-ize 或 -ise
suff.（后缀）

To cause to be or to become:
使成为，使变成：
dramatize.
戏剧化
To cause to conform to or resemble:
使…一致，使…相像：
Hellenize.
使希腊化
To treat as:
当作…对待：
idolize.
偶像崇拜

To treat or affect with:
对待或影响…：
anesthetize.
施以麻醉
To subject to:
使服从：
tyrannize.
压制

To treat according to or practice the method of:
根据…对待或实施办法：
pasteurize.
施行巴氏消毒
To become; become like:
成为；变得象：
materialize.
具体化
To perform, engage in, or produce:
完成，从事于，生产：
botanize.
采集植物

语源

Middle English -isen
中古英语 -isen
from Old French -iser
源自古法语 -iser
from Late Latin -izāre
源自后期拉丁语 -izāre
from Greek -izein [v. suff.]
源自希腊语 -izein [动词后缀]

用法

The suffix-ize is a productive means of turning nouns or adjectives into verbs, as in well-established forms such asformalize, criticize, jeopardize, and hospitalize. But the semantic versatility of the suffix can cause ambiguity,since the nature of the activity denoted by a verb formed in this way often depends on the context.Thuscomputerize may mean “to furnish with computers,” as inThe entire office has been computerized, or “to enter on a computer,”as inThe records are not yet computerized. And the sentenceEarthquake relief requirements must be prioritized may mean that all relief requirements must be assigned a high priority or that the relative priority among requirements must be determined.The meanings of verbs such as these may be obscure to people who lack the relevant background informationand will naturally tend to regard them as jargon.This is one reason that so many words formed with-ize met with critical resistance when they were first introduced, among them beingAmericanize, nationalize, and jeopardize, all of which are now acceptable. Although some recent words of this type are unobjectionable,for example,computerize, institutionalize, and radicalize, many others are associated with bureaucratic and corporate jargon,for example,accessorize, incentivize, prioritize, privatize, and in particularfinalize, which despite its wide usagewas judged unacceptable by 71 percent of the Usage Panel.Coinages of this sort should be used with caution until they have passed the tests of manifest utility and acceptance by reputable writers.See Usage Note at finalize ,prioritize
后缀-ize 在把名词或形容词转化为动词时具有多种含义，例如在固定结构中像“使定形，批评，使面临险境” 和 “送入医院” 等。但是由于这个后缀在语义上的转换经常会模棱两可，所以用这种方式表示动词的形容词意思要根据上下文才能确定。因此computerize 可以意指为“计算机配备”，例如在句子“整个办公室都配备了计算机” 中，也可指“输入计算机”象在句子“记录还没有被输入计算机” 中。句子“地震救援物质必须被排定优先秩序” 可以表示为所有的物质必须被提到紧急的秩序地位，也可以指物品之间的优先排定秩序必须被确定。象这些动词的意思对那些缺乏相关背景信息的人一定是很模糊的，很自然就会认为是专业术语。这就是为什么这么多由-ize 构成的词语一经介绍使用就会遇到批评阻力的原因之一，只有象“美国化”，“国民化” 和 “使面临险境” 现在被接受。尽管这类词有许多不是不合适，像“使计算机化”，“使成公共团体，使制度化” 和 “使激进，使偏激” ，还有一些词和官僚的或社团团体的专业术语有关，像“使共犯”，“使产生刺激”，“使排定秩序”，“私人化” 特别是“使终结” ，虽然这些词语用途广泛，但用法专题小组中有71%的成员认为这些用法不能接受。这种类型的创新字必须要等到他们通过了对其用法明确性的考验，并要被有声望的作家接受后才能被谨慎地使用参见 finalize,prioritize

-ize or -ise

suffix forming verbs

to cause to become, resemble, or agree with

⇒ legalize

to become; change into

⇒ crystallize

to affect in a specified way; subject to

⇒ hypnotize

to act according to some practice, principle, policy, etc

⇒ economize

In Britain and the US -ize is the preferred ending for many verbs, but -ise is equally acceptable in British English. Certain words (chiefly those not formed by adding the suffix to an existing word) are, however, always spelt with -ise in both Britain and the US: advertise, revise

Origin

from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izāre, from Greek -izein

-ize

Word Origin

1

a verb-forming suffix occurring originally in loanwords from Greek that have entered English through Latin or French (baptize; barbarize; catechize); within English, -ize, is added to adjectives and nouns to form transitive verbs with the general senses “to render, make” (actualize; fossilize; sterilize; Americanize), “to convert into, give a specified character or form to” (computerize; dramatize; itemize; motorize), “to subject to (as a process, sometimes named after its originator)” (hospitalize; terrorize; galvanize; oxidize; simonize; winterize). Also formed with -ize, are a more heterogeneous group of verbs, usually intransitive, denoting a change of state (crystallize), kinds or instances of behavior (apologize; moralize; tyrannize), or activities (economize; philosophize; theorize).

Also, especially British, -ise¹.

Compare -ism, -ist, -ization.

Origin

< Late Latin -izāre < Greek -izein; replacing Middle English -isen < Old French -iser < Late Latin, as above

Usage note

The suffix -ize has been in common use since the late 16th century; it is one of the most productive suffixes in the language, and scores of words ending in -ize are in daily use.

Some words ending in -ize have been widely disapproved in recent years, particularly finalize (first attested in the early 1920s) and prioritize (around 1970). Such words are most often criticized when they become, as did these two, vogue terms, suddenly heard and seen everywhere, especially in the context of advertising, commerce, education, or government—forces claimed by some to have a corrupting influence upon the language. The criticism has fairly effectively suppressed the use of finalize and prioritize in belletristic writing, but the words are fully standard and occur regularly in all varieties of speech and writing, especially the more formal types.

