was introduced by Wöhler and Liebig (Ann. der Pharm. (1832) III. 262), and first used by them in the term benzoyl; other early names were éthyle (éthule), élayle (Berzelius), dadyle, peucyle, citronyle, citryle (Blanchet and Sell). Some fifteen in anglicized form, including acetyl, amyl, cinnamyl, glyceryl, salicyl, appear in the Elements of Chemistry by T. Graham, 1842, who also invented the general term basyle for a body which unites with oxygen to form a base. Methyl is peculiar in being a back-formation from methylene.-yl is used in forming the names of radicals compounded of two or three elements in various atomic proportions, which behave in combination like simple elements and are the constant bases of series of compounds (though they may not be themselves obtainable in a free state). Thus carbonyl CO, hydroxyl HO, sulphuryl SO₂, are compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and sulphur respectively. The greater number are compounds of carbon and hydrogen, either alone, as amyl, ethyl, deutyl, trityl, or with oxygen, as acetyl, lactyl. b. Now also in more formal use in Org. Chem.1952Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 5075 Rule 58.5. Radicals derived from amino-acids which have trivial names in ine by removal of OH from all {b1}CH(NH₂)·CO₂H and related groups will be named by replacing the ending ine with yl.1965Recommended Names for Chemicals used in Industry (B.S.I.) 11 Univalent radicals derived from cycloalkanes with no side chain are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the hydrocarbon name by ‘-yl’.1966[see furyl].1971Nomencl. Org. Chem. (I.U.P.A.C.) (ed. 3) A. 5 Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched acyclic hydrocarbons by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by replacing the ending ‘-ane’ of the name of the hydrocarbon by ‘-yl’.Ibid. B. 70 Univalent heterocyclic radicals whose names end in ‘-yl’.Ibid. C. 128 Radicals derived from unsubstituted ring assemblies are named by adding ‘-yl’,..etc., to the name of the assembly. -yl chemical suffix used in forming names of radicals, from French -yle, from Greek hyle "wood," also "building stuff, raw material" (from which something is made), of unknown origin. The use in chemistry traces to the latter sense (except in methylene, where it means "wood"). It was introduced into chemical nomenclature by Liebig and Wohler when, in 1832, they used the term benzoyle for the radical which appeared to be the "essential material" of benzoic acid and related compounds. [Flood] -yl /ʌɪl, ɪl/ suffix. Also -ule^†. ORIGIN: Greek hulē wood, material. 1.Chemistry. Forming names of various groups and radicals, esp. those containing (a) any element combined with either oxygen or hydrogen, as carbonyl, chromyl, hydroxyl, sulphydryl; (b) carbon and hydrogen alone, as amyl, butyl, ethyl; (c) carbon and hydrogen with oxygen, as acetyl, carboxyl, lactyl.b. Forming names of compounds containing such a group or radical, as alkyl, biphenyl. 2.Forming trade and proprietary names of various drugs, man-made fibres, etc., as Drinamyl, Rhovyl, Thermolactyl. -yl combining form. Chemistry. a radical composed of two or more elements (with one usually designated by the base word) acting like a simple element and forming the foundation of a series of compounds, as in alkyl, acetyl, carbonyl. [< French -yle < Greek hlē wood; stuff, matter] -yl \_ə̇l, ˌil, -ˌēl, (when t, d, or n precedes) _^əl; chiefly Brit ˌīl\ noun combining form (-s) Etymology: Greek hylē wood, matter; first used in German benzoyl, literally, fundamental material of benzoic acid, from benz- + Greek hylē — more at hyle : chemical radical: as a. : univalent radical < ethyl > < pyridyl > < hydroxyl > b. : radical containing oxygen < carbonyl > < chromyl > including a few radicals of organic acids < acetyl > < glycyl > < succinyl > — compare -oyl -yl Suffix organic chemistry A univalent radical or functional group formed from a given molecule. Thus "propyl" from propane, "benzyl" from benzene, and so forth. Etymology Via French methylene from Ancient Greek ὕλη (húlē, “wood, material”).^[1] Derived terms derivative suffixes -enyl -ylidene -ynyl terms ending in "-yl" benzyl butyl ethyl propyl methyl References ^ The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989.
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