pref.(前缀)
- After; later:
…之后;稍后的:
postmillennial.
千禧年后的 - Behind; posterior to:
在后面;在…之后的:
postaxial.
轴后的
语源
- Latin
拉丁语 - from post [behind, after] * see apo-
源自 post [在后面,…之后] *参见 apo-
prefix
postgraduate
postorbital
Origin
from Latin, from post after, behindpost-
Related Words
- postpone
- Post-Impressionism
- postatomic
- postaudit
- postaxial
- postcanonical
prefix
a. after : subsequent : later
postdate
b. behind : posterior : following after
postlude
postconsonantal
2.
a. subsequent to : later than
postoperative
b. posterior to
postorbital
- after in time or order表示“后”:
-
post-date
post-operative.
1946 Proc. IRE XXXIV. 433/2The intensifier electrode or electrodes, sometimes called *post-accelerating electrodes, provide acceleration after deflection.
1971 Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 397Electrons may be deflected while they are of very small velocity, and they may be ‘post-accelerated’ later on to whatever speed is required.
Ibid. ,The spot size should not be increased by the post-accelerating field.
1940 Philips Technical Rev. V. 245 (heading)A cathode ray tube with *post-acceleration.
Ibid. 249/1The strength of the lens increases with increasing post-acceleration voltage.
1971 Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 399The best post-acceleration is effected by means of fine meshes.
1956 Proc. IRE XLIV. 665/2Conventional *post-accelerators, also called intensifiers, operate with conductive coatings of band or spiral shape, plated on the inside of the bulb.
1959 Rider & Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes (ed. 2) i. 20/1The beam..traverses the gap between the accelerator and post-accelerator areas.
1656 Stanley Hist. Philos. viii. (1701) 340/1His life is not happy, for Beatitude is a *post-accession thereto.
1851 Burrill LawDict. ii,*Post-act, an after-act; an act done afterwards.
1864 in Webster; and in subsequent Dicts.
1593 G. Harvey Pierce's Super. ***iv,He liked not ouer⁓long Preambles, or *Postambles to short Discourses.
1622 T. Stoughton Chr. Sacrif. viii. 94This being more then an adiunct, euen a *post argument..for confirmation of the maine argument.
a1610 Parsons Leicester's Ghost (1641) 18It chanced that I made a *post-contract, And did in sort the Lady Sheifield wed.
a1631 Donne Lett. (1651) 308,I have cribrated,..re-cribrated, and *post-cribrated the Sermon.
1700 C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 70The Arminians..may be called..*post-destinarians for placing the eternal decree behind the race of man's life.
1656 T. Pierce ( title)Prædestination..defended against *Post⁓destination.
1674 Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 160The Doctor's Election is a Postdestination; for it then only makes men ordained to eternal life, when..they are possessed of it.
1700 C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 51To prefer time before eternity, and to set up a post-destination instead of a pre-destination.
1733 Pope Let. to Swift in Courthope Life 260It was laboured, corrected, pre-commended, and *post-disapproved so far as to be disowned by themselves.
1628 Donne Serm. xxix. (1640) 287The Schooles have made so many Divisions, and sub-divisions, and re-divisions, and *post-divisions of Ignorance.
a1631 ― Serm. vii. 71Man hath not that, not eternity, but the Image of Eternity, that is Immortality, a *Post⁓eternity there is in the soule of Man.
1678 Cudworth Intell. Syst. 44. a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 367The promise of eternal life is as ancient as God himself..as it hath an ante-eternity, so it hath a post⁓eternity.
1782 ( title)Paris in Miniature,..together with a Preface and *Postface by the English Limner.
1887 Sat. Rev. 30 Apr. 624/2The frank admission in both preface and postface that found the Japanese syllabary too many for him. [ he]
1974 Nature 20 Sept. 262/1 In the postface (this must be one of the few nearly Latin words invented in the twentieth century!), Eugene Skolnikoff outlines the increasing involvement..of MIT in the field of science and public policy.
1877 Swinburne Let. 21 Apr. (1960) III. 326To compare either with Shelley or Hugo for preference or *postference, is purely absurd.
1607 Harington in NugæAnt. (1804) II. 139As for the latter predictions or rather *postfictions (since the bishops death) I willingly omit, concerning the successors of this bishop.
1922 E. Kruisinga Handbk. Present-DayEng. (ed. 3) ii. i. 361Nouns preceded by a definite article are not seldom used with a *post-genitive.
1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. ii. ii. 105The only case where an English genitive may be said to follow its headword is when it is the principal part of an of-adjunct to a preceding noun... The construction is known as the post-genitive. I gave him an old raincoat of my brother's.
1938 Times 4 Feb. 11/2 The *post-heating process greatly improves an already satisfactory weld by allowing the metal at the weld to recover its original structure after the severe treatment given by the welding operation.
1966 C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials x. 224Temperature gradients are reduced..in welding by preheating the parent metal or post-heating immediately after welding.
1922 Joyce Ulysses 663The anticipated diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria..and the *posticipated opening of the new municipal fish market.
1612 Chapman Widdowes T. ii. i. Plays 1873 III. 31Shee matching..with some yong Prodigall: what must ensue, but her *post-issue beggerd.
1663 Short Surv. Grand CasePres. Ministry 38Oaths are sacred things, and *Post-laws are a ready Papacie to absolve them.
1780 M. Madan Thelyphthora (1781) I. 35The proposers and framers of such schemes of *post-legitimation, had been convinced, that the conjugal cohabitation..was a lawful marriage.
1785 G. A. Bellamy Apology II. 46That ridicule and contempt which custom has annexed to a *post-marriage (if I may so term it).
1938 S. Beckett Murphy ix. 176In the morning nothing remained of the dream but a *post⁓monition of calamity.
1862 Phil. Trans. R.Soc. CLI. 312Every matrix of the type n × n is equivalent (by *post-multiplication) to one, and only one, of the reduced matrices included in the formula (62.).
1968 Fox & Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers v. 100For the general eigenvalue problem we can perform virtually the same operation, though with post-multiplication included to preserve similarity.
1862 Phil. Trans. R.Soc. CLI. 312These numbers will remain unchanged, when the given matrix is premultiplied by any unit-matrix, and *post-multiplied by any matrix whatsoever.
1939 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. XXIX. 302After post-multiplying..by ê′ we get.. . [ etc.]
1978 Nature 20 Apr. 740/1 We are told, as though it were surprising, that pre- and post-multiplying a matrix by the matrix of its eigenvectors produces a diagonal matrix.
1899 R. C. Temple Th. Univ. Gram. 7Languages are divisible into 1. pre-mutative, or those that prefix their affixes; 2. intro-mutative, or those that infix them; and 3. *post-mutative, or those that suffix them.
1876 M. Collins Fr. Midn. to Midn. III. iv. 8They were for the most part silent. Lord Arthur was pre-occupied; Vance was *post-occupied.
a1631 Donne Serm. (ed. Alford) IV. 451All my co-operation is but a *post-operation, a working by the power of that all-preventing Grace.
1965 Jrnl. R.Microsc. Soc. LXXXIV. 129Sucrose was first used with formaldehyde in fixation for electron microscopy by Holt and Hicks.., who *postosmicated the tissues that had been treated this way.
1971 Nature 2 Apr. 334/2 Random pieces of grossly normal thyroid tissue..were diced.., fixed in 1·5% glutaraldehyde.., post-osmicated, dehydrated and embedded in ‘Araldite 502’.
1963 Jrnl. CellBiol. XVII. 54/2The final dense product could be easily referable to fine structure in sections of material embedded without *postosmication.
1581 Mulcaster Positions viii. (1887) 53They that write of exercise, make three degrees in it, wherof they call the first a preparatiue,..the next simply by the name of exercise,..the third a *postparatiue.
1625 Donne Serm. 3 Apr. 37Euery Pardon, whether a *Post-pardon, by way of mercy, after a Lawe is broken, or a Præ-pardon, by way of Dispensation, in wisedome before a Lawe bee broken.
1599 R. Linche Anc. Fict. G iv,I thought it fittest in this treatise to *postplace her.
1943 Eng. Stud. XXV. 103The construction called by..Curme ‘double genitive’, by Kruisinga ‘post genitive’, and, in the case of a pronoun (a friend of mine), ‘*post-possessive’.
1957 R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. iii. ii. 140The construction may be denoted as the post-possessive. a. I gave him an old raincoat of mine. He hated that pride of hers. b. It was no fault of theirs.
1936 Kolthoff & Sandell Textbk. QuantitativeInorg. Analysis viii. 105This second phase is therefore not coprecipitated but *postprecipitated.