The British spelling, -ise, is becoming less common in British English, especially in technical or formal writing, chiefly because some influential British publishers advocate or have adopted the American form -ize.

Related Words

-ise
-ist
barbarize
finalize
prioritize
-ism

-ize→ -ise¹.

-ize
verb suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein

1.
  a.
    (1) cause to be or conform to or resemble
       systemize
       Americanize
    : cause to be formed into
       unionize
    (2) subject to a (specified) action
       plagiarize
    (3) impregnate or treat or combine with
       aluminize
  b. treat like
      idolize
  c. treat according to the method of
      bowdlerize
2.
  a. become : become like
      crystallize
  b. be productive in or of
      hypothesize
  : engage in a (specified) activity
      philosophize
  c. adopt or spread the manner of activity or the teaching of
      Platonize
Usage.
  The suffix -ize has been productive in English since the time of Thomas Nashe (1567-1601), who claimed credit for introducing it into English to remedy the surplus of monosyllabic words. Almost any noun or adjective can be made into a verb by adding -ize
      hospitalize
      familiarize
  many technical terms are coined this way
      oxidize
  as well as verbs of ethnic derivation
      Americanize
  and verbs derived from proper names
      bowdlerize
      mesmerize
  Nashe noted in 1591 that his -ize coinages were being criticized, and to this day new words ending in -ize
      finalize
      prioritize
  are sure to draw critical fire.

-ize

/aɪz/

（亦作-ise）

suffix

forming verbs meaning 构成动词, 表示：

1.

make or become 使成为; 使形成：: fossilize

privatize.

■ cause to resemble 使…化：: Americanize.

2.

treat in a specified way 作…处理：: pasteurize

■ treat or cause to combine with a specified substance 使与…结合, 使渗透：: carbonize

oxidize.

3.

follow a specified practice 进行, 按…行事：: agonize

theorize.

■ subject to a practice 服从于, 受…支配：: hospitalize.

USAGE1 The form -ize has been in use in English since the 16th century; although it is widely used in American English, it is not an Americanism. The alternative spelling -ise （reflecting a French influence） is in common use, especially in British English. It is obligatory in certain cases： first, where it forms part of a larger word element, such as -mise （= sending） in compromise, and -prise （= taking） in surprise; and second, in verbs corresponding to nouns with -s-in the stem, such as advertise and televise. 2 Adding -ize to a noun or adjective has been a standard way of forming new verbs for centuries, and verbs such as characterize, terrorize, and sterilize were all formed in this way hundreds of years ago. For some reason, people object to recent formations of this type： during the 20th century, there have been objections raised against prioritize, finalize, and hospitalize, among others. There doesn't seem to be any coherent reason for this, except that verbs formed from nouns tend, inexplicably, to be criticized as vulgar formations. Despite objections, it is clear that -ize forms are an accepted part of the standard language.

派生词

-ization suffix

forming corresponding nouns

构成相应的名词

-izer suffix

forming agent nouns

构成施事名词。

词源

from French -iser, via late Latin -izare from Greek verbs ending in -izein.

