英语词汇-ard的发音释义、词根词缀、结构分析、同源词、词频及词根记忆法-英语词根词缀词典

　

词汇	-ard
词根词缀	AHD Collins Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary Prefixsuffix.com SOED Webster Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots -ard 或 -art suff.（后缀） One that habitually or excessively is in a specified condition or performs a specified action: 过于…的人：习惯地或过度地处于一种特定情况或进行特定活动的人： drunkard. 醉鬼语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自古法语 [of Germanic origin] * see kar- [源于日耳曼语的] 参见 kar- -ard or -art suffix forming nouns indicating a person who does something, esp to excess, or is characterized by a certain quality ⇒ braggart ⇒ drunkard ⇒ dullard Origin via Old French from Germanic -hard* (literally: hardy, bold), the final element in many Germanic masculine names, such as Bernhard Bernard, Gerhart Gerard, etc -ard Word Origin 1 a suffix forming nouns that denote persons who regularly engage in an activity, or who are characterized in a certain way, as indicated by the stem; now usually pejorative: coward; dullard; drunkard; wizard. Also, -art. Origin Middle English < Old French, probably extracted from Frankish compound personal names; compare Old High German Adalhart (French Alard), Bernhart (French Bernard), with 2nd element -hart literally, strong, hardy, hard (cognate with Old English -heard in names), often merely as intensifier of quality denoted in 1st element. Related Words becard billiard brassard buzzard Cagoulard Camisard -arda noun suffix, originally intensive but now often depreciative or without special force as in coward, drunkard, wizard. Also, -art. [Old French -ard, -art, from German -hart, hard, hardy; related to hard] -ard noun suffix also -art ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Anglo-French, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German -hart (in personal names such as Gērhart Gerard), Old English heard hard : one that is characterized by performing some action, possessing some quality, or being associated with some thing especially conspicuously or excessively braggart dullard pollard -ard /əd/ suffix forming nouns such as bollard, wizard ［构成名词,如bollard, wizard］。 ■ forming nouns having a depreciatory sense ［构成带贬义的名词］： drunkard dullard. 词源 from Old French， from German -hard 'hard， hardy'. -ard, suffixa. OF. -ard, -art, a. German -hart, -hard, ‘hardy,’ often forming part of personal names as OHG. Regin-hart Raynard, Ebur-hart Everard; also in MHG. and Dutch a formative of common nouns, generally pejorative, whence adopted in the Rom. langs. Used in Fr. as masculine formative, intensive, augmentative, and often pejorative, cf. bastard, couard, canard, mallard, mouchard, vieillard. It appeared in ME. in words from OFr., as bastard, coward, mallard, wizard, also in names of things, as placard, standard (flag); and became at length a living formative of English derivatives, as in buzzard, drunkard, laggard, sluggard, with sense of ‘one who does to excess, or who does what is discreditable.’ In some words it has taken the place of an earlier -ar, -er of the simple agent, as in bragger, braggar, braggard, stander, standard (tree). In some it is now written -art, as braggart; in cockade, orig. cockard, corrupted to -ade. -ard also -art, from Old French -ard, -art, from German -hard, -hart "hardy," forming the second element in many personal names, often used as an intensifier, but in Middle High German and Dutch used as a pejorative element in common nouns, and thus passing into Middle English in bastard, coward, blaffard ("one who stammers"), etc. It thus became a living element in English, as in buzzard, drunkard. ☞ -ard, -art -ard /əd, occas. ɑ:d/ suffix. 1.Repr. Old & mod. French -ard, -art^†from German -hart, -hard ‘hardy’ in nouns, as haggard, mallard, placard, etc., freq. depreciatory, as bastard, coward, etc., and formerly a suffix productive of similar English nouns esp. with the sense ‘a person who does to excess, or does what is discreditable’, as dotard, drunkard, laggard, niggard, sluggard, wizard. See also -art. 2.Repr. endings of various origin, as bustard, hazard, leopard, standard, tankard, etc. -ard \ə(r)d or, in a few loan words from French (as “communard”), \|ärd or \|ȧd\ noun suffix also -art \ə(r)t\ (-s) Etymology: Middle English, from Old French, of Germanic origin; akin to Old High German -hart (in personal names such as Gērhart Gerard); akin to Old English heard hard — more at hard : one that is characterized by performing some action, possessing some quality, or being associated with some thing especially conspicuously or excessively < braggart > < drunkard > < dullard > < pollard > < sluggard > < stinkard > < wizard > : a large one of its kind < staggard > -ard Suffix someone who is in a specified condition e.g. a drunkard Etymology From Old French -ard (suffix), from Old Frankish -hard (“hardy, bold”), from Proto-Germanic harduz (“hard”) Derived terms ► English words suffixed with -ard 后缀：-ard [名词后缀] 表示人（大多含有贬义） drunkard 醉鬼，酒徒 laggard 落后者 Spaniard 西班牙人 bastard 私生子 dullard 笨人，笨汉 coward 胆怯者 dotard 年老昏惯的人 wizard 奇才，男巫 sluggard 懒汉 niggard 守财奴
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