sulpho-variant of sulph-, before a consonant.

Also, sulfo-.

sulpho-
⇨ see sulph-

sulpho-|ˈsʌlfəʊ|before a vowel also sulph- (q.v.), used as combining form of sulphur, in names of chemical compounds containing sulphur, or (in modern use) produced by the substitution of sulphur for oxygen (etc.) in a compound: in this sense now superseded extensively by thio-, q.v. (Many of the names originated with French chemists.) E.g. sulphocyanic, sulphovinic, with derivatives; ˌsulphoantiˈmonic, sulpho-arˈsenic = sulphantimonic, -arsenic (see sulph-); sulphoˈbenzoate, a salt of sulphobenˈzoic acid, formed by the combination of sulphuric acid with benzoic acid; so sulphoˈbenzamate, sulpho-benˈzamic, sulpho-ˈbenzamide, sulpho-ˈbenzide, etc.; sulphoˈcarbonate, sulpho-carˈbonic, etc. = thiocarbonate, -carbonic; ˌsulphocarˈbolic = phenolsulphonic. Also sulpho-acid, sulpho-salt; sulpho-compound, sulpho-group. In mod. use often repr. sulphonyl, as in sulphochlorination, -lipid below. ˌsulphobromoˈphthalein Pharm. [bromo- + phthalein] = bromosulphthalein s.v. bromo-; ˌsulphochloriˈnation Chem., the introduction of the chlorosulphonyl group, ClSO₂{b1}, into a molecule; ˈsulpholipid Biochem., any of a class of lipids whose structures terminate with the sulphonate group, {b1}SO₃^—.1855Scoffern Orr's Circ. Sci., Chem. 473 Pentasulphuret of antimony, otherwise called *sulpho-antimonic acid.1836T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. 530 *Sulpho-Antimonite of Nickel.1833Rees tr. Berzelius' Anal. Inorg. Bodies 135 *Sulpho-arseniates.Ibid. 137 *Sulpho-arsenites.1842Graham Elem. Chem. 101 *Sulpho-arsenious and *sulpho-arsenic acids, which resemble arsenious and arsenic acids respectively in composition, but contain sulphur instead of oxygen.1864Webster, Sulpho-arsenic,..said of an acid consisting of five equivalents of sulphur and one of arsenic.1836T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. 537 *Sulpho-Arsenide of Cobalt.1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 486 Ethylic *Sulphobenzamate, or *Sulphobenzamic Ether.Ibid. 484 Sulphobenzamic acid..the amic acid of sulphobenzoic acid.1835R. D. & T. Thomson's Rec. Gen. Sci. I. 206 *Sulpho-benzide.1854Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VI. 195 note, Sulphophenylamide, the amide of Mitscherlich's *sulphobenzidic acid.1843Chem. Gaz. I. 598 The existence of *sulphobenzine, C²⁴H⁵SO², and of *sulphobenzinic acid.1835R. D. & T. Thomson's Rec. Gen. Sci. I. 129 The *sulpho-benzoates of zinc.Ibid. 128 *Sulphobenzoic Acid.—This acid is formed by adding benzoin to sulphuric acid as long as any of it is taken up.1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 489 *Sulphobenzol, C⁷H⁶S. Syn. with Sulphide of Benzylene.1856Fownes' Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 6) 489 *Sulphobenzolate of baryta.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. v. §1. 305 *Sulpho-benzolic and sulphanilic acid, have actually been obtained.1945Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Aug. 1001/2 A positive Hanger test or a strong *sulfobromophthalein dye retention also provides valuable evidence [of hepatitis].1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. ii. 34 Frequently employed diagnostic agents include..sulfobromophthalein for liver function tests.1856Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VIII. 271 *Sulphobutylic Acid may be separated from its baryta-salt by sulphuric acid.Ibid. IX. 253 *Sulphobutyrate of barium.Ibid., The preparation of disulphopropiolic and *sulphobutyric acid.1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 490 *Sulphocarbamate of Ammonium..crystallises in long lemon-yellow prisms.Ibid., *Sulphocarbamic acid is obtained in the free state by decomposing the ammonium-salt with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid.Ibid. 493 *Sulphocarbamide..has not yet been obtained. It contains the elements of sulphocyanate of ammonium.1876Dunglison Med. Lex., *Sulphocarbolates,..a class of salts prepared by heating together pure carbolic and sulphuric acids, diluting with water, and saturating with the base, as soda, zinc, &c.Ibid., *Sulphocarbolic Acid,..a compound soluble crystalline acid, resulting from the union of hydrated sulphuric acid and pure carbolic acid.1833Rees tr. Berzelius' Anal. Inorg. Bodies 132 The *sulphocarbonates of alkaline earths and metals, when heated, yield a residue of sulphuret, and disengage sulphuret of carbon.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. iii. §3. 