-ize(also written -ise),suffix forming vbs. = F. -ise-r, It. -izare, Sp. -izar, ad. late L. -izāre, -īzāre, f. Gr. -ίζειν, formative derivative of vbs.The Greek verbs were partly intrans., as βαρβαρίζειν to play the barbarian, act or speak as a barbarian, side with the barbarians, τυραννίζειν to side with the tyrants, partly trans. as καθαρίζειν to purify, clean, θήσαυρίζειν to treasure up. Those formed on national, sectarian, or personal names were primarily intransitive, as ἀττικίζειν to Atticize in manners, to speak Attic, ϕιλιππίζειν to act or speak for Philip, to philippize, Ἑλληνίζειν to ‘do’ the Greek, act as a Greek, speak Greek, Hellenize; also, to make Greek. A few words of this form connected with or used in early Christianity, were latinized already in the 3rd or 4th c. by Christian writers: such were βαπτίζειν baptizāre, εὐαγγελίζειν euangelizāre, κατηχίζειν catechizāre, σκανδαλίζειν scandalizāre, ἀναθηµατίζειν anathēmatizāre, χριστιανίζειν christiānizāre, ἰουδαίζειν iūdaizāre. Others continued to be formed both in ecclesiastical and philosophical use, e.g. canōnizāre, dæmonizāre, syllogizāre (Boethius Aristot. Anal.); and this became established as the normal form for the latinizing of Greek verbs, or the formation of verbs upon Greek analogies. In med.L. and the mod. langs. these have been formed also on L. or modern national names, and the use has been extended to the formation of verbs from L. adjs. or ns. This practice prob. began first in French; in mod.F. the suffix has become -iser, alike in words from Greek, as baptiser, évangéliser, organiser, and those formed after them from L., as civiliser, cicatriser, humaniser. Hence, some have used the spelling -ise in Eng., as in French, for all these words, and some prefer -ise in words formed in French or Eng. from L. elements, retaining -ize for those of Gr. composition. But the suffix itself, whatever the element to which it is added, is in its origin the Gr. -ιζειν, L. -izāre; and, as the pronunciation is also with z, there is no reason why in English the special French spelling should be followed, in opposition to that which is at once etymological and phonetic. In this Dictionary the termination is uniformly written -ize. (In the Gr. -ιζ-, the i was short, so originally in L., but the double consonant z (= dz, ts) made the syllable long; when the z became a simple consonant, |-idz| became īz, whence Eng. |-aɪz|.)In current English the following groups may be noted:1. Words that have come down from Greek, or have been at some time adopted from Greek, or formed on Greek elements; a. with the trans. sense of ‘make or conform to, or treat in the way of, the thing expressed by the derivation’, as baptize (prob. the earliest -ize word in Eng.), anathematize, anatomize, apostrophize, canonize, catechize, cauterize, characterize, christianize, crystallize, diphthongize, harmonize, idolize, monopolize, organize, phlebotomize, stigmatize, symbolize, systematize, tantalize; b. with the intrans. sense ‘to act some person or character, do or follow some practice’, as agonize, apologize, apostatize, botanize, dogmatize, geologize, philosophize, syllogize, sympathize, theorize.2. Words formed (in Fr. or Eng.) on Latin adjs. and ns. (esp. on derivative adjs. in -al, -ar, -an, etc.), mostly with the trans. sense ‘to make (that which is expressed by the derivation)’, as actualize, authorize, brutalize, civilize, colonize, consonantize, devocalize, eternize, etherealize, familiarize, fertilize, formalize, fossilize, humanize, immortalize, legalize, memorize, nationalize, naturalize, neutralize, patronize, pulverize, realize, satirize, scrutinize, secularize, signalize, solemnize, spiritualize, sterilize, terrorize, vocalize; trans. or intrans., as cicatrize, extemporize, moralize, particularize; less frequently only intrans., as temporize.3. Words from later sources, as bastardize, foreignize, jeopardize, villanize, womanize trans., gormandize, and such nonce-words as cricketize, pedestrianize, tandemize, intr.4. Words formed on ethnic adjs., and the like, chiefly trans. but sometimes intrans., as Americanize, Anglicize, Gallicize, Germanize, Latinize, Romanize, Russianize.5. Words formed on names of persons, sometimes with the intrans. Greek sense of ‘to act like, or in accordance with’, as in Calvinize, Coryatize, but usually in the trans. sense of ‘to treat like, or after the method of, or according to the (chemical or other) process of’; as in Boucherize, Bowdlerize, Burnettize, galvanize, Grangerize, macadamize, mesmerize, Rumfordize; with many technical and commercial terms, and nonce-words such as Gladstonize, Irvingize, Joe Millerize, Merry-Andrewize, without limit.6. From names of substances, chemical and other; in the trans. sense of ‘to charge, impregnate, treat, affect, or influence with’; as alcoholize, alkalize, carbonize, de-oxidize, hydrogenize, oxidize, ozonize, silverize, etc.; so in nonce-words, as Londonize to make like London, etc.Verbs in -ize have the usual derivative adjs. and ns., as ppl. adj. in -ed (often more used than the vb.) as ‘sensitized paper’; ppl. adj. in -ing, chiefly from the intrans. use, as ‘Judaizing Christians’, ‘a philosophizing writer’; vbl. n. in -ing, as ‘the Bowdlerizing of Shakespeare’; agent-noun in -izer (sometimes coexistent with a formation on the Greek type in -ist), as colonizer (colonist); noun of action in -ization (sometimes coexistent with one from Gr. in -ism), as civilization, organization (organism).The following are illustrations of some of the recent uses of the suffix:1591Nashe Introd. Sidney's Astr. & Stella in P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) p. xxx, Reprehenders, that complain of my boystrous compound wordes, and ending my Italionate coyned verbes all in ize.1611Florio, Inpetrarcato, Petrarchized.1618J. Taylor (Water P.) Journ. Scotl., I haue a smacke of Coriatizing.1682D'Urfey Butler's Ghost II. 177 Ralpho..takes the Tongs..and snaps him by the Nose..surpriz'd, To be thus rudely dunstaniz'd.1796Coleridge Lett. I. 209 We might Rumfordize one of the chimneys.1833Blackw. Mag. XXXIV. 533 It is a taste that, to coin a word, insignificantizes everything—unpoetizes nature.1840New Monthly Mag. LIX. 492 Tandemizing, cricketizing, boatizing, et omne quod exit in izing, is not to be carried on without a considerable expenditure.1858Sat. Rev. V. 264/2 He has no fear of Tower-Hamletizing the land.Ibid. VI. 203/2 To Perkin-Warbeckize a pretender is the best, because not the most spirited, policy.1861T. L. Peacock Gryll Gr. viii, Arch-quacks have taken to merry⁓andrewizing in a new arena.1866Sat. Rev. 10 Nov. (L.), If a man..is funny, and succeeds in Joe-Millerizing history, he pleases somebody or other.1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 164 Of the first class [Preservation of Timber] the three best known processes are: (a) Burnetising, (b) Kyanising, and (c) Boucherising.1881Mahaffy in Academy 23 Apr. 295 She does not Irvingise Shylock.1885J. C. Jeaffreson Real Shelley II. 192 The troop of nakedized children rushed downstairs.1894Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 7/3 These instruments, before they are used, should always be strictly anti-septicized.1897A. Lang in Blackw. Mag. Feb. 187 To do this is not to Celticise but to Macphersonise.1897Westm. Gaz. 28 July 6/1 The word ‘Klondykised’ has been coined to express the conditions of persons who have caught the mania [for seeking gold at Klondyke]... The effect has been to ‘Klondykise’ nearly all the people of the town.1898L. A. Tollemache Talks w. Gladstone 114 note, It [the passage] is, as it were, Canning Gladstonized.

-ize

word-forming element used to make verbs, Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein.