1939 A. I. Vogel Text-bk. QuantitativeInorg. Analysis i. 148Zinc sulphide is slowly post-precipitated.
1960 Belcher & Nutten QuantitativeInorg. Analysis (ed. 2) x. 61Examples of precipitates which tend to post-precipitate are zinc sulphide on mercury sulphide, and magnesium oxalate on calcium oxalate.
1932 I. M. Kolthoff in Jrnl. PhysicalChem. XXXVI. 861First of all, calcium oxalate precipitates and then on standing magnesium oxalate crystallizes out slowly. Therefore, we are not dealing here with a case of coprecipitation, but of *post-precipitation, the crystals of calcium oxalate being not at all or only slightly contaminated by magnesium.
1963 G. Svehla tr. Erdey's Gravimetric Analysis i. iii. 183Tin (IV) sulphide tends to carry down nickel, cobalt and iron ions from a hydrochloric acid containing solution by post-precipitation.
1977 Sci. Amer. June 9/2 (Advt. ),With the HP 5420A, you can *post-process measurement results using the four basic arithmetic functions.
1966 C. J. Sippl ComputerDict. &Handbk. 278The real-time system relieves the larger system of time consuming input and output functions as well as performing preprocessing and *postprocessing functions, such as validity editing and formatting for print.
1967 Economist 12 Aug. 588/2 Molins, Ferranti and IBM have told the Ministry of Technology that they can jointly produce a *post-processor for the Molins machine within twelve months flat.
1977 Gloss. Terms Data Processing (B.S.I.) vii. 2/1Postprocessor, a computer program that effects some final computation or organization.
1976 Broadcast 12 Jan. 1/1 Bring in your film and we'll *post-produce it on tape.
Ibid. 1/2Spend a day on *post-production using time code computer editing.
1953 K. Reisz Technique Film Editing i. 49A post-production break-down of the finished sequence.
1859 F. Francis N. Dogvane (1888) 298None *post-prophesied their convictions that ‘this would be the end of it all’, more loudly than Mr. Tom Sharp.
1819 Jefferson Autobiog. App. ,Wks. 1859 I. 121These were the only *post-signers.
1953 Archit. Rev. CXIII. 377/2 (caption)Auditorium spanned by *post-stressed beams.
1965 Language XLI. 473 As many as five syllables occur prestressed, but only one syllable occurs post-stressed, except rarely when a postclitic follows a suffix.
1941 Concrete & Constructional Engin. XXXVI. 93/1Dr. Abeles suggests stretching the hard steel wires after hardening and setting, which he calls ‘*post-stressing’.
1976 Offshore Engineer Mar. 26/3 The Kishorn structure departs from its smaller brothers by having a two-stage wall poststressing. The first stage will be stressed at the 15m high level, the remainder when the walls reach full height.
1650 B. Discolliminium 45,I and my Friends shall be allowed the full benefit of all the variations, interpretations, reservations, *postvariations, tergiversations, excusations,..that I and my Mare can devise or possibly imagine.
a1661 Fuller Worthies, Chester (1662) i. 188When men instead of preventing, *postvide against dangers.
1868 Owen Anat. Vert. III. 135The most..important of these in Man, has..received the name of ‘posthippocampal’. [ fissures]
1825 Q. Rev. XXXI. 466Their beauty is proverbial in Africa, particularly for that..quality of being singularly gifted with the Hottentot post-tuberance.
1910 Surg. , Gynecol. &Obstetr. July 55/1Each case of post-partum or *post-abortal infection must be studied individually.
1973 I. M. Cushner et al. in H. J. & J. D. Osofsky Abortion Experience vi. 147This newer approach toward postabortal laparascopic sterilization..may very well lead to further reduction in the need for major surgical procedures in abortion.
1963 Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry CXIX. 982/2No known attempts to document statistically the incidence of *post-abortion psychiatric illness have been found in American medical literature.
1973 E. C. Payne et al. in H. J. & J. D. Osofsky Abortion Experience xii. 272In the first reported prospective study..a single postabortion interview took place during a period of 3 to 6 months after the procedure. In even more recent studies, women have been interviewed at a relatively specific time postabortion.
1910 F. J. Taussig Prevention &Treatm. Abortion vi. 44There was no fever or odor to the discharge, so that the diagnosis was clearly endometritis *post-abortum due to decidual remnants.
1950 Proc. Soc. Study Fertility I. 26 (heading)The re-establishment of ovulation, post-partum and post-abortum.
1972 Biol. Abstr. LIII. 5727/2The results of treatment of 2 groups of patients with post abortum acute insufficiency of the kidneys are discussed.
1919 Proc. R.Soc. B. XCI. 45The energy expenditure during sleep may be assumed..to be only slightly smaller than that during complete muscular rest in the *post-absorptive condition, i.e., 12–14 hours after the last meal.
1972 New England Jrnl. Med. 5 Oct. 678/1Recordings were made in the postabsorptive state between 9:30 a.m. and noon.
1877 Dawson Orig. World vi. 136The geologist finds no trace of *post-Adamic creation.
1936 Jrnl. Pediatrics VIII. 52The change from the straight, boyish figure of the preadolescent girl to the more rounded, mature figure of the *postadolescent girl.
1977 New Yorker 29 Aug. 19/2 The new false post-adolescent authority that needs to be blown away by somebody.
1901 E. L. Hicks Man. Grk.Hist. Inscript. (ed. 2)Pref. ,An indifference to *post-Alexandrine studies too common amongst British scholars.
1910 Practitioner Feb. 253 The *post-anaesthetic condition.
Ibid. Mar. 361Ether..rarely causes post-anaesthetic vomiting.
1965 J. Pollitt Depression & itsTreatm. vi. 80Patients should be carefully questioned about this to avoid the risk of post-anaesthetic vomiting.
1934 Mind XLIII. 136 is essentially a ‘*post-analytic’ evaluation, not a description, of knowledge. [ A sense of ‘theory of knowledge’]
1927 J. Loewemberg in Jrnl. Philos. XXIV. 5Designating by ‘pre-analytical’, whatever is given for analysis, and by ‘*post-analytical’, whatever is given through analysis, we wish to ascertain whether there is any possibility of assimilating to one another these two classes of data.
1882 Farrar EarlyChr. I. 212 note,Showing a *post-Apostolic date.
1882–3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. I. 493Immediately after the *post-apostolical age.
1934 Webster, *Post-Aristotelian.
1936 J. R. Kantor ObjectivePsychol. Gram. viii. 100The post-Aristotelian subjectivists divided the individual into soul and body.
1957 C. Vereker Devel. Polit. Theory i. 40This doctrine of equality, the emergence of which is sometimes held to be the distinguishing mark of post-Aristotelian social thought.
1965 N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax ii. 107Det→(pre-Article{ovparen}of) Article (*post-Article).
1971 Post-article . [ see non-lexicals.v. non- 3]
1895 J. Kidd Morality &Relig. viii. 324The *post-ascension activity of Christ.
1905 H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 226The patient..passes into what may be spoken of as a *post⁓ascitic stage.
1948 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S. ) 805/2*Post-atom(ic), subsequent to the dropping of the atomic bomb.
1954 A. Huxley in Encounter Feb. 5/2This.. will be standing in the Western desert, an object, to the neo-Neolithic savages, of post-atomic times, of uncomprehending reverence and superstitious alarm. [ temple]
1956 Auden & Kallman Magic Flute (1957) 58The form of suite For piano in a Post-Atomic Age.
1961 Washington Post 1 June 24 The speaker suggested that the desolation of a *post-attack world would be too awful to face.
1964 Dentler & Cutright in I. L. Horowitz NewSociol. 424Our discussion of the effects of a nuclear attack on the population makes it clear that the composition of the postattack population would be so different from that of today's population that this factor alone would make for differences in the postattack society.
1976 Sci. Amer. Nov. 33/3In the immediate postattack period the fallout levels could vary greatly from one place to another.
1840 G. S. Faber Prim. Doctr. Regen. iv. ii. 333With respect to *postbaptismal declarations.
1882 Farrar EarlyChr. I. 335The ruthless dogma that there is no forgiveness for post-baptismal sin.
1882–3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2184The first *post-biblical author to mention Simon is Hegesippus.
1955 Keepnews & Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz xix. 250A young star who came along in the *post-bop 1950s.
1977 Rolling Stone 5 May 24/2 Today his style is the antithesis of classic post-bop horn players like Coltrane.
1791 Cowper Let. to J. Newton 22 July,All my *post-breakfast time must be given to poetry.
1879 J. Jacobs in 19thCent. Sept. 490The analogous..Triune Deity of *post-Buddhistic Brahmanism.
1875 J. Croll Climate & T. xx. 345The longer we suppose the pre-Cambrian periods to have been, the shorter must we suppose the *post-Cambrian to be.
1899 J. Stalker Christology of Jesus i. 35The forms in which the words of Jesus appear in the earliest *postcanonical literature.