146 *Sulphocarbonic acid (bisulphide of carbon).1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 494 Sulphocarbonic ethers. These are bodies having the composition of carbonic ethers, in which the oxygen is replaced, wholly or partly, by sulphur.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 196 When ethal is placed in contact with common sulphuric acid, without the application of heat, there is no action. But, when we apply the heat of the water-bath,..*sulphocetic acid is formed. The *sulphocetate of potash is neutral.1931Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LIII. 2648 Phenols can be converted in phenolpolysulfonylchlorides by the action of chlorosulfonic acid. It also was noticed that the reagent caused four distinct types of reaction: namely, sulfonation, *sulfochlorination, chlorination, oxidation.1980Chem. in Brit. XVI. 466/1 The sulphochlorination of paraffins to alkane sulphonyl chlorides is conducted in the presence of uv light.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. vi. §1. 374 The sulpholeic acid is more permanent than the *sulpho-compounds of the solid fatty acids.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 196 *Sulphoglycerate of lime.1838R. D. Thomson in Brit. Annual 313 *Sulpho-glyceric acid.1871Jrnl. Chem. Soc. N.S. IX. 378 Therefore sulphanilic acid holds the *sulpho- and amide-groups in the positions 1 : 4.1880Jrnl. Soc. Arts XXVIII. 446 They..introduced both the sulpho-groups into one side of the molecule.1930M. Bodansky Introd. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 2) iii. 70 Aminolipids, *sulfolipids, etc.—groups which are at present not sufficiently well characterized for classification.1977D. E. Metzler Biochem. ii. 112/2 Chloroplasts contain a large amount of a special sulfolipid.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 179 Sulphomethylic acid [is obtained] from *sulphomethylate of barytes.1836Brande Chem. (ed. 4) 1127 *Sulpho-methylic acid.1826Phil. Trans. CXVI. Index, *Sulphonaphthalates.1826Faraday ibid. ii. 162, I may..suggest [the name] *sulpho-naphthalic acid, which sufficiently indicates its source and nature without the inconvenience of involving theoretical views.1844Chem. Gaz. II. 509 The *sulphonitrite is transformed into *sulphonitrate under the influence of sulphurous acid.Ibid. 508 When the sulphonitrite of potash is treated with a fresh quantity of sulphurous acid in presence of an excess of potash, it is completely transformed into another salt, which contains a new acid, which I have named *sulphonitric.Ibid., *Sulphonitrous acid is formed of four elements, which represent sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, nitrous acid and water.1837R. D. Thomson in Brit. Annual 348 *Sulpho-oleic acid.1845Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat. I. 207 The compound of sulphuric acid and elaine, or sulph-oleic acid.1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 844/1 *Sulphophœnicic acid, sulphopurpuric acid, or indigo purple.1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 744 *Sulphoricinic phenol.1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 1082 *Sulphosaccharate of lead falls.Ibid., Peligot prepared *sulphosaccharic acid by carefully adding 3 parts of sulphuric acid to 1 of grape sugar fused on a water-bath.1836Ibid. (ed. 4) 956 *Sulphosinapic acid was found by Henry and Garot (Jour. de Chim. Med. [1825] I.) in mustard, radish, and turnip-seed... The *Sulphosinapates of the alkaline bases are crystallizable.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 903 There exists in it [sc. mustard] a peculiar crystallizable body, to which they gave the name of *sulphosinapisin; but which has been shortened by Berzelius into sinapin.1868Fownes' Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 224 Tellurium Sulphides..are brown or black substances, which unite with metallic sulphides, forming salts called sulphotellurites and *sulphotellurates.1844Fownes Chem. 310 *Sulpho-telluret [ed. 1852 *sulpho-telluride] of bismuth.1900Daily News 19 Feb. 8/6 A plant capable of treating fifty tons of sulpho⁓telluride ore.1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 718 Tellurous sulphide combines with the sulphides of basylous metals, forming the *sulphotellurites.1878Kingzett Anim. Chem. 197 Compound *sulpho-ureas.b. occas. in other technical uses = ‘sulphur’: ˌsulphobacˈteria n. pl. (see quot.); sulpho-ˈchromic a., sulphur-coloured.1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Sulphobacteria,..bacterial organisms which grow in sulphurated waters, and which contain sulphur.1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instrum. 57 Suture or Ligature Sulpho-Chromic Catgut.