English picked up the French form, but partially reverted to the correct Greek -z- spelling from late 16c. In Britain, despite the opposition (at least formerly) of OED, Encyclopaedia Britannica, the "Times of London," and Fowler, -ise remains dominant. Fowler thinks this is to avoid the difficulty of remembering the short list of common words not from Greek which must be spelled with an -s- (such as advertise, devise, surprise).

-ize

[Verb] cause:

fantasize

-ize /ʌɪz/ suffix. Also -ise.

ORIGIN: from or after French -iser (Italian -izzare, Spanish -izar) from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein.

1.Forming trans. verbs with the sense ‘make or treat in a specified way’, as anatomize, characterize, idolize, tantalize, etc.

2.Forming intrans. verbs with the sense ‘do in a specified way, follow a specified practice’, as agonize, apologize, botanize, sympathize, theorize, etc.

3.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs with the sense ‘bring or come into some specified state’, as authorize, extemporize, fertilize, fossilize, jeopardize, moralize, pedestrianize, temporize, etc.

4.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs from ethnic adjectives with the sense ‘make or become like the country, people, language, etc. in character, naturalize as’, as Americanize, anglicize, gallicize, Latinize, Russianize, etc.

5.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs from personal names, with the sense ‘treat or act like or according to the method of’, as bowdlerize, galvanize, mesmerize, etc.

6.Forming trans. verbs from names of substances, with the sense ‘impregnate, treat, combine, affect, or influence with’, as alkalize, carbonize, oxidize, etc.

-ize ⇒ Main Entry: Z, z

-ize

suffix added to adjectives and nouns to form verbs.

make _____: Legalize = make legal. Apologize = make an apology.

become _____: Crystallize = become crystal.

engage in or use _____: Criticize = engage in criticism.

treat or combine with _____: Oxidize = combine with oxygen.

other meanings, as in alphabetize, colonize, criticize, memorize.

Also, -ise.

[< French -iser (< Latin -izāre), or < Latin (< Greek -ízein), or directly < Greek]

Usage-ize, -ise. American usage favors the spelling -ize for the suffix in words like apologize, characterize, realize, revolutionize, visualize, where British usage often calls for -ise. A number of words which end in the sound of -yz, however, do not include the suffix and do not have variant spellings. For instance, chastise, devise, exercise, supervise, and surmise are spelled only one way in American and British spelling.

-ize
\ˌīz sometimes, as in “baptize”, |īz\ verb suffix
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Usage: see -ize
Etymology: Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein
1.
a.
  (1) : to cause to be or become or conform to or be like or resemble (something specified)
   < systemize >
   < americanize >
   < liquidize >
   : cause to be formed into
   < unionize >
   < diphthongize >
  (2) : to subject to action by or treatment of (something specified)
   < criticize >
   : subject to a (specified) action
   < plagiarize >
  (3) : to cause to have or appear to have some (specified) quality
   < rationalize >
   : act upon in such a way as to produce a (specified) result in
   < brutalize >
   < commercialize >
  (4) : to impregnate or treat or combine with (something specified)
   < albuminize >
   < hydrogenize >
  (5) : to adapt to (something specified) : modify by means of
   < avianize >
b. : to make (a specified thing) of : treat like
  < idolize >
  < lionize >
c. : to treat in the manner of or according to the method or process of (a specified individual)
  < bowdlerize >
  < mesmerize >
2.
a. : to become or become like (something specified)
  < crystallize >
b. : to be productive in or of (something specified)
  < theorize >
: engage in or carry on a (specified) activity
  < botanize >
  < philosophize >
  < attitudinize >
  < concertize >
c. : to follow after someone or something (specified) : to adopt or spread the manner of activity or the outlook or teaching of someone
  < calvinize >

-ize
-ise (non-Oxford British spelling)

Suffix

Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives, the verbs having the sense of "to make what is denoted by the noun/adjective".

Etymology

From Middle English -isen (“-ise, -ize”), from Old French -iser (“-ize”), from Latin -izāre (“-ize”), from Ancient Greek -ίζειν (-ízein), from Proto-Indo-European *-idyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Gothic -𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (-itjan, verbal suffix), Old High German -izzen (verbal suffix), Old English -ettan (verbal suffix). Also see notes.

Usage notes

The suffix -ize has historically been used on words originating from Greek. -ise was used, especially as -vise, -tise, -cise, and -prise, on words that come from various roots (usually via French). In the 19th century, it became common in the United Kingdom (due to French influence) to use -ise also on words that had historically been spelled -ize. -ise is also common in Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. -ize remains, however, the spelling used by the influential Oxford University Press; it has also always been the spelling used in the United States and Canada.

Derived terms

English words suffixed with -ize

-izer, -ization

后缀：-ize [动词后缀]

表示“...化”、照...样子做、按...方式处理，变成...状态，使成为...，与名词后缀-ization相对应

modernize （使）现代化

industrialize （使）工业化

mechanize （使）机械化

normalize （使）正常化

organize 组织

realize 实现

economize 节约，节省

centralize （使）集中

popularize 使普通，推广

revolutionize （使）革命化

词根词缀：-ize

【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; to act in a certain way; to treat in a certain way; to make into; to treat with; to do; to make; to cause

【相关描述】These word entries are just a small listing of the many words that exist with the -ize endings; so, be aware that there are many more words with this suffix which exist in this lexicon.

Another closely related suffix family with the same meanings, but a different spelling, is located at this -ise unit.