1964 I. L. Horowitz NewSociol. 81His critique of America could only be relevant and fruitful if it was made..with the projected hopes and ideals of a *post-capitalist era.
1976 N. O'Sullivan Conservatism v. 122The contemporary discussion about the nature of ‘post-capitalist’ (or ‘post-industrial’) society.
1874 Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 782If *post⁓cartesian philosophy has been so wanting in positive results.
1931 Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 674/2A particularly satisfying classification of the great seminal post-Cartesian theories of knowledge.
1963 Ibid. 1 Mar. 150/1The general context of post-Cartesian thought.
1848 G. F. Ruxton in Blackw.Mag. LXIV. 430Augustin..was enjoying a *post-coenal smoke.
1871 M. Collins Mrq. &Merch. II. ii. 48In the course of their post-cænal talk.
1922 Joyce Ulysses 720A temporary concussion caused by a falsely calculated movement in the course of a postcenal gymnastic display.
1970 Jrnl. Linguistics VI. 130With a side glance at some *post-Chomskyan developments.
1975 Amer. Speech 1973 XLVIII. 154According to the post-Chomskyan revisionist Charles J. Fillmore, however, ‘there are reasons for questioning the deep-structure validity of the traditional division between subject and predicate’.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 854*Post-choreic paralysis is sometimes well-marked.
1959 Encounter Feb. 74/2 All these books are written with a light touch: just the thing for *post-Christmas hang-overs.
1961 Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Jan. 2/2Steel's post-Christmas production recovery is running out of steam.
1977 Times 21 Dec. 17/8 The post-Christmas clearance sale.
1897 A. D. L. Napier Menopause iv. 100Of 500 *post-climacteric cases, 36·5 per cent. had a return of hæmorrhage after the menopause had been established a year or more.
1973 E. A. Moscovic tr. J. Botella-Llusiá's Endocrinol. of Woman xvii. 364/2The classic concept held that in postmenopausal woman estrogenic activity had been wiped out completely by the time woman entered the postclimacteric phase.
1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession vi. 110If a change of climate results in increased water-content..the sere..continues the development by replacing the climax and it may be termed the *post-climax.
1928 Jrnl. Ecol. XVI. 26Any well shaded ravine is occupied by Picea albertiana Stew. Br. which may be looked upon as a post-climax.
1964 V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation ix. 215One must regard the Plantaginatum maritimi as either a post-climax or more properly as a..deflected climax.
1949 Mind LVIII. 220 A tendency to ‘spatio-temporal scatter’ is characteristic of paranormal cognition, the displacement manifesting itself as ‘*postcognitive’ or ‘precognitive’ telepathy.
1974 Listener 3 Jan. 22/3 If I make a ‘correct’ guess before the target has appeared..that's a pre-cognitive hit; if I get it right but several shots in arrears, that's post-cognitive.
1922 C. G. Child Sterility & Conception viii. 68 (heading)*Postcoital tests for sterility.
1947 E. Hyams William Medium 34Smoking a post-coital cigarette.
1975 B. Garfield Hopscotch ii. 26‘I'm distressed to see you so lackluster, old friend.’ ‘It's only post-coital tristesse.’
1968 M. R. Cohen in J. J. Gold Textbk. Gynecol. Endocrinol. xxv. 546Ovulation timing..disclosed good mucorrhea at midcycle with excellent longevity of spermatozoa *postcoitally.
1977 S. Schoenbaum W. Shakespeare (rev. ed. ) vii. 85A shotgun wedding boomed for the post-coitally chastened Will.
1953 N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World xiii. 109There is no *post-coition display.
1893 ‘Mark Twain’ in CenturyMag. Dec. 235/1He..had finished a *post-college course in an Eastern law school.
1973 Jrnl. GeneticPsychol. June 183The relevance of undergraduate courses for meeting the demands of postcollege life.
1960 Encounter Nov. 26 A face-to-face group—the *post-collegiate fraternity of the small suburbs.
1934 Webster, *Post-colonial.
1959 Daily Tel. 12 Dec. 6/2It was probably inevitable that India, in the full flush of post-colonial sensitivity, should fear that association with the America of that period might involve her unnecessarily in troubles which were little to do with Asia.
1969 Times (Uganda Suppl. ) 15 Sept. p. i/5Behind the imposing physical presence is a mind that has been described as one of the shrewdest in post-colonial Africa.
1974 ‘G. Black’ Golden Cockatrice iii. 57If there's one thing worse than..rampant colonialism..it's post-colonial dictatorship.
1833 Alison Hist. Europe (1849) III. xvii. 505After every session they held what were called *post-comitial diets, the object of which was to bring him to account for the vote he had given on every occasion. [ the Polish electors]
1968 Times 24 Feb. 9/5 The *post-conciliar attitude seems to draw attention..to the value of personal and social relationships.
1976 Times 9 Aug. 11/1 The post-conciliar church polishes characteristically pre-conciliar weapons.
1939 Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) ii. 270All them fine clauses in Lindley's and Murrey's never braught the participle of a present to a desponent hortatrixy,..from her *postconditional future.
1780 Bentham Princ. Legisl. xviii. §39 note,By the terms connubial and *post-connubial all I mean..is the mere physical union.
1895 in Syd.Soc. Lex.
1922 E. Ekwall Place-NamesLancs. 1The county of Lancaster developed out of the *post-Conquest honour of Roger of Poitou.
1940 Burlington Mag. Aug. 56Peruvian post-conquest tapestry work.
1959 E. A. Fisher Introd. Anglo-SaxonArchit. & Sculpture 94Such post-Conquest Anglo-Saxon influence on art is outside the scope of this book.
1976 Jrnl. MedievalHist. II. 1/1The balance between French and English in post-Conquest England is still being discussed.
1880 Sat. Rev. 3 Apr. 439/2Cities are the seats of *post-conquestal bishoprics.
1920 Contemp. Rev. Dec. 898The manuscript is *post-conquestual.
1924 Ibid. Nov. 673Welsh life in post-Conquestual days.
1934 Priebsch & Collinson GermanLang. ii. i. 93The position in the word (initial, *post-consonantal, inter-vocalic).
1964 Y. Malkiel in Archivum Linguisticum XVI. 27World-medial, postconsonantal cl-.
1953 K. H. Jackson Lang. &Hist. EarlyBrit. 470 (heading)IE. gu̯. This became b in CC. initially except before u..; intervocally and preconsonantally, g; *post-consonantally, b.
1969 Word XXV. 25 Tana-dg-usim had-a-n ‘towards the village’, had-a-n ‘towards it or him,’ the -a- being a *postconsonantic variant of the post-vocalic -·.
1901 Lanciani in Athenæum 27 July 132/1In other baptisteries of the *post-Constantinian age.
1934 Webster, *Post-contact adj.
1946 Nature 30 Nov. 769/2 Each article presents chronologically..the data available from earliest times onwards through four hundred years of contact with White civilization{ddd}post-contact change and the absorption of the tribes into European civilization are revealed and traced in as much detail as possible.
1907 W. A. Turner Epilepsy vi. 129A third epileptic, whose *post-convulsive symptoms were mainly of the nature of cataleptic rigidity and dementia.
1974 E. Niedermeyer Compendium of Epilepsies xi. 187A post-convulsive sleep may ensue for a few hours.
1891 Riddles of Sphinx 435 The *post-cosmic condition and end of the world-process.
1966 Economist 24 Dec. 1329/3 An effort to prevent *post-crash injuries by fire.
1977 Hongkong Standard 12 Apr. 9/3 The prevention and control of both in-flight and postcrash fuel system fires and explosions.
1922 Joyce Ulysses 385In woman's womb word is made flesh but in the spirit of the maker all flesh that passes becomes the word that shall not pass away. This is the *postcreation.
1968 D. Decamp in Lat. Amer. ResearchRev. III. 38If any term is needed to distinguish the situation in Jamaica from that in Surinam and Haiti, then I suggest that we call Jamaica a *post-creole community.
1977 Language LIII. 330 Speakers in a post-creole community are triply pressured: to avoid the basilect, to acquire the acrolect, and to vary the mesolect.
1880 Günther Fishes 21Living and *post-cretacean forms.
1967 J. Ross in To Honor Roman Jakobson III. 1672If it cannot apply before the cycle, it must either apply in the cycle or after all cyclic rules have been applied—rules of this last type are called *post-cyclic.
Ibid. 1677It is only if pronominalization is formulated as a post-cyclic rule that some constraint on forward pronominalization becomes necessary.
1971 J. W. Bresnan in Language XLVII. 276One might think of ordering the NSR after the entire transformational cycle but before the postcyclic transformations.
1976 Archivum Linguisticum VII. 138 This obviously, would call for..an explicit formulation of the concept of ‘transformation’ one uses, that is whether one believes in prelexical, cyclic, precyclic, and postcyclic transformations.