sulpho- /ˈsʌlfəʊ/ combining form. Also (US & Chemistry) sulfo-.

ORIGIN: from sulphur: see -o-.

Sulphur; spec. (Chemistry) forming nouns denoting compounds that contain sulphur, esp. as the sulphonyl group or in place of oxygen etc. (in this latter sense now superseded extensively by thio-).

DERIVATIVE sulpho-acid noun (Chemistry) an acid containing (esp. hexavalent) sulphur; esp. sulphonic acid: M19.
sulphobromoˈphthalein noun (Pharmacology) a dye derived from phenolphthalein, used in testing liver function M20.
sulphoˈcyanate noun (Chemistry) = thiocyanate M19.
sulphocyˈanic adjective (Chemistry) = thiocyanic E19.
sulpholipid noun (Biochemistry) a lipid whose structures terminate with a sulphonic acid group M20.
sulphosalt noun orig. (Chemistry), a salt of a sulpho-acid; now (Mineralogy), any of a group of mostly rare minerals containing sulphur or selenium and two (or more) metallic elements: M19.

sulpho-
I. combining form
see sulf-
II.
see sulph-

sulpho-

Prefix

Britain, chemistry Alternative spelling of sulfo-

Etymology

Shortening of sulphur

词汇	sulpho-
词根词缀	Macquarie MWCD OED SOED Webster Wiktionary sulpho-variant of sulph-, before a consonant. Also, sulfo-. sulpho- ⇨ see sulph- sulpho-\|ˈsʌlfəʊ\|before a vowel also sulph- (q.v.), used as combining form of sulphur, in names of chemical compounds containing sulphur, or (in modern use) produced by the substitution of sulphur for oxygen (etc.) in a compound: in this sense now superseded extensively by thio-, q.v. (Many of the names originated with French chemists.) E.g. sulphocyanic, sulphovinic, with derivatives; *ˌsulphoantiˈmonic, sulpho-arˈsenic* = sulphantimonic, -arsenic (see sulph-); *sulphoˈbenzoate, a salt of sulphobenˈzoic acid, formed by the combination of sulphuric acid with benzoic acid; so sulphoˈbenzamate, sulpho-benˈzamic, sulpho-ˈbenzamide, sulpho-ˈbenzide, etc.; sulphoˈcarbonate, sulpho-carˈbonic, etc. = thiocarbonate, -carbonic; ˌsulphocarˈbolic* = phenolsulphonic. Also sulpho-acid, sulpho-salt; *sulpho-compound, sulpho-group. In mod. use often repr. sulphonyl, as in sulphochlorination, -lipid* below. ˌsulphobromoˈphthalein Pharm. [bromo- + phthalein] = bromosulphthalein s.v. bromo-; ˌsulphochloriˈnation Chem., the introduction of the chlorosulphonyl group, ClSO₂{b1}, into a molecule; ˈsulpholipid Biochem., any of a class of lipids whose structures terminate with the sulphonate group, {b1}SO₃^—.1855Scoffern Orr's Circ. Sci., Chem. 473 Pentasulphuret of antimony, otherwise called sulpho-antimonic acid.1836T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. 530 Sulpho-Antimonite of Nickel.1833Rees tr. Berzelius' Anal. Inorg. Bodies 135 Sulpho-arseniates.Ibid. 137 Sulpho-arsenites.1842Graham Elem. Chem. 101 Sulpho-arsenious and sulpho-arsenic acids, which resemble arsenious and arsenic acids respectively in composition, but contain sulphur instead of oxygen.1864Webster, Sulpho-arsenic,..said of an acid consisting of five equivalents of sulphur and one of arsenic.1836T. Thomson Min., Geol., etc. 537 Sulpho-Arsenide of Cobalt.1868Watts Dict. Chem.* V. 486 Ethylic Sulphobenzamate, or Sulphobenzamic Ether.Ibid. 484 Sulphobenzamic acid..the amic acid of sulphobenzoic acid.1835R. D. & T. Thomson's Rec. Gen. Sci. I. 206 Sulpho-benzide.1854Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VI. 195 note, Sulphophenylamide, the amide of Mitscherlich's sulphobenzidic acid.1843Chem. Gaz. I. 598 The existence of sulphobenzine, C²⁴H⁵SO², and of sulphobenzinic acid.1835R. D. & T. Thomson's Rec. Gen. Sci. I. 129 The sulpho-benzoates of zinc.Ibid. 128 Sulphobenzoic Acid.