【同源单词】acidize, adrenalectomize, aestheticize, aggrandize, agonize, albumenize

词汇	-ize
词根词缀	AHD Collins Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary Prefixsuffix.com SOED WBD Webster Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots -ize 或 -ise suff.（后缀） To cause to be or to become: 使成为，使变成： dramatize. 戏剧化 To cause to conform to or resemble: 使…一致，使…相像： Hellenize. 使希腊化 To treat as: 当作…对待： idolize. 偶像崇拜 To treat or affect with: 对待或影响…： anesthetize. 施以麻醉 To subject to: 使服从： tyrannize. 压制 To treat according to or practice the method of: 根据…对待或实施办法： pasteurize. 施行巴氏消毒 To become; become like: 成为；变得象： materialize. 具体化 To perform, engage in, or produce: 完成，从事于，生产： botanize. 采集植物语源 Middle English -isen 中古英语 -isen from Old French -iser 源自古法语 -iser from Late Latin -izāre 源自后期拉丁语 -izāre from Greek -izein [v. suff.] 源自希腊语 -izein [动词后缀] 用法 The suffix-ize is a productive means of turning nouns or adjectives into verbs, as in well-established forms such asformalize, criticize, jeopardize, and hospitalize. But the semantic versatility of the suffix can cause ambiguity,since the nature of the activity denoted by a verb formed in this way often depends on the context.Thuscomputerize may mean “to furnish with computers,” as inThe entire office has been computerized, or “to enter on a computer,”as inThe records are not yet computerized. And the sentenceEarthquake relief requirements must be prioritized may mean that all relief requirements must be assigned a high priority or that the relative priority among requirements must be determined.The meanings of verbs such as these may be obscure to people who lack the relevant background informationand will naturally tend to regard them as jargon.This is one reason that so many words formed with-ize met with critical resistance when they were first introduced, among them beingAmericanize, nationalize, and jeopardize, all of which are now acceptable. Although some recent words of this type are unobjectionable,for example,computerize, institutionalize, and radicalize, many others are associated with bureaucratic and corporate jargon,for example,accessorize, incentivize, prioritize, privatize, and in particularfinalize, which despite its wide usagewas judged unacceptable by 71 percent of the Usage Panel.Coinages of this sort should be used with caution until they have passed the tests of manifest utility and acceptance by reputable writers.See Usage Note at finalize ,prioritize 后缀-ize 在把名词或形容词转化为动词时具有多种含义，例如在固定结构中像“使定形，批评，使面临险境” 和 “送入医院” 等。但是由于这个后缀在语义上的转换经常会模棱两可，所以用这种方式表示动词的形容词意思要根据上下文才能确定。因此computerize 可以意指为“计算机配备”，例如在句子“整个办公室都配备了计算机” 中，也可指“输入计算机”象在句子“记录还没有被输入计算机” 中。句子“地震救援物质必须被排定优先秩序” 可以表示为所有的物质必须被提到紧急的秩序地位，也可以指物品之间的优先排定秩序必须被确定。象这些动词的意思对那些缺乏相关背景信息的人一定是很模糊的，很自然就会认为是专业术语。这就是为什么这么多由-ize 构成的词语一经介绍使用就会遇到批评阻力的原因之一，只有象“美国化”，“国民化” 和 “使面临险境” 现在被接受。尽管这类词有许多不是不合适，像“使计算机化”，“使成公共团体，使制度化” 和 “使激进，使偏激” ，还有一些词和官僚的或社团团体的专业术语有关，像“使共犯”，“使产生刺激”，“使排定秩序”，“私人化” 特别是“使终结” ，虽然这些词语用途广泛，但用法专题小组中有71%的成员认为这些用法不能接受。这种类型的创新字必须要等到他们通过了对其用法明确性的考验，并要被有声望的作家接受后才能被谨慎地使用参见 finalize,prioritize -ize or -ise suffix forming verbs to cause to become, resemble, or agree with ⇒ legalize to become; change into ⇒ crystallize to affect in a specified way; subject to ⇒ hypnotize to act according to some practice, principle, policy, etc ⇒ economize In Britain and the US -ize is the preferred ending for many verbs, but -ise is equally acceptable in British English. Certain words (chiefly those not formed by adding the suffix to an existing word) are, however, always spelt with -ise in both Britain and the US: advertise, revise Origin from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izāre, from Greek -izein -ize Word Origin 1 a verb-forming suffix occurring originally in loanwords from Greek that have entered English through Latin or French (baptize; barbarize; catechize); within English, -ize, is added to adjectives and nouns to form transitive verbs with the general senses “to render, make” (actualize; fossilize; sterilize; Americanize), “to convert into, give a specified character or form to” (computerize; dramatize; itemize; motorize), “to subject to (as a process, sometimes named after its originator)” (hospitalize; terrorize; galvanize; oxidize; simonize; winterize). Also formed with -ize, are a more heterogeneous group of verbs, usually intransitive, denoting a change of state (crystallize), kinds or instances of behavior (apologize; moralize; tyrannize), or activities (economize; philosophize; theorize). Also, especially British, -ise¹. Compare -ism, -ist, -ization. Origin < Late Latin -izāre < Greek -izein; replacing Middle English -isen < Old French -iser < Late Latin, as above Usage note The suffix -ize has been in common use since the late 16th century; it is one of the most productive suffixes in the language, and scores of words ending in -ize are in daily use. Some words ending in -ize have been widely disapproved in recent years, particularly finalize (first attested in the early 1920s) and prioritize (around 1970). Such words are most often criticized when they become, as did these two, vogue terms, suddenly heard and seen everywhere, especially in the context of advertising, commerce, education, or government—forces claimed by some to have a corrupting influence upon the language. The criticism has fairly effectively suppressed the use of finalize and prioritize in belletristic writing, but the words are fully standard and occur regularly in all varieties of speech and writing, especially the more formal types. The British spelling, -ise, is becoming less common in British English, especially in technical or formal writing, chiefly because some influential British publishers advocate or have adopted the American form -ize. Related Words -ise -ist barbarize finalize