1972 Language XLVIII. 310 Primary stress assignment must precede *postcyclical transformations.
1972 Ibid. 301It is preferable for a rule to apply postcyclically rather than cyclically.
1899 T. Veblen Theory of Leisure Class xi. 288The ostensibly *post-Darwinian concept of a meliorative trend in the process of evolution.
1939 Mind XLVIII. 528 In continuity with his previous books, Dewey is anxious to be a post-Darwinian Mill developing ‘the science of evidence’ in close connection with all the sciences.
1972 S. Hynes Edwardian Occasions 7Much important Edwardian literature implies..a post-Darwinian, post-Hegelian way of looking at the linear shape of time.
1890 J. Martineau Seat Authority inRelig. ii. i. 138The *post-decretal unity seems indisputable.
1943 F. E. Terman Radio Engineers'Handbk. iv. 342In the *post-deflection arrangement the beam is deflected at low velocity.
1950 Electronic Engin. XXII. 461/1Two main advantages..in the use of commercially available post deflexion accelerator (p.d.a.) cathode-ray tubes..are: (i) The attainment of higher screen brightness..and (ii) The problem of insulation in the glass pinch and the base are eased.
1959 Rider & Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes (ed. 2) i. 18/1These post-deflection accelerating anodes are rings or wide bands of electrically conductive material painted on the inside surface of the envelope.
1971 Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 398Post-deflexion acceleration..appears to offer the means to increase the sensitivity.
1949 F. J. Pettijohn Sedimentary Rocks i. 7Diastrophism plays the dominant role in controlling the production and deposition of a sediment—and to some extent its *post-depositional history, also.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xiii. 206/2Post-depositional alteration is indicated by large chlorite plates that are discordant in relation to the foliation in schist pebbles.
1895 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Post-diastolic.
Ibid. ,*Post-dicrotic wave, a secondary recoil wave some⁓times present, following on the Dicrotic wave of the pulse.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 859*Post-diphtheritic anæsthesia tends to disappear..in the course of five or six weeks.
1889 N. Kerr Inebriety viii. (ed. 2) 138Though the offspring of the paternal pre-disease period showed no tendency of the kind, the paternal *post-disease child or children could only with constant supervision be kept from strong drink as soon as they began to crawl.
1906 Daily Chron. 16 Oct. 3/3The men and women this preacher-poet knew in his pews in the old *post-disruption years.
1864 B. Lumley Remin. Opera 35Less relished than the *post-Easter entertainment.
1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed i. 9His opinion would be the first *post-election one I would hear.
1976 New Yorker 15 Nov. 204/2 Post-election surveys show that almost ninety per cent of the Republicans who voted backed the ticket.
1883 Harper's Mag. Jan. 304/2This most delightful of the *post-Elizabethan poets.
1893 Tuckey tr. Hatschek's Amphioxus 151The perforation..falls under the *post⁓embryonal period of development.
1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 154*Post-embryonic development, or change of form of this kind, is called metamorphosis.
1940 Phytopathology XXX. 334 Experience over a period of years with various chemical methods of damping-off control has emphasized the need for some soil disinfectant that will control both pre- and *post-emergence damping-off.
1955 Sci. NewsLet. 2 July 10/3There are three prescribed methods for fighting the weed war. They are known as pre-planting, pre-emergence and post-emergence. Pre-planting treatment is made on the soil before any seed is planted in the ground. Pre-emergence control is done after seeds have been sown, but before a desired plant pushes up through the ground. Post-emergence is designed to kill undesirable plants that exist in areas where plants are already growing.
1962 Times 12 Nov. 17/4 Another avenue of research which is leading to useful results is that involving pre-emergence spraying of cereal crops instead of the traditional post-emergence method.
1977 Protecting World's Crops (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 8Crop herbicides are often divided into pre-plant, pre-emergence and post-emergence products.
1928 E. F. Buzzard in H. French Index Differential Diagnosis Main Symptoms (ed. 4) 880The tremor in *post-encephalitic Parkinsonism closely resembles that of paralysis agitans.
1932 W. Boyd Textbk. Path. xxx. 812Other postencephalitic conditions..are narcolepsy and oculogyric crises.
1961 Lancet 23 Sept. 683/2 Since then, she has had postencephalitic epilepsy.
1971 G. W. Voeller in G. Birdwood et al. Parkinson'sDis. iii. 50Fifteen years ago the post-encephalitic forms were predominant.., today, the idiopathic or arteriosclerotic forms predominate. [ of Parkinsonism]
1875 J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic AsylumMed. Rep. V. 111The automatism in these cases is not, I think, ever epileptic, but always *post-epileptic.
1903 Myers Human Personality I. 316As the popular phrase is, the post⁓epileptic patient ‘was not himself’.
1905 Daily Chron. 3 June 6/3In a post-epileptic state, unconscious of her acts—a sleep-walking condition.
1954 L. Fairfield Epilepsy i. 13In some cases the post-epileptic deep sleep or ‘coma’, lasts an hour or more.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 333Observed in *post-epileptiform paralysis.
1894 Geol. Mag. Oct. 449It appears that there has been a *post⁓erosion subsidence to an amount from 8,000 to 12,000 feet, carrying down the Antillean plains to form the present sea-basins.
1936 Discovery May 148 (heading) *Post-eruptive movements of the earth's crust.
1946 Nature 19 Oct. 560/1 Some powerful beneficial influence had been at work during the post-eruptive as well as the developmental period.
1964 Economist 31 Oct. 502/1 The needs of the ‘*post-experience’ students and..immediate postgraduates.
1977 P. Strevens New Orientations TeachingEng. viii. 90In all types of occupational ESP a distinction emerges between pre-experience and post-experience courses.
1970 Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. Apr. 253All Ss were asked in a *post-experimental questionnaire to indicate the two words they thought earned them points.
1874 Bucknill & Tuke Psych. Med. (ed. 3) 376A prolongation of the delirium when the fever has subsided,..intended by the term ‘*Post-Febrile Insanity’.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 149The diagnosis of scarlet fever in the post-febrile stage.
1949 Koestler Promise & Fulfilment i. iii. 29We are always apt to forget that nationalism is a product of a relatively recent, *post-feudal European development.
1970 R. Stavenhagen in I. L. Horowitz Masses inLat. Amer. vii. 267The Spanish Conquest was..part of the political and economic expansion in post-feudal and mercantalistic Europe.
1918 A. Huxley Let. 25 Nov. (1969) 171The whiskey bottle seems the only refuge from that *post-flu depression.
1971 P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale v. 163She had post-flu depression and she felt she couldn't cope with the baby.
1966 Jrnl. Canad. OperationalRes. Soc. 114Analysis, *post game, use of data generated during a game or series of games to derive conclusions about the problems to which play was directed.
1976 Springfield ( Mass. ) Daily News 22 Apr. 39/1When his club gets beaten 7–1 he is a post game press conference no-show.
1962 Times 20 Mar. 3/2 The study of *post-harvest physiological changes in pasture plants.
1976 National Observer ( U.S. ) 25 Dec. 1/4Last week the FAO council called for ‘prompt action..on reducing post-harvest losses’.
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 184Royce makes by far the manliest of the *post-hegelian attempts to read some empirically apprehensible content into the notion of our relation to the absolute mind.
1964 P. Meadows in I. L. Horowitz NewSociol. 446The Hegelians and the post-Hegelians (of either idealistic or materialistic breed).
1972 Post-Hegelian . [ see post-Darwinian]
1897 Trans. Amer. PediatricSoc. IX. 158An undoubted example of *post⁓hemiplegic tremor.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 887Sciatica, *post-herpetic and other neuralgias.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 5 Jan. 16/1 A *post-holiday lull prevailed at most markets.
1976 H. Ferguson Confessions Long Distance Acid Head 52Gordon..had brought back the usual amount of cigarettes and liquor, and another rare gift—the post-holiday feeling of exuberance.
1810 C. Lamb Lett. (1935) II. 97,I should suspect these personifications are the Translator's. They sound *post-Homeric.
1846 Grote Greece i. xviii. II. 17The Post-Homeric legends are adapted to a population classified quite differently.
1959 Encounter July 46/1 This is the element of allegory or symbolism which so many post-homeric writers have found in the Lotus Eaters.
1909 W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 210This being our *post-humian and post-kantian state of mind, I will ask your permission to leave the soul wholly out of the present discussion.
1961 Encounter Jan. 16 The Humian and post-Humian side.
1890 Q. Rev. July 255Even *posthypnotic suggestion..was known.
1903 Myers Human Personality I.Gloss. ,Post-hypnotic. Used of a suggestion given during the hypnotic trance, but intended to operate after that trance has ceased.
