-ette
suff.(后缀)
语源
用法
suff.(后缀)
- Small; diminutive:
小的;小型的:
kitchenette.
小厨房 - Female:
表示女性的:
usherette.
女引座员 - An imitation or inferior kind of cloth:
表示仿造品或衣料质地较差的:
leatherette.
人造革
语源
- Middle English
中古英语 - from Old French [feminine of] -et [-et]
源自 古法语 [] -et的阴性词 [前缀,表“小”]
用法
- The adaptation of the French diminutive suffix-ette to mean “female,” as inusherette or drum majorette, was attacked on etymological grounds long before people realized that it might also involve socially questionable presuppositions.Historically,-ette is the feminine form of a French diminutive suffix that occurs in borrowings such asbanquet, tablet, and clarinet (and in its feminine form, in words such ascigarette and chemisette ). In the past hundred years,-ette has become fairly productive as an English diminutive in words denoting inanimates, as innovelette, kitchenette, luncheonette, and laundrette, but its use to form nouns denoting women is a separate development,most likely derived from the Frenchuse of-ette to form feminine versions of masculine personal names, as inPaulette, Georgette, Jeanette, and Antoinette. In this sense,the suffix was first applied to an English common noun insuffragette, which served as the model for a number of words that referred to women who occupied positions once reserved for men,as infarmerette, sailorette, and chaufferette. Among these onlyusherette and drum majorette have survived, but the pattern is still widely used to coin the names of women's social groups and auxiliaries,as well as in formations such asbachelorette, which enjoyed a vogue not long ago as an attempt to create a feminine counterpart forbachelor. In each case,the use of what is essentially a diminutive or pet name suffix to refer to women betrays a patronizing attitude.See Usage Note at brunette
在人们意识到把法语中意为“小型的一种”的后缀-ette 改变为女性的之意, 如usherette 或 drum majorette。 这种做法还蕴含着某种具有社会意义的不确定的预知。 很久以前,这种改变是一直受到词源学派的攻击。从历史来讲,-ette 是法语中小后缀的阴性形式。 出现于英文中的一些借用语中,如banquet,tablet 和 clarinet (以及出现于它的阴性形式,在词中如cigarette 和 chemisette )。 在过去的几百年中,在英语中以-ette 作为小后缀用于表示无生命事物的词变得相当多, 如novelette,kitchenette,luncheonette 和 laundrette, 但是它构成表示女性名词的用法却是另一种不同的发展,很象出自于法语中的,用ette 构成具有女性形式的本属于男性用的名字, 象Paulette,Georgette,Jeanette 和 Antoinette 。 在这种意义上,词语后缀首先应用于英语的普通名词suffragette 中, 它成为了以后若干指代那些占据了曾一度保留给男性职位的女性的词的典范,如famerette,sailorette 和 chaufferette。 这些词中只有usherette 和 drum majorette 保留至今, 但这种模式已广泛用于创造有关妇女社会团体及其辅助物的名字,就象bachelorette 的组成形式曾在不久前流行, 作为创造与bachelor 相对应的女性的形式的尝试。 无论如何,以实质上小后缀或宠物名字的后缀指代女性的用法显示了一种要求达到重视的态度参见 brunette
-ette
suffix forming nouns
small
⇒
cigarette
⇒
kitchenette
female
⇒
majorette
⇒
suffragette
(esp in trade names) imitation
⇒
Leatherette
Origin
from French, feminine of -et-ette
Word Origin
1
a noun suffix occurring originally in loanwords from French, where it has been used in a variety of diminutive and hypocoristic formations (brunette; cigarette; coquette; etiquette; rosette); as an English suffix, -ette, forms diminutives (kitchenette; novelette; sermonette), distinctively feminine nouns (majorette; usherette), and names of imitation products (leatherette).
Compare -et.
Origin
< French, feminine of -et -et
Usage note
English nouns in which the suffix -ette designates a feminine role or identity have been perceived by many people as implying inferiority or insignificance: bachelorette; drum majorette; farmerette; suffragette; usherette. Of these terms, only drum majorette—or sometimes just majorette—is still widely used, usually applied to one of a group of young women who perform baton twirling with a marching band. A woman or man who actually leads a band is a drum major. Baton twirler is often used instead of (drum) majorette. Farmer, suffragist, and usher are applied to both men and women, thus avoiding any trivializing effect of the -ette ending. See also -enne, -ess, -trix.
Related Words
- aigrette
- bachelorette
- barbette
- billet
- briolette
- budget
-ettea noun suffix, the feminine form of -et, occurring especially:
1. with the original diminutive force, as in cigarette.
2. in trademarks of imitations or substitutes, as in leatherette.
3. as a distinctively feminine ending, as in coquette, brunette, etc.
[French, feminine of -et -et]Usage: The use of -ette as a feminine ending (as in usherette) is becoming rare as terms applying to both men and women (e.g. usher) become standard.