prioritize -ism -ize→ -ise¹. -ize verb suffix ETYMOLOGY Middle French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein 1. a. (1) cause to be or conform to or resemble systemize Americanize : cause to be formed into unionize (2) subject to a (specified) action plagiarize (3) impregnate or treat or combine with aluminize b. treat like idolize c. treat according to the method of bowdlerize 2. a. become : become like crystallize b. be productive in or of hypothesize : engage in a (specified) activity philosophize c. adopt or spread the manner of activity or the teaching of Platonize Usage. The suffix -ize has been productive in English since the time of Thomas Nashe (1567-1601), who claimed credit for introducing it into English to remedy the surplus of monosyllabic words. Almost any noun or adjective can be made into a verb by adding -ize hospitalize familiarize many technical terms are coined this way oxidize as well as verbs of ethnic derivation Americanize and verbs derived from proper names bowdlerize mesmerize Nashe noted in 1591 that his -ize coinages were being criticized, and to this day new words ending in -ize finalize prioritize are sure to draw critical fire. -ize /aɪz/ （亦作-ise） suffix forming verbs meaning 构成动词, 表示： 1. make or become 使成为; 使形成： fossilize privatize. ■ cause to resemble 使…化： Americanize. 2. treat in a specified way 作…处理： pasteurize ■ treat or cause to combine with a specified substance 使与…结合, 使渗透： carbonize oxidize. 3. follow a specified practice 进行, 按…行事： agonize theorize. ■ subject to a practice 服从于, 受…支配： hospitalize. USAGE1 The form -ize has been in use in English since the 16th century; although it is widely used in American English, it is not an Americanism. The alternative spelling -ise （reflecting a French influence） is in common use, especially in British English. It is obligatory in certain cases： first, where it forms part of a larger word element, such as -mise （= sending） in compromise, and -prise （= taking） in surprise; and second, in verbs corresponding to nouns with -s-in the stem, such as advertise and televise. 2 Adding -ize to a noun or adjective has been a standard way of forming new verbs for centuries, and verbs such as characterize, terrorize, and sterilize were all formed in this way hundreds of years ago. For some reason, people object to recent formations of this type： during the 20th century, there have been objections raised against prioritize, finalize, and hospitalize, among others. There doesn't seem to be any coherent reason for this, except that verbs formed from nouns tend, inexplicably, to be criticized as vulgar formations. Despite objections, it is clear that -ize forms are an accepted part of the standard language. 派生词 -ization suffix forming corresponding nouns 构成相应的名词 -izer suffix forming agent nouns 构成施事名词。词源 from French -iser, via late Latin -izare from Greek verbs ending in -izein. -ize(also written -ise),suffix forming vbs. = F. -ise-r, It. -izare, Sp. -izar, ad. late L. -izāre, -īzāre, f. Gr. -ίζειν, formative derivative of vbs.The Greek verbs were partly intrans., as βαρβαρίζειν to play the barbarian, act or speak as a barbarian, side with the barbarians, τυραννίζειν to side with the tyrants, partly trans. as καθαρίζειν to purify, clean, θήσαυρίζειν to treasure up. Those formed on national, sectarian, or personal names were primarily intransitive, as ἀττικίζειν to Atticize in manners, to speak Attic, ϕιλιππίζειν to act or speak for Philip, to philippize, Ἑλληνίζειν to ‘do’ the Greek, act as a Greek, speak Greek, Hellenize; also, to make Greek. A few words of this form connected with or used in early Christianity, were latinized already in the 3rd or 4th c. by Christian writers: such were βαπτίζειν baptizāre, εὐαγγελίζειν euangelizāre, κατηχίζειν catechizāre, σκανδαλίζειν scandalizāre, ἀναθηµατίζειν anathēmatizāre, χριστιανίζειν christiānizāre, ἰουδαίζειν iūdaizāre. Others continued to be formed both in ecclesiastical and philosophical use, e.g. canōnizāre, dæmonizāre, syllogizāre (Boethius Aristot. Anal.); and this became established as the normal form for the latinizing of Greek verbs, or the formation of verbs upon Greek analogies. In med.L. and the mod. langs. these have been formed also on L. or modern national names, and the use has been extended to the formation of verbs from L. adjs. or ns. This practice prob. began first in French; in mod.F. the suffix has become -iser, alike in words from Greek, as baptiser, évangéliser, organiser, and those formed after them from L., as civiliser, cicatriser, humaniser. Hence, some have used the spelling -ise in Eng., as in French, for all these words, and some prefer -ise in words formed in French or Eng. from L. elements, retaining -ize for those of Gr. composition. But the suffix itself, whatever the element to which it is added, is in its origin the Gr. -ιζειν, L. -izāre; and, as the pronunciation is also with z, there is no reason why in English the special French spelling should be followed, in opposition to that which is at once etymological and phonetic. In this Dictionary the termination is uniformly written -ize. (In the Gr. -ιζ-, the i was short, so originally in L., but the double consonant z (= dz, ts) made the syllable long; when the z became a simple consonant, \|-idz\| became īz, whence Eng. \|-aɪz\|.)In current English the following groups may be noted:1. Words that have come down from Greek, or have been at some time adopted from Greek, or formed on Greek elements; a. with the trans. sense of ‘make or conform to, or treat in the way of, the thing expressed by the derivation’, as baptize (prob. the earliest -ize word in