1941 Penfield & Erickson Epilepsy & Cerebral Localization (1942) ii. 19The state in which an individual is deprived of, or released from conscious control, is called automatism. If it occurs following a seizure it may be called *post-ictal automatism.
1961 Lancet 29 July 242/2, 36 hours later..the e.e.g. showed no seizure activity, but there was general post-ictal disorganisation.
1972 M. Crichton Terminal Man iv. xi. 186He's in a post-seizure state—post-ictal, we call it.
1959 Brain LXXXII. 152 *Post-ictally the activity of the focus was very much reduced.
1975 Electroencephalogr. & Clin. Neurophysiol. XXXVIII. 601/2Motor activity was observed to increase postictally concomitantly with the increase in EEG frequency and amplitude.
1961 Middle East Jrnl. Winter 3The people were still experiencing *post-independence let-down and suffering the after effects of poor harvests in 1957.
1976 Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Feb. 164/2The post-independence state is even more centralized than the colonial one.
1947 Partisan Rev. XIV. 230Industrial organization and the *postindustrial state are here to stay.
1977 Times 21 Feb. 11/4 We are already laying the foundation for the post-industrial future.
1928 Trans. ChicagoPath. Soc. XIII. 15 (heading)The pathology of *post-infectious acute toxic encephalitis in children.
1946 A. B. Christie InfectiousDis. xiii. 108Encephalitis of the so-called post-infectious type occasionally occurs after chicken-pox.
1974 S. L. Robbins Path. BasisDis. xxxii. 1532/1Injection of brain tissue and adjuvants..can set up a reaction in the central nervous system of experimental animals, which has a marked resemblance to post-infectious encephalomyelitis.
1898 Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 294A result of the *post-influenzal exhaustion of the nervous centres.
1951 *Postinjury . [ see Kümmell's disease]
1976 National Observer ( U.S. ) 3 July 12/6Whenever you injure a joint..there is a possibility of a permanent residual stiffness or postinjury arthritis.
1960 J. Bayley Characters of Love iv. 258Both D. H. Lawrence and E. M. Forster use them in a discernibly *post-Jamesian manner. [ sc. symbolic patterns]
1959 E. P. Hamp in Studia Linguistica XIII. 34Those *post-junctural syllabics which did not themselves bear a primary.
1964 Eng. Stud. XLV. 385Postjunctural prevocalic /š/ began to be distributionally a spirant.
1843 Mill Logic I. i. iii. 79His philosophical views are generally those of the *post-Kantian movement, represented by Schelling and Hegel.
1900 Pilot 3 Nov. 549/2 The constructive a priori post-Kantian philosophy of the great German speculative thinkers of eighty years ago.
1946 Nature 7 Sept. 322/2 James Marsh..did much to acclimatize Kantian and post-Kantian philosophy in the United States.
1977 L. Houlden in J. Hick Myth of God Incarnate vi. 128There is a strong element of post-Kantian consciousness in distinguishing the two approaches at all.
1960 New Left Rev. May—June 5/1The more sophisticated elaboration of *post-Keynesian evolutionary theory.
1975 Times Lit. Suppl. 18 July 811/3Post-Keynesians who instinctively treat saving and investment as different activities.
1977 Dædalus Fall 61 Post-Keynesian and econometric studies in economics.
1946 C. Morris Signs,Lang. & Behavior ii. 47The latter are..not themselves language signs; since they are substitute signs synonymous with language signs they are properly called *post-language symbols. [ sc. proprioceptive stimuli]
1733 Neal Hist. Purit. II. 325The high mysteries of..Ante- and *Post-Lapsarian doctrines.
1950 Eng. Stud. XXXI. 63What would the corrupt post-lapsarian variety of this attitude be?
1972 Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Dec. 1587/2A prelude..to the deplorable history of postlapsarian man.
1953 Archivum Linguisticum V. 68 He indicates..labialization with a *postliteral circle. [ sc. Marr]
1958 J. Berry in J. A. Fishman ReadingsSociol. ofLang. (1968) 742Diacritically modified letters ( i.e. ‘simple’ letters withe.g. ..postliteral circle or apostrophe).
1974 E. Ambler Dr. Frigo iii. 186Saw patient while he was taking his *post-lunch bed rest.
1959 N. Marsh False Scent (1960) ii. 59A long gloomy *post-luncheon talk.
1903 R. Whiteing Let. 9 Feb. in D. L. Moore E. Nesbit (1933) xi. 177The love scenes, for such they are..though they are *post marital.
1957 V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity inAfr. Society p. xviii,‘Uxorilocal’ refers to the post-marital residence of a man in his wife's village.
1975 R. H. Rimmer Premar Experiments i. 111They aren't fully aware of the impact that freer and open sexuality, premaritally and *postmaritally, will have on human goals and values.
1949 G. B. Shaw Buoyant Billions i. 17In your time the young were *post-Marxists and their fathers pre-Marxists.
1963 M. H. Abrams in N. Frye Romanticism Reconsidered 29It may be useful, then, to have a new look at the obvious as it appeared, not to post-Marxist historians, but to intelligent observers at the time.
1978 Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts &Sci. Jan. 35He considers himself post-Risorgimento, post-Marxist.
1851 G. S. Faber Many Mansions 6The principle of intellectuality..does not seem to have at all entered into the theory of our mediæval or *postmediæval Sidrophels.
1902 Miss E. Speakman in OwensColl. Hist. Ess. 57A great post-mediæval movement, the active monasticism of the Counter-Reformation.
1905 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLVIII. 490In animals there are (normally) no *post-maiotic divisions, whereas in plants there may be, and often are, a large number.
1905 . [ see pre-meiotics.v. pre- B. 1]
1934 L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 265In certain cases evidence has been brought forward to show that the chromonema in each chromatid at the close of the second meiotic mitosis is already split ‘in preparation for’ the first postmeiotic division.
1973 Genetical Res. XXII. 285A characteristic feature of recombination in Sordaria brevicollis is the relatively high proportion of recombination events which exhibit post-meiotic segregation.
1968 N. Vorys et al. in J. J. Gold Gynecol. Endocrinol. xi. 253*Postmenarchal ovarian hypersensitivity may cause short proliferative phases.
1937 *Post-menarcheal . [ see premenarcheals.v. pre- B. 1]
1977 Yearbk. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 332Their mean chronological age was 13·02 years and 11 were postmenarcheal.
1928 E. Novak in Gynecol. &Obstetr. Monogr.: Cumul.Suppl. & Composite Index 32 (heading)*Postmenopausal bleeding with ovarian cancer.
1949 M. Mead Male & Female viii. 180In Bali..the post-menopausal woman and the virgin girl work together at ceremonies from which women of child-bearing age are debarred.
1975 Lancet 5 July 7/2, 11 women were postmenopausal (by at least three years); their ages ranged from forty-eight to sixty-five years of age.
1925 Practitioner July 43 *Post-menopause vulvitis is thus set up.
1975 Acta Endocrinologica LXXX. 262 Levels of plasma PRL rose with puberty and decreased during post-menopause and in elderly men.
1956 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXII. 115The gneiss..is transected by the Boyne Line.., and all the rocks appear to have suffered a certain amount of *post-metamorphic shearing.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. vi. 66/1Grindley (1963) noted that post-metamorphic folding in southern Westland was accompanied by axial-plane cleavage on mesoscopic shear folds.
1943 L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 18*Post-midnight hours, be born of costlier reverence.
1970 I. Petite Meander to Alaska ii. xi. 108A ride..ending with a postmidnight ride back on a bicycle.
1907 Technical Lit. Sept. 189/1It is important to look for evidence of recent or *post-mineral faulting that may be connected with the secondary enrichment of the deposits.
1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iii. 26/1From the descriptions which are available the pattern of pre- and post-mineral faulting cannot be resolved in detail.
1893 Chicago Advance 9 Mar., He had given no one cause for *post mortuary expectations.
1882–3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1791*Post-Mosaic events and customs.
1864 Realm 18 May 5 The speculative gentlemen who in mythical times transferred their *post-mundane future to Mephistopheles in exchange for immediate enjoyment.
1958 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 June 937/2Infant deaths..may be divided into two groups—deaths of infants in the neonatal period (under 28 days) and those in the *postneonatal period (28 days to one year).
1965 S. Peller in Glass & Eversley Population inHist. V. 93The difference between the rates for the ruling families and for the general population..was larger during the post-neonatal period of infancy than in the neo- or peri-natal period.
1973 Puffer & Serrano Patterns of Mortality in Childhood v. 76The infant period is divided into neonatal (0–27 days of age) and postneonatal (28 days through 11 months).
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 383Total loss of vision dependent on *post-neuritic atrophy.
