nephro- 或 nephr-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Kidney; kidneylike structure:
肾：肾；肾状结构：
nephrotomy.
肾切开术
语源
- From Greek nephros [kidney]
源自 希腊语 nephros [肾]
nephro- or (before a vowel) nephr-
combining form
kidney or kidneys
⇒
nephrotomy
Origin
from Greek nephrosnephro-
Word Origin
1
a combining form meaning “kidney,” used in the formation of compound words:
nephrolith.
Also, especially before a vowel, nephr-.
Origin
combining form representing Greek nephrós kidney, kidneys
Related Words
- nephrolith
- nephrology
- nephropathy
- nephrostome
- nephrotomy
nephro-a word element referring to the kidneys.
Also, nephr-. [Greek, combining form of nephros kidney]
nephro-
combining form
⇨ see nephr-
combining form
⇨ see nephr-
nephro-
（元音前亦作nephr-）
combining form
- of a kidney; relating to the kidneys表示“肾的”, “与肾有关的”：
-
nephrotoxic.
词源
from Greek nephros 'kidney'.
1934 F. Albright et al. inAmer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CLXXVII. 60The initial disturbance, however, is not an inflammation, but presumably a deposition of calcium. Therefore, the term chronic *nephro-calcinosis would seem preferable.
1951 A. C. Allen Kidney xi. 366/2Parenchymal nephrocalcinosis rarely interferes with renal function to any significant degree.
1974 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxiii. 51/1In nephrocalcinosis calcium is deposited in the basement of renal tubules in cortex and medulla, in tubular lumina and in small foci in the interstitial tissue.
1661 Lovell Hist. Anim. &Min. 454*Nephrocathartick of Joubertus. [ syrup]
1895 Jrnl. R.Microsc. Soc. 165He finds colossal cells, whose possible function is suggested in the title ‘*nephrocytes’. [ sc. Korotneff]
1932 Borradaile & Potts Invertebrata xiv. 390Nitrogenous end products are found in the nephrocytes (cells found commonly associated with the fat body and the pericardium ). [ of insects]
1969 R. F. Chapman Insects xxv. 494Nephrocytes, or pericardial cells, are cells occurring singly or in groups in various parts of the body. They may be very large, as in dipterous larvae, or small and numerous and usually they contain more than one nucleus.
1883 Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 682The Porodinic group is divisible into *Nephrodinic and Idiodinic, in the former the nephridium serving as a pore. [ of Cœlomate animals]
Ibid. ,The genital ducts of the Idiodinic forms may be called Idiogonaducts, as distinguished from *nephrogonaducts of nephrodinic forms.
1842 Dunglison, *Nephrolithiasis.
1880 A. Flint Princ. Med. (ed. 2) 906The treatment of nephro-lithiasis..will depend on the nature of the concretions.
1842 Dunglison Med. Dict. ,*Nephrolithic... This epithet has been applied to ischuria, occasioned by calculi formed in the kidneys.
1849 Craig, *Nephrolithotomy.
1883 Holmes & Hulke Syst. Surg. (ed. 3) III. 179Nephro-lithotomy: designating incisions expressly intended not only to expose a portion of the kidney, but to remove a stone therefrom.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 444When anuria supervenes..nephrolithotomy is indicated.
1900 E. S. Goodrich in Q.Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLIII. 742The ordinary wide-mouthed segmental organs of the Polychæta, formed by the fusion of the nephridium with the genital funnel, may be called *Nephromixia... Kindly suggested to me by Professor E. Ray Lankester.
1900 E. R. Lankester Treat. Zool. II. ii. 37The composite organ thus formed may be termed a ‘nephromixium’ or ‘nephromix’, in reference to its hybrid composition.
1932 Borradaile & Potts Invertebrata ix. 229Nephromixia may take on the functions of coelomoducts where these do not exist independently.
1963 R. P. Dales Annelids i. 30In other polychaetes the coelomoducts may be grafted on to the stem of the nephridium to form a nephromixium, which may be used both as a genital and as an excretory duct.
1917 Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 9) 655/1*Nephropathic.
1973 Nature 3 Aug. 289/2 In the nephropathic form of cystinosis, patients appear normal at birth.
1916 *Nephropathy . [ see nephrosis b]
1956 Root & White Diabetes Mellitus xv. 189Diabetic nephropathy is commonly first indicated by recurring edema, persistent albuminuria and in many cases an increase in the plasma lipids.
1968 A. Walsh tr. J. Hamburger's Nephrology I. xvi. 529/1Even in the group of nephropathies of toxic origin, mercury poisoning takes second place..after carbon tetrachloride.
1897 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 11 Dec. 1190/1*Nephropexy is a legitimate and established procedure in all cases in which it can be established that the kidney is not only displaced, but is at the same time the direct cause of the manifold symptoms which such a condition may and often will produce.
