cryo-
pref.（前缀）
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Cold; freezing:
冷的；冰冻的：
cryoscopy.
冰点测定
语源
- From Greek kruos [icy cold] * see kreus-
源自 希腊语 kruos [冰冷的] *参见 kreus-
cryo-
combining form
indicating low temperature; frost, cold, or freezing
⇒
cryogenics
⇒
cryosurgery
Origin
from Greek kruos icy cold, frostcryo-
Word Origin
1
a combining form meaning “icy cold,” “frost,” used in the formation of compound words:
cryogenics.
Origin
combining form representing Greek krýos
Related Words
- cryobiology
- cryoelectronics
- cryoextraction
- cryogen
- cryogenic
- cryogenics
cryo-a word element meaning 'icy cold', 'frost', 'low temperature'.
[Greek kryo-, combining form of kryos]cryo-
combining form
⇨ see cry-
combining form
⇨ see cry-
cryo-
combining form
- involving or producing cold, especially extreme cold表示“寒冷”, “冰冻”：
-
cryostat
cryosurgery.
词源
from Greek kruos 'frost'.
1960 H. T. Meryman in Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. LXXXV. ii. 509The future of cryobiology is exciting, permitting as it does the attainment of indefinitely suspended animation.
1961 Lancet 16 Sept. 657/2 At the cryobiology laboratories..A. Rowe..demonstrated new apparatus for the..low-temperature storage of bone-marrow.
1962 Business Week 16 June 72/1 Cryobiology is the marriage of two separate sciences: cryogenics, or extreme low-temperature physics, and biology.
Ibid. ,Cryobiologists have come up with two ways to preserve cells by freezing.
1964 Internat. Science &Technol. June 58/2The realm of cryobiology encompasses everything below the optimum temperatures at which life functions... The problems of cryobiology stretch all the way from trying to understand what happens to an animal, an insect, or a single cell when it is cooled (or later warmed) to techniques for preserving useful cells like blood or destroying undesirable cells such as those in the brain of a patient suffering from Parkinson's disease.
Ibid. 66/2The trouble is that these high rates of heat transfer occur too late—at temperature differences between specimen and fluid that are too low for cryobiological use.
1947 Lerner & Watson in Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. CCXIV. 413/1The term cryoglobulin is..suggested to represent a group of proteins with the common property of precipitating (or gelifying) from cooled serum.
1965 Oxford Mag. 25 Feb. 235/2He perfected a technique for the assay of cryoglobulins, proteins separating from blood at temperatures below that of the body. [ sc. Bagratuni]
1947 Jrnl. Glaciology I. 35‘Cryology’. Shortly before the war this new word for the study of glaciology was coined in Central Europe... In America the word ‘cryology’ is coming into fashion to describe the study of refrigeration.
1961 L. D. Stamp Gloss. Geogr. Terms 140/1At the International Association of Scientific Hydrology in Zurich, Meinzen referred to four divisions of hydrology—potamology, limnology, hydrology..and cryology (the scientific study of ice and snow).
1946 K. Bryan in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXLIV. 639Cryopedology, the science of intensive frost action and permanently frozen ground including studies of the processes and their occurrence and also the engineering devices which may be invented to avoid or overcome difficulties induced by them.
1942 C. S. Morris in Dairy Industries VII. 63 (title)Cryophilic bacteria as a cause of milk samples failing the methylene blue test.
1962 Lancet 5 May 955/2 Where stored blood is used, the greatest danger is its accidental infection with cryophilic bacteria, though this happens only once or twice for each million bottles issued.
1909 Groom & Balfour tr. Warming's Oecology of Plants xxxvii. 154Closely allied to plankton, but of a subsidiary..nature, is the glacial community forming the cryophyte-formation, which is composed of microphytes that are periodically exposed to ice-cold water.
1960 N. Polunin Introd. PlantGeogr. xv. 490It is perhaps best to refer to the plants growing on snow or ice as ‘cryophytes’.
1946 K. Bryan in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXLIV. 640Cryoplanation, land reduction by the processes of intensive frost-action... Includes the work of rivers and streams in transporting materials delivered by the above process.
1932 Fuller & Conard tr. Braun-Blanquet's Plant Sociology xii. 289Cryoplankton, protista inhabiting snow and ice.
1961 New Scientist 25 May 434/2 Cryopumps which involve the liquefaction of hydrogen or helium to produce high vacua over large volumes.
1963 Ibid. 11 Apr. 99/1‘Cryopumping’—freezing the air in a chamber.
1959 McWhorter & Rediker in Proc. Inst. RadioEngin. XLVIII. 1207/1The cryosar is a new semiconductor device, intended primarily for high-speed computer switching and memory applications, which utilizes the low-temperature avalanche breakdown produced by impact ionization of impurities. The name of the device was derived from ‘low-temperature (cryo-) switching by avalanche and recombination’.