1720 Waterland Vind. Christ'sDiv. ii. 26The *Post-Nicene Fathers Athanasius, Basil, &c.
1928 A. Huxley in Vogue 28 Nov. 122/3A form which the critical intelligence of *post-Nietzschean youth can respect.
1977 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Sept. 41/1To the post-Nietzschean Bloom, these are the essential qualities of human life under the shadow of belatedness.
1935 H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines ii. 51As the word preceding it is a nominal, this position may more exactly be called *postnominal position.
1952 R.A.F. Rev. Jan. 9/2The use of the post-nominal letters ‘T.D.’ is peculiar to the Territorial Army.
1961 Amer. Speech XXXVI. 159Finally certain postnominal modifiers, such as relative clauses.
1975 Daily Tel. (ColourSuppl. ) 3 Jan. 11/3In the higher ranks of the Forces and the Civil Service the appropriate title, or post-nominal letters, almost automatically follow appointment to a senior post.
1978 E. St. Johnston One Policeman's Story xii. 287The third problem affecting Honours..was the right of any officer holding the Queen's Police Medal to put the initials, QPM, after his name. This is technically known as wearing ‘post-nominals’.
1686 Goad Celest. Bodies i. xv. 96At other hours of the Ante-Noon, and *Post-Noon more especially.
a1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. xxi. (1870) 346The *post-observational simplicity of Copernicus and Newton.
1969 E. H. Pinto Treen 17Operation Pegs... They are still used for plugging *post-operation tubes.
1979 Nature 25 Jan. 327/3 The nodules were found in all rats by 6 months post-operation.
1973 S. Fisher Female Orgasm vii. 190The judgments typically portrayed the orgasm and *post-orgasm experience as having favorable..connotations.
1953 A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behav. Human Female xv. 638Sometimes, especially in youth, the *post-orgasmic relaxation is hardly more than momentary.
1973 S. Fisher Female Orgasm ix. 290How relaxed she feels during the postorgasmic state.
1923 Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. LXVI. 325When a bird is killed for such *post-ovulation stages care must be taken that a new ovulation stage is not initiated in the meantime.
1951 Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. XI. 937Administration of chorionic gonadotropin was begun early in the postovulation period.
1933 Amer. Jrnl. Anat. LII. 610The existence of a double uterine cycle explains the occasional appearance of intermenstrual *post-ovulative bleedings.
1968 M. R. Cohen in J. J. Gold Textbk. Gynecol. Endocrinol. xxv. 543During the postovulative phase.
1922 H. M. Evans in L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism II. vi. 581In the *postovulatory period it is the corpora lutea which are responsible for further marked changes which now regularly occur in the genitalia of some other mammals.
1975 Biol. Reproduction XII. 573The cervical epithelium of postovulatory rabbits consists of ciliated cells and nonciliated cells with bulbous apical processes.
1865 M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vi. (1875) 252The new, real, immense, *post-pagan world.
1965 N.Y. TimesMag. 21 Feb. 12/2*Post-painterly or ‘hard-edge’ abstraction cleaned up the gooey mess and substituted neatly defined geometrical shapes in chaste combinations.
1969 New Yorker 6 Dec. 184 At the Metropolitan, the largest displays are by so-called object-makers—‘post-painterly’ canvases; that is to say, smooth-surfaced, cool, and tending to blend with their setting.
1972 E. Lucie-Smith in Cox & Dyson 20th-Cent. Mind III. xvi. 473The man who formed a link between Abstract Expressionism and what came to be called ‘post-painterly abstraction’ was Morris Louis (1912–62).
1977 P. Johnson Enemies of Society xvi. 218Morris Louis, by his own description a ‘post-painterly abstractionist’, simply painted streaks on the edge of the canvas, leaving the rest untouched.
1876 J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic AsylumMed. Rep. VI. 266The temporary state of the patient immediately after the paroxysm—which will be called the *post-paroxysmal condition.
1967 Biol. Abstr. XLVIII. 7986/2 (heading)Character of the clinical progress of adolescent rheumatism in post-paroxysmal period.
1879 St. George'sHosp. Rep. IX. 464Cases of *post-parturient anæmia.
1885 E. Hatch in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 427/1In the later and the probably *post-Pauline epistles the apocalyptic elements are rare.
1966 W. S. Allen in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 11This difficulty could be met only by assuming that, except in *post-pausal position, a high tone required a lower pitch to precede it.
1896 J. MacNeil Spirit Filled Life xiii,We live in *post-pentecostal days.
1895 A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 247The *post-Prophetic phase of Judaism.
1968 A. F. Fraser Reproductive Behaviour in Ungulates v. 75A group of bulls which were in their first *post-puberal year.
1886 Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 396/2The *post-pubertal falling off in growth is more rapid in girls than in boys.
1955 New Biol. XVIII. 32It is possible that the post-pubertal mammal behaves like an insect imago.., and that the fundamental change which leads to eventual senescence has already taken place at puberty.
1978 Homes and Gardens Oct. 117/2 There are some effects of the pill which we know... Some girls suffer from post-pubertal amenorrhœa and do not conceive easily afterwards.
1943 Koestler in Horizon VII. 230But that was still in his early period, a hang-over from adolescence, the nihilistic *post-puberty pose.
1964 E. A. Nida TowardSci. Transl. xi. 251Incorporating *postpublication corrections into subsequent printings.
1862 Mrs. Speid Last YearsInd. 192Among the *post-Puranic religionists of India.
1946 L. Bloomfield in H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. NativeAmer. 121Some roots appear in *postradical extensions... Most postradicals..have no clear meaning.
1958 Archivum Linguisticum X. 170 In some words Postradical..elements are recognized.
1899 Hobson Ruskin 27The great masters of the *post-Raphaelite schools in Italy and in England.
1850 Dublin Rev. Mar. 145The elucidation of the *post-reformation history of Ireland.
1870 Athenæum 23 Apr. 543/3 In post-Reformation times the ‘prophecies’..kept the souls..of men in continual irritation.
1902 B. Kidd West. Civiliz. ix. 315The various tendencies within the post-Reformation development.
1964 P. F. Anson Bishops at Large i. 31The post-Reformation Ecclesia Anglicana.
1978 R. Strong And when did you last see your Father? 153/2The rise of the gentry and the establishment of a new post-Reformation aristocracy.
1941 Listener 19 June 882/2 The literature of *post-Renaissance Europe.
1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics viii. 315The post-Renaissance process of creating learned vocabulary from classical sources.
1978 D. Daiches Edinburgh ii. 43The College..was from the beginning a post-Renaissance, post-Reformation university.
1900 Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLIV. 3Reproductive Period.—I have used this expression to denote the whole of that period in the life of a mammal..during which its generative organs are capable of the reproductive function; and in contrast to the Pre-reproductive and *Post-reproductive periods which severally precede and follow it, during which the generative organs are either not fully developed or are degenerative.
1963 Lancet 5 Jan. 2/1 As we reach the postreproductive years, a man's chance of dying is much greater than a woman's..so that at 60 a man has almost twice the likelihood of dying before 61 than a woman has.
1857–8 Sears Athan. iv. 27The *post-resurrection period.
1884 Chr. Commw. 11 Dec. 112/5The few weeks of our Lord's post-resurrection life.
1928 Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Sept. 73/4The Duce's personal implication in numerous ugly stories of the *post-Revolution period.
1957 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 685/3Apart from a single passing reference to Zinoviev and Kamenev, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Beria and Kruschev seem to be the only Bolsheviks named in the post-revolution chapters.
1814 Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 243Our *post-revolutionary youth are born under happier stars than you and I were.
1938 Burlington Mag. June 270/1Ducreux' post-Revolutionary studio.
1966 F. Schurmann Ideol. & Organization in Communist China p. xxxiii,Political centralization is one of the forms that post-revolutionary organization has taken.
1970 S. L. Barraclough in I. L. Horowitz Masses inLat. Amer. iv. 155Where land reform has been rapid..as was the case in post-revolutionary Mexico and Bolivia—some lines of production temporarily decreased.
1865 Lubbock Preh. Times 51Referring it to *post-Roman times.
1899 R. Munro Preh. Scot. ix. 351Many of them were utilised in post-Roman times.
1943 Y. Winters Anatomy of Nonsense 19The method of the *Post-Romantics, whether French Symbolists or American Experimentalists.
1947 A. Einstein Mus. Romantic Era xvii. 330The post-Romantic period, when these musicians can be classified roughly according to their training in Germany or in Paris.
1965 Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1063/2Most readers..in this post-romantic age.
1949 *Post-Saussurean . [ see post-Bloomfieldian a.and n. ]
1977 Language LIII. 394 Each of these topics is divided in turn into three parts..the last one to post-Saussurean developments.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 735*Post-scarlatinal diphtheria usually occurs at a late period of convalescence.
1934 Webster, *Postschool.
1939 H. M. Miner St. Denis ix. 193The young school child wants to have cards, ice skates, and a bicycle, because these amusements are those of postschool children.
