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词汇 -ness
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-ness
suff.（后缀）
  1. State; quality; condition; degree:
    表状况：状态；质量；情况；程度：
    brightness.
    亮度

语源
  1. Middle English -nes
    中古英语 -nes
  2. from Old English
    源自 古英语
-ness

suffix forming nouns

indicating state, condition, or quality, or an instance of one of these
⇒ greatness
⇒ selfishness
⇒ meaninglessness
⇒ a kindness

Origin

Old English -nes, of Germanic origin; related to Gothic -nassus

-ness

Word Origin
1
a native English suffix attached to adjectives and participles, forming abstract nouns denoting quality and state (and often, by extension, something exemplifying a quality or state):
darkness; goodness; kindness; obligingness; preparedness.
Origin
Middle English, Old English -nes, -nis, cognate with German -nis, Gothic -(n)assus; suffix orig. *-assus; -n- by false division of words with adj. and past participle stems ending in -n-; compare Old English efnes (later efen-nys) evenness

Related Words

  • wilderness
  • airiness
  • allness
  • aloofness
  • archness
  • awareness
-nessa suffix used to form, from adjectives and participles, nouns denoting quality or state (also often, by extension, something exemplifying a quality or state), as in darkness, goodness, kindness, obligingness, preparedness.
[Middle English -nes(se), Old English -nes(s), related to German -nis]
-ness
noun suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English -nes, from Old English; akin to Old High German -nissa -ness
: state : condition : quality : degree
    goodness
-ness
/nɪs/  
forming nouns chiefly from adjectives ［主要由形容词构成名词］：
suffix
1.
denoting a state or condition
表示“性质”, “状态”：

liveliness

sadness.

■  an instance of this
表示“某一种状态（或性质）”：

a kindness.

2.
something in a certain state
表示“处于特定状态的某物”：

wilderness.

词源
Old English -nes, -ness, of Germanic origin.
-ness, suffixrepresenting OE. -nes(s), -nis(s), -nys(s), fem. (inflected, and later also in nom., -nesse, etc.) = OFris. -nesse, -nisse, OS. -nesse, -nessi, -nissi, -nussi (also -nissea, -nussea; MDu. -nesse, -nisse, Du. -nis), OHG. -nessi, -nassi, -nissi (also -nissa; MHG. -nisse, G. -niss), Goth. -nassus; the -n is originally part of the stem, the real suffix being -assus, formed from weak verbs in -atjan. The variations in the vowel of the West Germanic forms have not been satisfactorily explained.In middle and early modern English the initial of the suffix is occasionally omitted when preceded by another n, as in brownesse brownness, clenesse cleanness, kenesse keenness, meanesse meanness, etc. (cf. note to finesse).2. In OE. -nes is the suffix most usually attached to adjectives and past participles to form substantives expressing a state or condition, as biternes, deorcnes, heardnes, ábolᵹennes, forþryccednes, etc. A large number of these survive in middle and modern English, and new formations of the same type have been continually made in all periods of the language, it being possible to add the suffix to any adjective or participle, whatever its form or origin may be. Formations from compound adjectives are also common, as selfconceitedness, kindheartedness, square-toedness, water-tightness, tonguetiedness, etc.; and even from adjectival phrases, such as used-upness, get-at-ableness, up-to-dateness, à-la-modeness, little-boyishness; few of the latter, however, are in established or serious use, and most of them are of recent introduction. This is also the case with formations on pronouns, adverbs, etc., as I-ness, me-ness, whatness; whyness, withoutness, nowness, everydayness, etc. The following are examples of some of the more exceptional uses of the suffix by writers of the 19th century.1804Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1836) II. 414 The exclusive Sir-Thomas-Brown-ness of all the fancies.1853Geo. Eliot in Cross Life (1885) I. 319 Dislike-to-getting-up-in-the-morningness.1859Sala Gas-light & D. iv. 43 An irreproachable state of clean-shirtedness, navy blue-broadclothedness and chimney-pot-hattedness.1891Bax Outlooks New Standp. iii. 199 All nowness is the form of I-ness.Ibid. 201 The in-itselfness which Kant saw behind the sense-impression.1893Morris & Bax Socialism iii. 58 The this-worldliness..of barbarian society.b. Used absolutely in pl.1775S. J. Pratt Liberal Opin. lxxxv. (1783) III. 135 The shrewdness, acuteness,..and all other nesses that promised the man of wealth.1888Lowell in Century Mag. Feb. 515/2 Cheerfulness, kindliness, cleverness and contentedness, and all the other good nesses.3. Uses of the suffix somewhat varying from those mentioned above occur in a few words, such as forceness, milkness, wilderness, witness.
-ness
word-forming element denoting action, quality, or state, attached to an adjective or past participle to form an abstract noun, from Old English -nes(s), from Proto-Germanic *in-assu- (cognates: Old Saxon -nissi, Middle Dutch -nisse, Dutch -nis, Old High German -nissa, German -nis, Gothic -inassus), from *-in-, noun stem, + *-assu-, abstract noun suffix, probably from the same root as Latin -tudo (see -tude).
-ness