Eng.), anathematize, anatomize, apostrophize, canonize, catechize, cauterize, characterize, christianize, crystallize, diphthongize, harmonize, idolize, monopolize, organize, phlebotomize, stigmatize, symbolize, systematize, tantalize; b. with the intrans. sense ‘to act some person or character, do or follow some practice’, as agonize, apologize, apostatize, botanize, dogmatize, geologize, philosophize, syllogize, sympathize, theorize.2. Words formed (in Fr. or Eng.) on Latin adjs. and ns. (esp. on derivative adjs. in -al, -ar, -an, etc.), mostly with the trans. sense ‘to make (that which is expressed by the derivation)’, as actualize, authorize, brutalize, civilize, colonize, consonantize, devocalize, eternize, etherealize, familiarize, fertilize, formalize, fossilize, humanize, immortalize, legalize, memorize, nationalize, naturalize, neutralize, patronize, pulverize, realize, satirize, scrutinize, secularize, signalize, solemnize, spiritualize, sterilize, terrorize, vocalize; trans. or intrans., as cicatrize, extemporize, moralize, particularize; less frequently only intrans., as temporize.3. Words from later sources, as bastardize, foreignize, jeopardize, villanize, womanize trans., gormandize, and such nonce-words as cricketize, pedestrianize, tandemize, intr.4. Words formed on ethnic adjs., and the like, chiefly trans. but sometimes intrans., as Americanize, Anglicize, Gallicize, Germanize, Latinize, Romanize, Russianize.5. Words formed on names of persons, sometimes with the intrans. Greek sense of ‘to act like, or in accordance with’, as in Calvinize, Coryatize, but usually in the trans. sense of ‘to treat like, or after the method of, or according to the (chemical or other) process of’; as in Boucherize, Bowdlerize, Burnettize, galvanize, Grangerize, macadamize, mesmerize, Rumfordize; with many technical and commercial terms, and nonce-words such as Gladstonize, Irvingize, Joe Millerize, Merry-Andrewize, without limit.6. From names of substances, chemical and other; in the trans. sense of ‘to charge, impregnate, treat, affect, or influence with’; as alcoholize, alkalize, carbonize, de-oxidize, hydrogenize, oxidize, ozonize, silverize, etc.; so in nonce-words, as Londonize to make like London, etc.Verbs in -ize have the usual derivative adjs. and ns., as ppl. adj. in -ed (often more used than the vb.) as ‘sensitized paper’; ppl. adj. in -ing, chiefly from the intrans. use, as ‘Judaizing Christians’, ‘a philosophizing writer’; vbl. n. in -ing, as ‘the Bowdlerizing of Shakespeare’; agent-noun in -izer (sometimes coexistent with a formation on the Greek type in -ist), as colonizer (colonist); noun of action in -ization (sometimes coexistent with one from Gr. in -ism), as civilization, organization (organism).The following are illustrations of some of the recent uses of the suffix:1591Nashe Introd. Sidney's Astr. & Stella in P. Penilesse (Shaks. Soc.) p. xxx, Reprehenders, that complain of my boystrous compound wordes, and ending my Italionate coyned verbes all in ize.1611Florio, Inpetrarcato, Petrarchized.1618J. Taylor (Water P.) Journ. Scotl., I haue a smacke of Coriatizing.1682D'Urfey Butler's Ghost II. 177 Ralpho..takes the Tongs..and snaps him by the Nose..surpriz'd, To be thus rudely dunstaniz'd.1796Coleridge Lett. I. 209 We might Rumfordize one of the chimneys.1833Blackw. Mag. XXXIV. 533 It is a taste that, to coin a word, insignificantizes everything—unpoetizes nature.1840New Monthly Mag. LIX. 492 Tandemizing, cricketizing, boatizing, et omne quod exit in izing, is not to be carried on without a considerable expenditure.1858Sat. Rev. V. 264/2 He has no fear of Tower-Hamletizing the land.Ibid. VI. 203/2 To Perkin-Warbeckize a pretender is the best, because not the most spirited, policy.1861T. L. Peacock Gryll Gr. viii, Arch-quacks have taken to merry⁓andrewizing in a new arena.1866Sat. Rev. 10 Nov. (L.), If a man..is funny, and succeeds in Joe-Millerizing history, he pleases somebody or other.1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 164 Of the first class [Preservation of Timber] the three best known processes are: (a) Burnetising, (b) Kyanising, and (c) Boucherising.1881Mahaffy in Academy 23 Apr. 295 She does not Irvingise Shylock.1885J. C. Jeaffreson Real Shelley II. 192 The troop of nakedized children rushed downstairs.1894Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 7/3 These instruments, before they are used, should always be strictly anti-septicized.1897A. Lang in Blackw. Mag. Feb. 187 To do this is not to Celticise but to Macphersonise.1897Westm. Gaz. 28 July 6/1 The word ‘Klondykised’ has been coined to express the conditions of persons who have caught the mania [for seeking gold at Klondyke]... The effect has been to ‘Klondykise’ nearly all the people of the town.1898L. A. Tollemache Talks w. Gladstone 114 note, It [the passage] is, as it were, Canning Gladstonized. -ize word-forming element used to make verbs, Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein. English picked up the French form, but partially reverted to the correct Greek -z- spelling from late 16c. In Britain, despite the opposition (at least formerly) of OED, Encyclopaedia Britannica, the "Times of London," and Fowler, -ise remains dominant. Fowler thinks this is to avoid the difficulty of remembering the short list of common words not from Greek which must be spelled with an -s- (such as advertise, devise, surprise). -ize [Verb] cause: fantasize -ize /ʌɪz/ suffix. Also -ise. ORIGIN: from or after French -iser (Italian -izzare, Spanish -izar) from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein. 1.Forming trans. verbs with the sense ‘make or treat in a specified way’, as anatomize, characterize, idolize, tantalize, etc. 2.Forming intrans. verbs with the sense ‘do in a specified way, follow a specified practice’, as agonize, apologize, botanize, sympathize, theorize, etc. 3.