1962 Engineering 5 Jan. 21/3 Cryogenic devices such as..the cryotron and the cryosar.
1962 New Scientist 26 July 213 (heading) Cryosurgery cures Parkinsonism.
1965 Observer 2 May (Colour Suppl. ) 14 (Advt. ),Union Carbide also manufacture..cryosurgical equipment.
1946 K. Bryan in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXLIV. 633A recent coinage by Edelman, Florshutz and Jeswiet (1936) is ‘cryoturbation’.
1954 Proc. Prehist. Soc. XX. 134At a similar time cryoturbation took place where a clay and sand interface occurred near enough to the surface.
1965 New England Jrnl. Med. 30 Dec. 1443/2 (heading)Preparation of *cryoprecipitates rich in antihemophilic globulin.
1967 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 8 Apr. 91/1Cryoprecipitate is an extremely valuable therapeutic material for the treatment of haemophilia.
1977 Lancet 24 Sept. 641/1 Cryoprecipitate therapy is still widely used for treatment in hæmophilia A, especially in developing countries.
1985 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 695/2Concentrates became freely available in the early 1970s, when their many advantages over fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate were recognised.
1965 Biol. Abstr. XLVI. 4233/1 (heading)*Cryoprecipitation in the neuro-psychiatric milieu.
1966 Ibid. XLVII. 1983/1The phenomenon of cryoprecipitation takes place not only in extracts but also in the cytoplasmic fluids of some seeds.
1969 Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S. ) 498Cryoprecipitation, so-called because it is effected at low temperature, enables the antihemophilic factor from a pint of blood to be concentrated in a volume of only 10 ml.
1985 Molecular Immunol. XXII. 717/2A hapten-induced conformational change can accompany the cryoprecipitation of the immunoglobulin.
1965 Aviation Week 11 Jan. 44/2 The Nesco cryogenic probe, designated *cryoprobe, is a streamlined nose section which is fitted to the Genie booster.
1965 N.Y. Times 25 Dec. 21/4Dr. Armao intends his cryoprobe for such operations as the knifeless removal of a diseased prostate.
1967 Time 21 July 44/2 Faced with cases that seemed beyond help, Dr. Bellows decided to try a cryoprobe chilled to a temperature of -65°C.
1981 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Oct. 945/1Intercostal nerves frozen with a cryoprobe.
1957 Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst. ) 69/2*Cryosphere, all of the earth's surface that is permanently frozen.
1968 R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 227In some regions of permafrost, the cryosphere penetrates the lithosphere as deep as 600 meters.
1975 Nature 28 Aug. 689/3 An improved understanding of the workings and interactions of the five physical elements of the total climatic system—atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, lithosphere and biosphere—is badly needed.
1982 Barry & Chorley Atmosphere, Weather & Climate (ed. 4) viii. 332Two categories of causal factors affecting the earth's climate system can be distinguished... This second category, especially, involves complex feedback effects between atmosphere, ocean and cryosphere.
1975 Nature 28 Aug. 717/1 These results..seem capable of providing accurate estimates of the lag times involved in the change of the oceanic and *cryospheric systems from glacial to interglacial modes.
1986 Internat. Jrnl. Remote Sensing VII. 1359The well-established effect of orographic shadowing is particularly important for cryospheric surfaces.
1939 Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. XXXIX. 997*Cryotherapy should be guardedly administered when there is atrophy of the skin.
1969 New Scientist 30 Jan. 230/2 In advanced ano-rectal neoplasms and bladder tumours palliative cryotherapy provides worthwhile symptomatic relief by surface destruction of the tumour and by its ability to reduce local haemorrhage and mucoid discharge.
1985 E. H. Hart German Shepherd Dog xxii. 296Cryotherapy, the freezing of tissues by agents such as liquid nitrogen and freon via a probe, is being used successfully by many veterinarians.
cryo-
word-forming element meaning "very cold, freezing," from Latinized form of Greek kryo-, comb. form of kryos "icy cold," related to kryeros "chilling" (see crust, n.).
☞ cry-, cryo-, kryo-
ORIGIN: from Greek kruos frost, icy cold: see -o-
cryo-
combining form. low temperature; cold; freezing, as in cryobiology, cryoscope.
[< Greek krýos frost, cold]
cryo-
combining form
see cry-
see cry-
cryo-
Prefix
- cold, freezing
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “icy cold, chill, frost”).
Derived terms
English words prefixed with cryo-