1932 Ball & Evans Dis. of Kidney xiii. 394Nephropexy has proved a sufficient method of treatment of mild degrees of hydronephrosis associated with excessive mobility of the kidney.
1968 Nephropexy . [ see fixation 3 c]
1892 Syd. Soc. Lex. ,*Nephroptosis.
1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 341The condition of mobility has been named Nephroptosis.
1876 tr. Wagner'sGen. Pathol. 107Cases of hæmorrhagic *Nephro-pyelitis in various acute diseases.
1885 W. Roberts Urin. & RenalDis. iii. xiv. (ed. 4) 681A much less dangerous operation, *nephroraphy, in which the kidney is stitched to the posterior abdominal walls.
1894 Lancet 3 Nov. 1035 The woman was referred..for nephrorrhaphy, as the case was considered to be one of movable kidney.
1890 Billings Med. Dict. II. 199/2*Nephrosclerosis.
1926 H. Elwyn Nephritis xvi. 280Arteriosclerosis of the kidney with its end stage of primary contracted kidney was classified under the term nephrosclerosis.
1951 A. C. Allen Kidney xiii. 397/1The color of the kidneys with malignant nephrosclerosis is brownish or greyish red.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. &Technol. VII. 343/2Nephrosclerosis is only part of a generalized disorder of arteries.
1878 Bell Gegenbaur'sComp. Anat. 605The rudimentary ducts are always provided with functionally active *nephrostomata.
1888 Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 204Each organ consists of a ciliated funnel or *nephrostome.
1900 Keen & DaCosta Amer. Yr.-bk.Med. &Surg. II. 184MM. Guyon and T. Albarran discussed the subject of nephrotomy at the French Surgical Congress of 1898. They restrict the term nephrotomy to the making of an incision into the kidney; but when the pelvis of the kidney is opened through the kidney-substance, and the wound is kept open and a fistula is formed, they call the operation *nephrostomy.
Ibid. ,Nephrostomy is employed, in the first place, to relieve renal retention, septic or aseptic.
1932 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 8 Oct. 1229/2Nephrostomy on only one side makes the care of the urinary drainage apparatus much easier.
1967 S. Taylor et al. ShortTextbk. Surg. xxv. 357If the patient is too ill for a major operation nephrostomy or drainage of the kidney only may be possible, with secondary nephrectomy later, a very difficult operation.
1895 Gadow & Abbott in Phil. Trans. R.Soc. B. CLXXXVI. 166Concerning the segmentally arranged mesodermal products (omitting *nephrotomes and gonotomes) the following subdivision is adhered to.
1949 A. S. Romer Vertebrate Body xii. 378In our embryological story we noted that in every trunk segment the mesoderm includes, on either side, a nephric region, often segmentally distinct as a nephrotome, a small discrete block of tissue interposed between somite and lateral plate.
1974 M. Hildebrand Analysis of Vertebrate Structure xiii. 308Relatively few nephrotomes are incorporated . [ in the pronephros]
1902 Vaughan & Novy Cellular Toxins (ed. 4) vii. 144The blood of animals in which one ureter has remained tied for some time becomes laden with a *nephrotoxic substance.
1937 Nephrotoxic . [ see nephrotoxin below]
1973 Jrnl. Pharmacol. &Exper. Ther. CLXXXVI. 593/1Administration of the nephrotoxic agent uranyl nitrate to rats specifically stimulated organic base accumulation by renal cortical slices.
1961 Lancet 22 July 179/1 The new preparation..appeared..to be devoid of..*nephrotoxicity.
1970 Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. II. xxxii. 4/2Mercury poisoning is the oldest and best understood type of nephrotoxicity.
1902 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXXIV. ii. 443Repeated injections into the rabbit..of kidney cells from the dog..provoke the appearance in the rabbit's blood of a substance, *nephrotoxin, which is most harmful to the kidney cells of the dog.
1937 Jrnl. Exper. Med. LXV. 564The nephrotoxic effect induced by anti-kidney serum is dependent upon a relatively organ specific antibody, nephrotoxin.
1961 A. G. White Clin. Disturbances of Renal Function v. 153Among the nephrotoxins encountered most frequently in clinical practice is carbon tetrachloride.
1970 R. C. Muehrcke in F. W. Sunderman Lab. Diagnosis KidneyDis. xxxvii. 444/1Other nephrotoxins such as sulfonamides produce their adverse pathopharmacological effects through a hypersensitivity reaction.
1896 Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 812Symptoms of acute nephritis (*nephrotyphoid).
nephro-
before vowels nephr-, word-forming element meaning "kidney, kidneys," from nephro-, comb. form of Greek nephros "kidney" (see nephron).
ORIGIN: from Greek nephros kidney: see -o-
nephro-
— see nephr-
— see nephr-
nephro-
Prefix
- Of or relating to the kidneys.
Etymology
Ancient Greek νεφρός (nephrós).
Derived terms
English words prefixed with nephro-