[Noun] state, condition, quality:
kindness
-ness /nɪs/ suffix. OE.
ORIGIN: Old English -nes(s), -nis(s) = Old Frisian -nesse, -nisse, Old Saxon -nessi, -nissi (Dutch -nis), Old High German -nessi, -nassi, -nissi (German -nis), Gothic -nassus, from Germanic, from final consonant of pa. pple of strong verbs stem + suffix of weak verbs.
Forming nouns expr. a state or condition, esp. from adjectives and (orig. pa.) pples, as bitterness, conceitedness, darkness, hardness, kindheartedness, tongue-tiedness, up-to-dateness, etc., also occas. from adverbs, as everydayness, nowness, etc., and in other nonce uses. Also in extended senses ‘an instance of a state or condition’, as a kindness etc., ‘something in a state or condition’, as foulness etc., and in a few other exceptional uses, as witness.
-ness ⇒ Main Entry: suffix
☞ ness
-ness
\nə̇s sometimes especially when an unstressed syllable precedes & especially in the pl ˌnes; see business\ noun suffix
(-es)
Etymology: Middle English -nes, -ness, -nesse, from Old English -nes, -ness, -nyss, -nys; akin to Old Saxon -nissi, -nussi -ness, Middle Dutch -nisse, -nesse, Old High German -nissa, -nassī, -nussī, Gothic -inassus (-n-, -in- being originally part of the stem)
: state : condition : quality : degree
 < goodness >
 < greatness >
 < sickness >

-ness
  • ⠰⠎
  • -nesse (obsolete)

  • IPA: /nəs/
  • (Old-fashioned RP) IPA: [nɪs]
  • (US) IPA: [nɪ̈s]

    • Suffix

    1. Appended to adjectives to form nouns meaning "the state of being(the adjective)", "the quality of being(the adjective)", or "the measure of being(the adjective)".
      calmness ← calm
      darkness ← dark
      kindness ← kind
      oneness ← one
    2. Appended to words of other parts of speech to form nouns (often nonce words or terms in philosophy) meaning the state/quality/measure of the idea represented by these words.
      thatness ← that
      treeness ← tree

    Etymology

    From Middle English -nes, -nesse, from Old English -nis, -nes, from Proto-Germanic *-nassuz. This suffix was formed already in Proto-Germanic by false division of the final consonant *-n- of the preceding stem + the actual suffix *-assuz. The latter was in turn derived from an earlier *-at(s)-tuz, from the verbal suffix *-at-janą + the noun suffix *-þuz.

    Cognates are Old Saxon -nissi, -nussi, Dutch -nis, German -nis and Gothic -𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌿𐍃 (-assus), -𐌹𐌽𐌰𐍃𐍃𐌿𐍃 (-inassus).

    Usage notes

    If adjective ends in -y, then this changes to -i- when -ness is suffixed. This occurs both when the -y is the suffix -y (“having the quality of”), as in mess → messy → messiness (hence -y → -i-), but also in other cases, as in comely → comeliness.

    Synonyms

  • -dom
  • -hood
  • -ship
  • -itas
  • -itude
  • -th
  • -ia
  • -itia
  • -ity
  • -ability
  • -ibility
  • -icity
  • -osity

    • Derived terms

  • Category:English words suffixed with -ness

    • 后缀：-ness [名词后缀]

    加在形容词之后，构成抽象名词，表示性质、情况、状态

    greatness 伟大

    friendliness 友好，友善

    kindness 仁慈，好意

    darkness 黑暗

    emptimess 空虚，空洞

    likeness 相似，类似

    willingness 心甘情愿

    softness 柔软

    goodness 善行，优良

    badness 恶劣，坏

    weakness 懦弱，虚弱

    tiredness 疲倦，疲劳

    bitterness 苦，苦难

    holiness 神圣

    idleness 懒惰

    blindness 盲目
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    更新时间：2025/1/25 10:06:34