—This acid is formed by adding benzoin to sulphuric acid as long as any of it is taken up.1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 489 Sulphobenzol, C⁷H⁶S. Syn. with Sulphide of Benzylene.1856Fownes' Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 6) 489 Sulphobenzolate of baryta.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. v. §1. 305 Sulpho-benzolic and sulphanilic acid, have actually been obtained.1945Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Aug. 1001/2 A positive Hanger test or a strong sulfobromophthalein dye retention also provides valuable evidence [of hepatitis].1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. ii. 34 Frequently employed diagnostic agents include..sulfobromophthalein for liver function tests.1856Q. Jrnl. Chem. Soc. VIII. 271 Sulphobutylic Acid may be separated from its baryta-salt by sulphuric acid.Ibid. IX. 253 Sulphobutyrate of barium.Ibid., The preparation of disulphopropiolic and sulphobutyric acid.1868Watts Dict. Chem.* V. 490 Sulphocarbamate of Ammonium..crystallises in long lemon-yellow prisms.Ibid., Sulphocarbamic acid is obtained in the free state by decomposing the ammonium-salt with dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid.Ibid. 493 Sulphocarbamide..has not yet been obtained. It contains the elements of sulphocyanate of ammonium.1876Dunglison Med. Lex., Sulphocarbolates,..a class of salts prepared by heating together pure carbolic and sulphuric acids, diluting with water, and saturating with the base, as soda, zinc, &c.Ibid., Sulphocarbolic Acid,..a compound soluble crystalline acid, resulting from the union of hydrated sulphuric acid and pure carbolic acid.1833Rees tr. Berzelius' Anal. Inorg. Bodies* 132 The sulphocarbonates of alkaline earths and metals, when heated, yield a residue of sulphuret, and disengage sulphuret of carbon.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org.* iii. §3. 146 Sulphocarbonic acid (bisulphide of carbon).1868Watts Dict. Chem.* V. 494 Sulphocarbonic ethers. These are bodies having the composition of carbonic ethers, in which the oxygen is replaced, wholly or partly, by sulphur.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 196 When ethal is placed in contact with common sulphuric acid, without the application of heat, there is no action. But, when we apply the heat of the water-bath,..sulphocetic acid is formed. The sulphocetate of potash is neutral.1931Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LIII. 2648 Phenols can be converted in phenolpolysulfonylchlorides by the action of chlorosulfonic acid. It also was noticed that the reagent caused four distinct types of reaction: namely, sulfonation, sulfochlorination, chlorination, oxidation.1980Chem. in Brit. XVI. 466/1 The sulphochlorination of paraffins to alkane sulphonyl chlorides is conducted in the presence of uv light.1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org.* vi. §1. 374 The sulpholeic acid is more permanent than the sulpho-compounds of the solid fatty acids.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies* 196 Sulphoglycerate of lime.1838R. D. Thomson in Brit. Annual* 313 Sulpho-glyceric acid.1871Jrnl. Chem. Soc. N.S. IX. 378 Therefore sulphanilic acid holds the sulpho- and amide-groups in the positions 1 : 4.1880Jrnl. Soc. Arts XXVIII. 446 They..introduced both the sulpho-groups into one side of the molecule.1930M. Bodansky Introd. Physiol. Chem. (ed. 2) iii. 70 Aminolipids, sulfolipids, etc.—groups which are at present not sufficiently well characterized for classification.1977D. E. Metzler Biochem.* ii. 112/2 Chloroplasts contain a large amount of a special sulfolipid.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 179 Sulphomethylic acid [is obtained] from sulphomethylate of barytes.1836Brande Chem.