nitro- 或 nitr-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Nitrate; niter:
硝化；硝石：
nitrobacterium.
硝化细菌 - Nitrogen:
氮：
nitrile.
腈 - Containing the univalent group NO2:
含有一价基NO2：
nitromethane.
硝基甲烷
语源
- New Latin
现代拉丁语 - from Latin nitrum [natron] * see niter
源自 拉丁语 nitrum [碳酸钠] *参见 niter
nitro- or (before a vowel) nitr-
combining form
indicating that a chemical compound contains a nitro group, -NO2 ⇒
nitrobenzene
indicating that a chemical compound is a nitrate ester
⇒
nitrocellulose
Origin
from Greek nitron natronnitro-
Word Origin
1
a combining form used in the names of chemical compounds in which the nitro group is present:
nitroglycerin.
Also, especially before a vowel, nitr-.
Origin
combining form of Greek nítron. See niter
Related Words
- methyltrinitrobenzene
- nitr-
- nitrobacteria
- nitrobenzene
- nitrocellulose
- nitrochloroform
nitro-1. a word element indicating the group NO2.
2. a misnomer for the nitrate group (NO3), as in nitrocellulose.
Also, nitr-. [Greek, combining form of nitron native sodium carbonate]
nitro-
combining form
⇨ see nitr-
combining form
⇨ see nitr-
nitro-
combining form
- of or containing nitric acid, nitrates, or nitrogen表示“硝酸的”; “硝酸盐的”; “含氮的”：
-
nitrogenous.
- ■ Chemistry containing a nitro group【化】表示“硝基的”：
-
nitromethane.
词源
from NITRE or NITROGEN .
1845 Chem. Gaz. III. 461Researches on Azobenzide and *Nitrobenzinic Acid.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 401Nitric acid converts the butyric into *nitrobutyric acid.
1873 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 688When boiled with nitric acid, it is converted into *nitro-caprylic acid.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 477Nitric acid converts it into *nitro⁓cinnamic acid.
1868 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 10) 668Fuming nitric acid dissolves it, forming..an acid called *nitro⁓frangulic acid.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 243/1A new acid is formed, which is the *nitrohematic acid.
1858 Thudichum Urine 145It reappears as *nitrohippuric acid in the urine.
1845 Chem. Gaz. III. 2*Nitrohumic acid is tetrabasic.
1828–32 Webster, *Nitroleucic, designating an acid obtained from leucine acted on by nitre.
1847 Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. 165/1A crystalline nitroleucic acid is formed.
1850 Ogilvie, *Nitromeconic acid, an acid formed by the action of strong nitric acid, aided by a gentle heat, on meconine.
Ibid. ,*Nitronaphthalic acid, an acid obtained by the action of alkalies on nitro-naphthalise.
1846 Chem. Gaz. IV. 237The *nitrophenesic acid was prepared by treating pure hydrate of phenyle with nitric acid.
1845 Chem. Gaz. III. 229In this manner *nitrophenissic acid is obtained in six-sided prisms.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 571Carbazotic,..nitro-phenisic, or picric acid.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 243/1The protoxide of iron, separated, becomes peroxide at the expense of the *nitropicric acid.
1836–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. II. 405/2A peculiar crystallisable compound,..which he calls the *nitro-saccharic acid.
1847 Chem. Gaz. V. 214Salicylic acid, when treated with sulphuronitric mixture, yields at first indigotic (*nitro⁓ salicylic) acid.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 399When valeric acid is boiled..a great part is converted into *nitro⁓valeric acid.
1796 Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 245His *nitro-vitriolic acid also dissolves it.
1892 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Nitro-anilin.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 952The presence of aniline, nitro-aniline or some coloured product due to the reduction of the nitro-benzole.
1854 Fownes Chem. (ed. 5) 609Three substitution-products, *nitro–, binitro-, and trinitro-anisol.
1848 Chem. Gaz. VI. 420It is probably the *nitrobenzamide recently described by Field, which he obtained by heating the *nitrobenzoate of ammonia.
1844 Ibid. II. 185Benzonitril is therefore isomeric with Laurent's *nitrobenzoile.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 306*Nitro-benzol and dinitro-benzol.
1847 Chem. Gaz. V. 215Cumene, treated with fuming nitric acid, yields *nitro-cumene and binitrocumene.
1868 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 10) 579Cold fuming nitric acid converts it into liquid nitro⁓cymene.
1930 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LII. 2550In connection with the preparation of aminofurans and their diazo⁓compounds, it was necessary to have a series of readily accessible *nitrofurans and their derivatives.
1950 Jrnl. Pharmacol. &Exper. Therap. XCVIII. 163Of the nitrofurans fed in this study, the ones which result in appreciable antibacterial activity in the urine are characterized by a side-chain of the semicarbazone, semi⁓oxamazone, or closely related type in the 2-position of the furan ring.
1959 Times 7 Dec. (Agriculture Suppl. ) p. vii/4To prevent coccidiosis in chickens, nitrophenid, a sulfonamide, or a nitrofuran is added to the feed.