1968 Economist 17 Aug. 17/2 The trendy thing for the past ten years has been to work on post-school education.
1975 Language for Life ( Dept. Educ. &Sci. ) xix. 278Some schools do successfully guide their pupils to post-school opportunities.
1959 Brain LXXXII. 181 During the stage of *post-seizure cortical hypoxia with flattening of the EEG loud sounds failed to produce spike responses in the strychninized animal.
1882–3 Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 1160In the *post-Solomonic time, the city grew in the neighbourhood of the temple.
1957 N.Y. Herald Tribune 25 Nov. 19/1There is no doubt that *post-Sputnik Washington is a different city and a different atmosphere.
Ibid. 3 Dec. 24/1He has defeated the pinch-penny economizers, who, even post-Sputnik, are still in the..mood of providing too-little, too-late. [ sc. R. M. Nixon]
1977 Dædalus Fall 80 Many of the post-Sputnik educational programs were in fact based on this conclusion.
1938 *Post-surrealist . [ see muck-pots.v. muckn. 1 5]
1951 N. Rorem Paris Diary (1967) i. 7She encouraged gaudy and exhibitionistic comportment..to give herself an identity with the post-surrealist gang she hung out with.
1952 Koestler Arrow in Blue xxiv. 224But none of the existentialists, post-surrealists..had the guts to speak his opinion.
1953 S. Spender Creative Element i. 22Writers on the Symbolists and *Post-Symbolists..note the tendency of a creative impulse which begins with a religious intensity.
1955 D. Davie in C. Tomlinson Necklace 1Charles Tomlinson has taken note of the experiments and achievements of French symbolism. This does not mean that he belongs to the post-symbolist ‘school’ or the post-symbolist ‘movement’, if there are such things.
1958 J. Press Chequer'd Shade viii. 183Whether the systematic employment of post-symbolist technique has weakened or strengthened poetry is likely to remain a matter of dispute.
1977 Radio Times 29 Oct.–4 Nov. 13/4 Nerval's sonnet sequences, Les Chimères..is now recognised as the source of all post-Symbolist and Surrealist poetry.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 145Drugs cannot influence a *post-syphilitic cicatrix.
1879 St. George'sHosp. Rep. IX. 159The first sound forcible, and followed by a loud murmur (*post-systolic), which culminated at the apex.
1659 Bp. WaltonConsid. Considered 113Collected by the *post-talmudical rabbins out of several ancient Copies.
1938 Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. No. 6. 108The crystallization in such fabrics can be termed: pretectonic, *posttectonic, or paratectonic with reference to the particular mineral that is under consideration.
1956 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXII. 125The well-known post-tectonic growth of andalusite in the eastern zone may have been accompanied by recrystallization which destroyed any incipient fabric.
1971 I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xx. 296/1These granites..are both syntectonic and post-tectonic.
1973 M. Amis Rachel Papers 22Firstly, I assume I'm right in saying that teenage sex is quite different from *post-teenage sex?
1976 Sounds 11 Dec. 40/2 Personally, I was in the throes of extreme post-teenage depression at the total unadventurousness of yer average British audience.
1905 19th Cent. Jan. 63That revelation through the fallible media of dead languages and *post-temporary chronicles.
1885 P. Meyer in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 860/1In French the first of the two *post-tonic vowels of a Lat. proparoxytone always disappears; inProv. it tends to be preserved.
1953 K. H. Jackson Lang. &Hist. EarlyBrit. ii. 268Syncope of the post-tonic penultimate syllable.
1973 A. H. Sommerstein Sound PatternAnc. Greek v. 123Post-tonic vowels (not just svarita vowels, but all vowels at any distance to the right of the accent in a word).
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 965The *post-traumatic disorders of the cerebro spinal system.
1845 J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 323Nor am I aware that *Post-tridentine writers deny that the whole Catholic faith may be proved from Scripture.
1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 206*Post-tussic suction is another highly significant sign.
1897 Ibid. II. 582The nature, extent, and variety of *post-vaccinal eruptions.
1879 St. George'sHosp. Rep. IX. 526An example of *post-varioloid ulceration.
1895 Daily News 10 June 6/2 The *Post-Vedic or Brahmanic period.
1934 Webster, *Post-verbal.
1948 . [ see complementation]
1965 N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax 228A somewhat different analysis of post-Verbal Adjectives in English.
1978 Language LIV. 85 The most unmarked order of adverbs in English is generally considered to be manner, place, and time in post-verbal position.
1971 Ibid. XLVII. 532The principle involved is that the experiencer in certain types of sentences cannot be extracted if the complement sentence ends up *postverbally.
1892 J. Wright Primer GothicLang. i. 10Final *postvocalic g and g in the final combination gs was probably a voiceless spirant.
1976 Archivum Linguisticum VII. 94 Icelandic words of the type epli being equivalent to those of the form lappa in having the quantitative peak on the post-vocalic consonant.
1964 R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 101In Scots English, /r/ occurs both prevocalically and *postvocalically (cart, standard /kaːt/, Scots /kart/).
1895 G. B. Shaw in Liberty (N.Y. ) 27 July 3/1A *post-Wagnerian reaction.
1965 New Statesman 7 May 736/1 The technical mêlée of..early Renaissance polyphony and sensuous post-Wagnerian harmony.
1977 Time 14 Mar. 26/1 The *post-Watergate Congress is in trouble with its constituents.
1978 N.Y. Times 30 Mar. b 5/1Governor Carey's executive order and the city law were issued at a time of post-Watergate morality.
1957 K. Rexroth in New World Writing XI. 32Many of the *post-World War II abstract expressionists..look alike, and do look like accidents.
1970 I. L. Horowitz Masses inLat. Amer. i. 5This definition..strangely enough became the chief ideological tool of post-World War Two ‘neo-Marxism’.
1979 Dædalus Winter 119 The successive discard, in the post-World War II world, of the totalitarian scheme.
1866 Owen Anat. Vert. II. 34differs in the proportions of the pre-acetabular and *post-acetabular extensions, and in the degree of divergence of the latter from the sacrum. [ The ilium in birds]
1904 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 1632The hind gut and its continuation—the *post-allantoic gut—are now without any communication with the exterior.
1932 D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ix. 44*Post-alveolar: articulated by the tip of the tongue against the back part of the teeth-ridge.
1964 I. Dahl in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 314are post-alveolar. [ c, ɟ]
1973 Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 265Heavy retroflexion is understood to be an r produced by passing the breath between the underside of the apex of the tongue and the postalveolar or prepalatal region.
1888 Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 335There is generally said to be a *post-anal section of the archenteron in Vertebrata which communicates by a neur-enteric canal with the neural tube.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1034The number and arrangement of the four pairs of pre-anal and three pairs of post-anal papillæ on the tail of the male.
1895 Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 193This structure ..is said by Sir John Lubbock to be present in some of the Lipuridæ that have no ocelli, and he there⁓fore prefers to speak of it as the ‘*post-antennal’ organ. [ the pro⁓stemmate]
1870 Rolleston Anim. Life 8The *post-auditory process of the squamosal.
1875 Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (1877) 190The Post-auditory nerves.
1903 Ann. &Mag. Nat. Hist. XII. 342Mus hypoxanthus bacchante... Fine hairs of ears rufous; no *postauricular patch.
1934 F. Stark Valleys of Assassins ii. 193The post-auricular length..is about one-third of the total length.
1977 Proc. R.Soc. Med. LXX. 399/1Smaller defects in the centre of the face are therefore sometimes repaired with free grafts of full-thickness postauricular skin.
1888 J. Beard in Q.Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. 179This view..I must now also extend to the præbranchial and the sensory part of each *postbranchial nerve.
1861 Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. i. 44The intestine is divided into the small intestine or antecæcal, and into the large intestine or *postcæcal.
1890 Billings Med. Dict. ,*Post-central convolution.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 310The ascending parietal or post-central convolution.
1959 Schvell & Jenkins in Saporta & Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 428/2Verbal aphasia, resulting from lesions of the pre- and post-central convolutions.
1967 G. M. Wyburn et al.Conc. Anat. vii. 193It. .separates the precentral gyrus from the postcentral gyrus.
1968 Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 202/1A normally responsive alpha rhythm at 7–8 cyc./sec. is present *postcentrally, with slightly higher voltage on the right side.
1895 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Post⁓cephalic, posterior to the head or cephalic segment.
1900 Miall & Hammond Harlequin Fly ii. 72In a larva of one of the larger species of Chironomus the heart lies in the eleventh post-cephalic segment.
1885 Wilder in Jrnl. NervousDis. XII. 349Cerebellaris posterior..English paronym. *Postcerebellar.
1882 Athenæum 14 Jan. 60/2 Not..from the archicerebrum, but from the cords connecting this with the first *postcerebral ganglion.