-ette
noun suffix
kitchenette
2. female
farmerette
noun suffix
ETYMOLOGY French, feminine diminutive suffix, from Old French -ete — more at -et
1. little onekitchenette
2. female
farmerette
-ette
suffix
forming nouns [构成名词]
1.
- denoting relatively small size表示“较小”:
-
kitchenette.
2.
- denoting an imitation or substitute表示“仿造”或“替代”:
-
flannelette.
3.
- denoting female gender表示“女性”或“雌性”:
-
suffragette.
USAGEThe use of -ette as a feminine suffix for forming new words is relatively recent: it was first recorded in the word suffragette at the beginning of the 20th century and has since been used to form only a handful of well-established words, including usherette and drum majorette, for example. In the modern context, where the tendency is to use words which are neutral in gender, the suffix -ette is not very productive and new words formed using it tend to be restricted to the deliberately flippant or humorous, as, for example, bimbette and punkette.
词源
from Old French -ette, feminine of -ET1 .
1849 J. Wilson in Blackw.Mag. LXVI. 19This side of the glen..is known to be a descent but by the pretty little cataractettes playing at leap-frog.
1887 Mod. Newspaper,Great sale of Brussellette carpets. Messrs. ―'s plushettes.
1921 H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. (ed. 2) vi. 187The wide use of the suffix -ette in such terms as farmerette, conductorette,..usherette and huskerette, is due to the same effort to make one word do the work of two.
1939 New Yorker 11 Nov., The girls employed to annoy visitors to some kind of Chamber of Commerce festival in Southern California will be called welcomettes.
1942 in Amer. Speech (1943) XVIII. 147Roosevelt Signs ‘Sailorette’ Bill... Usherette in the..movie theater... Chicago tries ‘Copettes’.
1970 Women Speaking Apr. 5/2 Female teams are called Rockettes, Mercurettes, Atomettes.
-ette
diminutive word-forming element, from Old French -ette (fem.), used indiscriminately in Old French with masculine form -et (see -et). As a general rule, older words borrowed from French have -et in English, while ones taken in since 17c. have -ette. In use with native words since late 19c., especially among persons who coin new product names, who tend to give it a sense of "imitation, a sort of" (for example flannelette "imitation flannel of cotton," 1876). Also in words like sermonette, which, OED remarks, "can scarcely be said to be in good use, though often met with in newspapers."
-ette
little one, group of, female, imitation (commercial names):
little one, group of, female, imitation (commercial names):
dinette, octette, majorette, erminette
ORIGIN: Repr. Old French fem. -ette : see -et 1 .
-ette
suffix added to nouns to form new nouns.
little _____: Kitchenette = a little kitchen.
female _____: Usherette = a female usher.
a substitute for _____: Leatherette = a substitute for leather.
[< French -ette, feminine of -et -et]
-ette
\|et sometimes _ə̇t; usu |ed. or _ə̇d.+V\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French, feminine diminutive suffix, from Old French -ete — more at -et
1. : little one (of the thing or class specified) : -let
< wagonette >
< kitchenette >
< dinette >
2. : group of (so many)
< octette >
3. : female
< majorette >
< farmerette >
< suffragette >
4. : imitation : substitute
< erminette >
< beaverette >
— used chiefly in commercial names
1.
< wagonette >
< kitchenette >
< dinette >
2.
< octette >
3.
< majorette >
< farmerette >
< suffragette >
4.
< erminette >
< beaverette >
— used chiefly in commercial names
-ette
Suffix
- Used to form nouns meaning a smaller form of something.
- cigarette, kitchenette, diskette
- Used to form nouns meaning the female equivalent of.
- majorette, bachelorette, Smurfette
- Used to form nouns meaning an imitation or substitute of something.
- leatherette
Etymology
From the French -ette, the feminine form of the diminutive suffix -et.
Derived terms
English words suffixed with -ette
Synonyms
(feminine affix):
后缀:-ette [名词后缀]
1、表示小
roomette 小房间
kitchenette 小厨房
tankette 小坦克
millionette 小百万富翁
novelette 中篇小说(比novel短)
statuette 小雕像
balconette 小阳台
essayette 短文
historiette 小史
storiette 小故事
parasolette 小阳伞
cigarette 烟卷(比cigar小)
pianette 小竖式钢琴
wagonette 轻便游览车
2、表示女性
sailorette 女水手
typette 女打字员
usherette 女引座员
farmerette 农妇
undergraduette 女大学生
majorette 军乐队女队长
3、在商业上表示“仿造物”、“代用品”
leatherette 人造革
rosette 玫瑰花形物
linenette 充亚麻织物
flannelette 棉法兰绒
4、其他
serviette 餐巾
launderette 自动洗衣店
-ety [名词后缀]
构成抽象名词,表示性质、状态、情况
gayety 快乐
vanety 变化
anxiety 悬念
notoriety 臭名昭著
satiety 饱足,厌腻
propriety 适当,适合