1970 W. H. Parker Health &Dis. in Farm Animals xiii. 180When the vaccine is used antibiotics and nitrofurans must only be used..for calves showing actual symptoms.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 243/1The *nitrohematate of ammonia.
Ibid. ,The *nitroleucate of lime and of magnesia.
1849 Maule in Q.Jrnl. Chem. Soc. II. 116For which I propose the name *Nitromesidine, instead of Nitromesitilidine.
1872 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXV. 804*Nitromethane is a heavy oil, of a peculiar odour; it boils at 99°.
1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 225Methyl-nitrite and nitro⁓methane have the same formula.
1950 Sci. News XV. 78A third group..is the monergols, which contain the oxygen needed for their own combustion. Members of this group, such as nitromethane (CH3NO2), tend to be unstable, and research is now being intensively carried out with the object of making them safe to handle.
1972 Materials & Technol. IV. xv. 548Nitromethane is used as a solvent for cellulose esters and vinyl resins.
1836 R. D. & T. Thomson Rec. Gen. Sci. III. 295*Nitro-naphthalase is formed by the action of boiling nitric acid upon naphthaline.
1866 Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 48*Nitronaphthalene.
1836 R. D. & T. Thomson Rec. Gen. Sci. III. 296*Nitro-naphthalese may be formed by boiling the preceding with nitric acid for a long time. [ nitro-naphthalase]
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 574A sulphur-yellow compound, termed *nitro⁓naphthalin.
1892 Morley & Muir Watts'Dict. Chem. II. 578/1Primary *nitro-paraffins.
1852 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 4) 646Nitrophenasic acid = *Nitrophenol.
1905 Cain & Thorpe Synthetic Dyestuffs xviii. 149The formation of these compounds is brought about by heating crude nitrophenol..with aniline and aniline hydrochloride. [ sc. the Nigrosines]
1949 P. W. Vittum tr. Fierz-David & Blangey'sFund. Proc. DyeChem. i. 148,o- and p-nitrophenols are the starting materials for o- and p-phenetidine and anisidine.
1972 Materials & Technol. IV. xv. 554The nitrophenols are extremely hazardous materials; not only as a fire risk but also because the polynitrophenols are explosive.
1840 Penny Cycl. XVI. 243/2*Nitrosaccharate of potash..crystallizes in needles.
1868 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 10) 686Very strong nitric acid..converts sugar into *nitrosaccharose.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 288Strychnia..yields a nitrate or a new substitution-base, *nitrostrychnia.
Ibid. 292Of these the most remarkable are amalic acid.., and *nitro-theine or cholestrophan. [ products]
1871 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXIV. 871 (table)*Nitrotoluene.
1915 Dyestuffs & Coal-Tar Products i. 24 2-Nitrotoluene may be..reduced to o-azoxytoluene, which is then acidified..and reduced to tolidine sulphate.
1964 N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xix. 377A substituent in the side-chain of toluene may be designated ‘α-’; for example, α-nitrotoluene, C6H5.CH2.NO2.
1972 Materials & Technol. IV. xv. 551para-Nitrotoluene, a brownish-yellow solid.., is employed in the manufacture of para-toluidine.
1854 Fownes' Chem. (ed. 5) 615Toluol..with nitric acid yields two products, *nitrotoluol..and binitrotoluol.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 628If cold dilute nitric acid be employed, nitrate of *nitrotyrosine..is formed.
1882 Amer. Nat. XVI. 78Groth describes a natural nitrate of Baryta from Chili... An appropriate..name for this mineral would be *Nitrobarite.
1835 Shepard Min. II. 84*Nitrocalcite..is found in silky efflorescenses.
1861 Briton Gloss. 260Nitrocalcite..dissolves in one-fourth its weight of water.
1885 Cassell's Encycl. Dict. ,*Nitroglauberite, a mineral found in fibrous translucent masses, consisting of imperfect crystals.
1892 Dana Min. (ed. 6) 873Nitroglauberite... From the desert of Atacama.
1835 Shepard Min. II. 85*Nitromagnesite. Magnesian earthysalt.
1893 Chapman BlowpipePract. 194Nitromagnesite..closely resembles nitrocalcite.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 307Many of the *nitro-acids obtained in this manner are yellow, and yield salts which have a yellow colour.
1670 W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 132It consists of three ingredients, viz. the *nitro-aluminous salt.
1793 Beddoes Calculus, etc. 258Was not Mayow..infinitely nearer the truth..when he imputed muscular motion to the effervescence of his *nitro-atmospherical particles?
1891 Jrnl. R.Microsc. Soc. 680M. Winogradsky, who at one time ascribed the nitrifying faculty to a single species of bacteria.., has..satisfied himself that morphological differences exist in these organisms, and they are now classed together in a group of ‘*Nitrobacteria’, the common characteristic of which is the oxidation of the ammoniacal nitrogen.
1906 E. W. Hilgard Soils ix. 146The oxidation of the nitrites into nitrates by..rod-shaped bacilli, named nitrobacteria.
1965 B. E. Freeman tr. Vandel's Biospeleology xix. 335The nitrobacteria have the effect of mineralising proteins.
1882 Allen Comm. Org. Anal. II. 366The various *nitro-celluloses are soluble in strong caustic soda, undergoing partial saponification with formation of cellulose and sodium nitrate.