1885 Wilder (as above) XII. 349 Cerebralis posterior... English paronym. Postcerebral.
1880 Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc. ,Zool. XV.No. 82. 91Leaving only a central depression and a *post⁓columellar furrow.
1913 Bull. Amer. MuseumNat. Hist. XXXII. 563The *post-cranial skeleton.
1956 Biologia II. 231 The skull of the common lizard..has been described in detail previously... The present paper deals with its postcranial skeleton, i.e. , the vertebral column, ribs, sternum, girdles and limbs.
1971 Nature 5 Feb. 407/2 It has been thought for some time that Miocene hominoids differed post-cranially from living hominoids, resembling instead the cercopithecoid monkeys. But careful examination of the post-cranials of Limnopithecus..and the European fossil Pliopithecus indicates that such non-hominoid structural features as they have are ceboid-like rather than specifically cercopithecoid-like.
1978 Sci. Amer. July 105/1Anatomical studies..relating respectively to the birds' postcranial skeleton and their skull.
1971 Cappell & Anderson Muir'sTextbk. Path. (ed. 9) xviii. 485/1There is also the relationship between the iron-deficiency anaemia..and *post-cricoid carcinoma in women.
1971 Brit. Med. Bull. XXVII. 34/1Difficulty in swallowing is associated with a post-cricoid web of mucous membrane.
1885 Alienist & Neurol. VI. 9That part of the cerebral cortex which corresponds to the *post⁓cruciate convolution.
1899 W. Rippmann tr. Vietor's Elements of Phonetics 77As a rule the English sounds are *postdental, the narrowing being between the tongue point (with apical articulation) and the back of the front upper teeth. [ in thou, thin etc.]
1903 Kjederqvist in Phil. Soc. Trans. 107The Pewsey l is also of two kinds; one is divided and post-dental, the other has become o.
1933 . [ see domal a. 3]
1933 Bloomfield Language vi. 102French speaks its in postdental position. [ n]
1961 L. F. Brosnahan Sounds of Language vi. 138The order of appearance of consonants is generally from back to front, in the order: glottal, velar, post-dental, palatal, labial, and labio-dental.
1891 Flower & Lydekker Mammalia ii. 12The *post-digital gland of the Rhinoceros.
1870 Flower Osteol. Mammalia x. 136The Orang agrees with Man in wanting this *postethmoid union of the frontals.
1854 Owen Skel. & Teeth in Orr'sCirc. Sc. I.Org. Nat. 235The *postglenoid process in the horse is less developed than in the tapir.
1871 Huxley Anat. Vertebr. Anim. viii. 361The squamosal sends down an immense *post-glenoidal process. [ of the rhinoceros]
1906 J. B. Smith Explanation TermsEntomol. 106*Post-humeral bristles: in Diptera, are usually two.
1961 Post-humeral . [ see acrostichal a. 2]
1895 Mivart in Proc. Zool. Soc. 373The postaxial margin of the *postmeatal lamella.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 714*Post-nasal adenoid hypertrophy is a disease of early childhood.
1899 W. Rippmann tr. Vietor's Elements of Phonetics 142/1*Postpalatal stops, etc. = back stops, etc.
Ibid. 67The gutturals (more strictly: postpalatals or velars).
1902 . [ see medio-palataladj. s.v. medio- 2]
1925 . [ see pre-palatals.v. pre- B. 3]
1942 Post-palatal . [ see medio-palataladj. s.v. medio- 2]
1896 Nomencl. Dis. 133*Post-pharyngeal abscess.
1897 Trans. Amer. PediatricSoc. IX. 175Extending from high up in the post-pharyngeal wall downwards four and a half inches as far as the fourth rib.
1885 Wilder (as above) XII. 351 Owen's prior name is basirhinal; the name employed by me..is *postrhinal.
1901 Munsey's Mag. XXIV. 803/2She had a spell of sneezing, and the bullet dropped out into the postrhinal cavity.
1852 Dana Crust. i. 114*Post-rostral length about equal to greatest breadth.
1899 Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 72It might be suspected from the intensity and superficialness of *post-sternal pain with tenderness.
1896 Cockerell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 30It may have the portion below the stigma (substigmatal) longer than that beyond (*poststigmatal), but usually they are about equal or the latter is longer.
1868 Owen Anat. Vertebr. III. 125A ‘*postsylvian fissure’..is added.
1854 ― Skel. & Teeth in Orr'sCirc. Sc. I.Org. Nat. 236A well-developed *post-tympanic process.
1871 Huxley Anat. Vertebr. Anim. viii. 368the post-tympanic is closely appressed to the post-glenoidal process. [ In the pig]
1934 Webster, *Post-velar a.
1934 J. J. Hogan Outl. Eng. Philol. i. 7If the back-stops are made farther back than the normal series, they are called Post-Velars.
1942 Bloch & Trager Outl. Linguistic Analysis ii. 16Different points of articulation are designated by the terms pre-velar, mediovelar, and postvelar (or uvular).
1964 E. Palmer tr. Martinet'sElem. Gen. Linguistics ii. 50A dorsal may also be..post-velar or uvular as in the initial sound of rouge in the Parisian pronunciation.
1966 M. Pei Gloss. LinguisticTerminol. 215Post-velar, a consonant produced with the tongue farther back than the velar position, and the articulation against the rear half of the velum, or soft palate (Arabic q).
1981 N.Y. Times 15 Feb. ii. 24/6Some theatergoers, accustomed to the outspoken quality of *post-feminist playwrights, might say that the play could only have been written by a woman.
1983 N.Y. Times 20 Jan. c17/4 (heading)British stage feminists and U.S. post-feminists.
1986 Washington Post 8 Apr. a19/1 An intra-gender battle..between feminists and post-feminists.
1986 Sunday Times 1 June 59/2 The Bank of England is worried that dealing in stocks and shares could become too dispersed after the Big Bang... There is a particular danger of this with the new *post-bang gilts market.
1989 Financial Times 14 Jan. (Weekend Suppl. ) p. xvi/1The Big Bang has become a firing spree as financial houses face up to the post-Bang competition.
1983 Time 10 Jan. 60 (heading) *Postfeminism:..from novels to humor, women are moving beyond doctrine.
1986 New Statesman 9 May 12/2 The new romanticism is also the world of ‘post-feminism’ where feminism's angry euphoria has dissipated in a sea of uncertainty.
[ 1973Comprehensive Psychiatry XIV. 562 The suggestion has been made that neurasthenia is a stress-intolerance syndrome, thus linking it to post-traumatic syndromes and external stress. ]
1982 Southern Med. Jrnl. LXXV. 704Primary care physicians may encounter patients having posttraumatic stress disorder.
1985 Child Abuse & Neglect IX. iii. 329 An examination of symptoms presented by 17 adult women who experienced childhood incest suggests that the long-term effects of incest may be a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
1989 Spin Oct. 38/1 He was diagnosed by a court psychiatrist as suffering from ‘post-traumatic stress syndrome’ and ‘seeing things, like gangs of people chasing him’.
1993 Men's Health Jan.–Feb. 72/2 All of them agree..on one thing: An enemy that still stalks many veterans is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
1.
a.
< postdate >
< postentry >
< postnati >
b.
< postfix >
: posterior
< postabdomen >
: following after
< postconsonantal >
2.
a.
< postadolescence >
< postclassical >
< postoperative >
< postwar >
b.
< postantennal >
< postcardinal >
< postocular >
post-
Prefix
- after, later
- behind
Etymology
Latin post (“after, behind”).
Antonyms
Derived terms
前缀:post-
① 表示“在后面”
postwar 战后的(post+war战争)
postpone 推迟(post+phone放→放到后面→推迟)
postgraduate 大学毕业后的(post+graduate毕业)
postface 刊后语(post+face脸;前面→后面的脸→刊后语)
posterior 较后的(post+erity表名词→后面的人→子孙)
② 表示“邮件,邮政”
postage 邮资(post+age钱;状态)
postoffice 邮局(post+office办公室)
postcard 明信片(post+card卡片)
postal 邮政的(post+al)
前缀:post- 后
postwar 战后的
postdate 把日期填迟
post-liberation 解放后的
postpone 推后,延期
postgraduate 大学毕业后的,研究生
postmeridian 午后的
posttreatment 治疗期以后的
postoperative 手术以后的
postnatal 诞生后的,产后的
postface 刊后语
前缀:post-
【词根含义】:后;次
【词根来源】:来源于拉丁语post。
【同源单词】:postgraduate, posthumous, postmeridian, postpone, postscript
词根词缀:post-
【来源及含义】Latin: after, behind, later, subsequent
【同源单词】a posteriori, anemic necrosis, Anno post Romam conditam, anteroposterior, Culpam maiorum posteri luunt, dorsoposterior