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs with the sense ‘bring or come into some specified state’, as authorize, extemporize, fertilize, fossilize, jeopardize, moralize, pedestrianize, temporize, etc. 4.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs from ethnic adjectives with the sense ‘make or become like the country, people, language, etc. in character, naturalize as’, as Americanize, anglicize, gallicize, Latinize, Russianize, etc. 5.Forming trans. and intrans. verbs from personal names, with the sense ‘treat or act like or according to the method of’, as bowdlerize, galvanize, mesmerize, etc. 6.Forming trans. verbs from names of substances, with the sense ‘impregnate, treat, combine, affect, or influence with’, as alkalize, carbonize, oxidize, etc. -ize ⇒ Main Entry: Z, z -ize suffix added to adjectives and nouns to form verbs. make _____: Legalize = make legal. Apologize = make an apology. become _____: Crystallize = become crystal. engage in or use _____: Criticize = engage in criticism. treat or combine with _____: Oxidize = combine with oxygen. other meanings, as in alphabetize, colonize, criticize, memorize. Also, -ise. [< French -iser (< Latin -izāre), or < Latin (< Greek -ízein), or directly < Greek] Usage-ize, -ise. American usage favors the spelling -ize for the suffix in words like apologize, characterize, realize, revolutionize, visualize, where British usage often calls for -ise. A number of words which end in the sound of -yz, however, do not include the suffix and do not have variant spellings. For instance, chastise, devise, exercise, supervise, and surmise are spelled only one way in American and British spelling. -ize \ˌīz sometimes, as in “baptize”, \|īz\ verb suffix (-ed/-ing/-s) Usage: see -ize Etymology: Middle English -isen, from Old French -iser, from Late Latin -izare, from Greek -izein 1. a. (1) : to cause to be or become or conform to or be like or resemble (something specified) < systemize > < americanize > < liquidize > : cause to be formed into < unionize > < diphthongize > (2) : to subject to action by or treatment of (something specified) < criticize > : subject to a (specified) action < plagiarize > (3) : to cause to have or appear to have some (specified) quality < rationalize > : act upon in such a way as to produce a (specified) result in < brutalize > < commercialize > (4) : to impregnate or treat or combine with (something specified) < albuminize > < hydrogenize > (5) : to adapt to (something specified) : modify by means of < avianize > b. : to make (a specified thing) of : treat like < idolize > < lionize > c. : to treat in the manner of or according to the method or process of (a specified individual) < bowdlerize > < mesmerize > 2. a. : to become or become like (something specified) < crystallize > b. : to be productive in or of (something specified) < theorize > : engage in or carry on a (specified) activity < botanize > < philosophize > < attitudinize > < concertize > c. : to follow after someone or something (specified) : to adopt or spread the manner of activity or the outlook or teaching of someone < calvinize > -ize -ise (non-Oxford British spelling) Suffix Used to form verbs from nouns or adjectives, the verbs having the sense of "to make what is denoted by the noun/adjective". Etymology From Middle English -isen (“-ise, -ize”), from Old French -iser (“-ize”), from Latin -izāre (“-ize”), from Ancient Greek -ίζειν (-ízein), from Proto-Indo-European -idyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Gothic -𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽* (-itjan, verbal suffix), Old High German -izzen (verbal suffix), Old English -ettan (verbal suffix). Also see notes. Usage notes The suffix -ize has historically been used on words originating from Greek. -ise was used, especially as -vise, -tise, -cise, and -prise, on words that come from various roots (usually via French). In the 19th century, it became common in the United Kingdom (due to French influence) to use -ise also on words that had historically been spelled -ize. -ise is also common in Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. -ize remains, however, the spelling used by the influential Oxford University Press; it has also always been the spelling used in the United States and Canada. Derived terms ► English words suffixed with -ize -izer, -ization 后缀：-ize [动词后缀] 表示“...化”、照...样子做、按...方式处理，变成...状态，使成为...，与名词后缀-ization相对应 modernize （使）现代化 industrialize （使）工业化 mechanize （使）机械化 normalize （使）正常化 organize 组织 realize 实现 economize 节约，节省 centralize （使）集中 popularize 使普通，推广 revolutionize （使）革命化词根词缀：-ize 【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; to act in a certain way; to treat in a certain way; to make into; to treat with; to do; to make; to cause 【相关描述】These word entries are just a small listing of the many words that exist with the -ize endings; so, be aware that there are many more words with this suffix which exist in this lexicon. Another closely related suffix family with the same meanings, but a different spelling, is located at this -ise unit. 【同源单词】acidize, adrenalectomize, aestheticize, aggrandize, agonize, albumenize
随便看	demono-, demon-, -demonic, -demon, -demonical, -demoniac, daemono-, -daemonic, -daemonical, -daemon, -daemoniac, -daemonia, -daemoniacally, -daimon, -daimonic demonology demonstra- demonstrable demonstrate demonstration demonstrative demonstrator demoralize demos demote demotic demotion demotivate Dempsey demulc- demulcent demur demure demurrage demurrer demy- demystify dem…- den

suffix forming verbs

Origin

-ize

Related Words

-ize-ise (non-Oxford British spelling)

Suffix

Etymology

Usage notes

Derived terms

后缀：-ize [动词后缀]

词根词缀：-ize

-ize
-ise (non-Oxford British spelling)