1911 E. C. Worden Nitrocellulose Industry I. xiii. 459The nitrocellulose silks dissolve in concentrated sulphuric acid.
1931 Economist 28 Feb. 431/2 There is reason to believe that nitro-cellulose, lacquers, oils..are all being manufactured or obtained in France.
1955 F. D. Miles Cellulose Nitrate vi. 221On account of its capacity to swell in nitroglycerine and to absorb it, nitrocellulose is an almost indispensable component of both the two principal classes of explosive—blasting explosives..and propellant explosives.
1962 F. T. Day Introd. to Paper v. 53Nitrocellulose finishing is now an established process for printing work, the smooth and polished surface being obtained by coating on the machine.
1972 Materials & Technol. V. xi. 336Nitrocellulose paints and varnishes dry very fast to give hard, flexible, and reasonably durable films.
1927 Daily Express 7 Dec. 12/4 To replace Chilean nitrate we shall make..*nitrochalk, a rich mixture of nitrogen and calcium.
1936 Trade Marks Jrnl. 4 Nov. 1355/1Nitro-Chalk... Artificial fertilisers for soils... I.C.I. (Fertilizer & Synthetic Products) Limited,..London,..manufactures.
1954 Jrnl. Brit. GrasslandSoc. IX. 323 (heading)The influence of ‘Nitro-Chalk’ on established lucerne leys.
1966 Webster & Wilson Agric. in Tropics viii. 197It would seem wise to consider other types of nitrogenous fertilizer, such as nitro-chalk (15·5 per cent N) or ammonium nitrate.., as alternatives to the long-continued use of sulphate of ammonia.
1857 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. 306The production of *nitro-compounds corresponding to nitro-benzol and dinitro-benzol.
1892 Greener Breech Loader 160The explosive used in shot guns is either black gunpowder..or a nitro-compound (carbon base, treated with nitric and sulphuric acids).
1928 Adkins & McElvain Elem. Org. Chem. x. 101Many of these nitro compounds are of considerable importance.
1962 P. J. & B. Durrant Introd. Adv. Inorg. Chem. xix. 679The nitro compounds are made by the action of silver nitrite on the alkyl iodide.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 957For the ‘Kieselguhr’..he substituted *nitro-cotton.
1884 Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl. 635/2*Nitrogelatine, an explosive agent invented by Nobel, formed by dissolving gun-cotton in nitroglycerine, with camphor added.
1886 E. F. Smith tr. V. von Richter'sChem. Carbon Compounds 79The *nitro-group always exerts such an acidic influence upon hydrogen linked to carbon.
1938 C. D. Hurd in H. Gilman Org. Chem. I. vii. 628The peculiar activity of the fourth nitro group in C(NO2)4 should be mentioned.
1964 J. W. Linnett ElectronicStruct. Molecules iv. 65There is much evidence which suggests that the nitro-group (NO2) is a very stable group in many different molecules.
1908 Trans. FaradaySoc. IV. 104A great outcry was, and still is, made warning farmers against the use of calcium cyanamide, popularly known as *nitrolim, or at least advising that it should be employed with the utmost caution.
1909 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XCVI. 893 (heading)Formation of ‘Nitrolime’.
1923 J. Hendrick Farmer's Raw Materials x. 156When nitrolim is applied to the soil its nitrogen quickly turns to ammonia, and the ammonia in turn changes to nitrate.
1962 J. H. White Inorg. Chem. xxi. 331Nitrolime is a soluble fertilizer, rich in nitrogen.
1895 Thomson & Bloxam Chem. 155No. 2 is absorbed by many finely divided metals, forming compounds called *nitro-metals.
1782 Kirwan in Phil. Trans. LXXIII. 48The decomposition of *nitro-neutral salts by the marine acid depends on the same principles.
1892 Greener Breech Loader 163*Nitro powders possess various advantages over black, the chief being the absence of smoke after the discharge.
1894 Field 9 June 814/3 Recent trials of nitro powders in an 8-bore gun.
1862 Miller Elem. Chem. ,Org. (ed. 2) 942*Nitrosubstitutes of sugar, starch, &c.
1867 Bloxam Chem. 128The spaces thus left vacant have been filled up by the nitric peroxide.., producing what is termed a *nitro-substitution compound.
1663 Boyle Usef. Exp.Nat. Philos. ii. v. ii. 126By this *Nitro-Tartareous Salt..those Vegetables, whose Juice affords it..may be discriminated from those many others, from whence it is not to..be obtained.
nitro-
before vowels nitr-, word-forming element used scientifically and indicating "nitrogen, nitrate" or "nitric acid," from comb. form of Greek nitron (see nitre).
ORIGIN: from nitre Greek nitron : see -o-
☞ nitro
ni·tro-
\in pronunciations below, | ̷ ̷ ̷ ̷.|nī.(ˌ)trō or -._trə\
— see nitr-
— see nitr-
nitro-nitr- (before a vowel)
Prefix
- nitrate, nitrogen
- containing the nitro functional group
Etymology
From Ancient Greek νίτρον (nítron). See niter.