* (ed. 4) 1127 Sulpho-methylic acid.1826Phil. Trans. CXVI. Index, Sulphonaphthalates.1826Faraday ibid. ii. 162, I may..suggest [the name] sulpho-naphthalic acid, which sufficiently indicates its source and nature without the inconvenience of involving theoretical views.1844Chem. Gaz. II. 509 The sulphonitrite is transformed into sulphonitrate under the influence of sulphurous acid.Ibid. 508 When the sulphonitrite of potash is treated with a fresh quantity of sulphurous acid in presence of an excess of potash, it is completely transformed into another salt, which contains a new acid, which I have named sulphonitric.Ibid., Sulphonitrous acid is formed of four elements, which represent sulphuric acid, sulphurous acid, nitrous acid and water.1837R. D. Thomson in Brit. Annual* 348 Sulpho-oleic acid.1845Todd & Bowman Phys. Anat.* I. 207 The compound of sulphuric acid and elaine, or sulph-oleic acid.1881Encycl. Brit. XII. 844/1 Sulphophœnicic acid, sulphopurpuric acid, or indigo purple.1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 744 Sulphoricinic phenol.1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 1082 Sulphosaccharate of lead falls.Ibid., Peligot prepared sulphosaccharic acid by carefully adding 3 parts of sulphuric acid to 1 of grape sugar fused on a water-bath.1836Ibid. (ed. 4) 956 Sulphosinapic acid was found by Henry and Garot (Jour. de Chim. Med.* [1825] I.) in mustard, radish, and turnip-seed... The Sulphosinapates of the alkaline bases are crystallizable.1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies* 903 There exists in it [sc. mustard] a peculiar crystallizable body, to which they gave the name of sulphosinapisin; but which has been shortened by Berzelius into sinapin.1868Fownes' Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 224 Tellurium Sulphides..are brown or black substances, which unite with metallic sulphides, forming salts called sulphotellurites and sulphotellurates.1844Fownes Chem. 310 Sulpho-telluret [ed. 1852* sulpho-telluride] of bismuth.1900Daily News 19 Feb. 8/6 A plant capable of treating fifty tons of sulpho⁓telluride ore.1868Watts Dict. Chem.* V. 718 Tellurous sulphide combines with the sulphides of basylous metals, forming the sulphotellurites.1878Kingzett Anim. Chem.* 197 Compound sulpho-ureas.b. occas.* in other technical uses = ‘sulphur’: ˌsulphobacˈteria n. pl. (see quot.); sulpho-ˈchromic a., sulphur-coloured.1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Sulphobacteria,..bacterial organisms which grow in sulphurated waters, and which contain sulphur.1895Arnold & Sons' Catal. Surg. Instrum. 57 Suture or Ligature Sulpho-Chromic Catgut. sulpho- /ˈsʌlfəʊ/ combining form. Also (US & Chemistry) sulfo-. ORIGIN: from sulphur: see -o-. Sulphur; spec. (Chemistry) forming nouns denoting compounds that contain sulphur, esp. as the sulphonyl group or in place of oxygen etc. (in this latter sense now superseded extensively by thio-). DERIVATIVE sulpho-acid noun (Chemistry) an acid containing (esp. hexavalent) sulphur; esp. sulphonic acid: M19. sulphobromoˈphthalein noun (Pharmacology) a dye derived from phenolphthalein, used in testing liver function M20. sulphoˈcyanate noun (Chemistry) = thiocyanate M19. sulphocyˈanic adjective (Chemistry) = thiocyanic E19. sulpholipid noun (Biochemistry) a lipid whose structures terminate with a sulphonic acid group M20. sulphosalt noun orig. (Chemistry), a salt of a sulpho-acid; now (Mineralogy), any of a group of mostly rare minerals containing sulphur or selenium and two (or more) metallic elements: M19. sulpho- I. combining form see sulf- II. see sulph- sulpho- Prefix Britain, chemistry Alternative spelling of sulfo- Etymology Shortening of sulphur
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