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词汇 -ant
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-ant
suff.（后缀）
    1. Performing, promoting, or causing a specified action:
      …的：进行，促进或引起某一特殊行动的：
      acceptant.
      接受的，易于接受的
    2. Being in a specified state or condition:
      …状态的，…情况的：处于某种状态或情况的：
      flippant.
      轻浮的，无礼的
    1. One that performs, promotes, or causes a specified action:
      进行…者，促进…者：进行、促进或引起某特殊行动的人或物：
      deodorant.
      防臭剂
    2. One that undergoes a specified action:
      担负…者：担负某特殊行动者：
      inhalant.
      吸入剂

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old French
    源自 古法语
  3. from Latin -āns -ant- [present participle suff. of verbs in] -āre
    源自 拉丁语 -āns -ant- [] -āre的动词现在分词后缀
-ant

suffix forming adjectives, suffix forming nouns

causing or performing an action or existing in a certain condition; the agent that performs an action
⇒ pleasant
⇒ claimant
⇒ deodorant
⇒ protestant
⇒ servant

Origin

from Latin -ant-, ending of present participles of the first conjugation

-ant

Word Origin
1
a suffix forming adjectives and nouns from verbs, occurring originally in French and Latin loanwords (pleasant; constant; servant) and productive in English on this model; -ant, has the general sense “characterized by or serving in the capacity of” that named by the stem (ascendant; pretendant), especially in the formation of nouns denoting human agents in legal actions or other formal procedures (tenant; defendant; applicant; contestant). In technical and commercial coinages, -ant, is a suffix of nouns denoting impersonal physical agents (propellant; lubricant; deodorant). In general, -ant, can be added only to bases of Latin origin, with a very few exceptions, as coolant.
See also -ent.
Origin
< Latin -ant-, present participle stem of verbs in -āre; in many words < French -ant < Latin -ant- or -ent- (see -ent); akin to Middle English, Old English -and-, -end-, present participle suffix

Related Words

  • -ance
  • agglutinant
  • bouffant
  • chatoyant
  • jessant
  • resemblant
-ant1. adjective suffix, originally participial, as in ascendant, pleasant.
2. noun suffix used in words of participial origin, denoting agency or instrumentality, as in servant, irritant. Compare -ent.
[French, from Latin -ant-, nominative -ans, present participle ending]
-ant
I
noun suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French, from -ant, present participle suffix, from Latin -ant-, -ans, present participle suffix of first conjugation, from -a- (stem vowel of first conjugation) + -nt-, -ns, present participle suffix; akin to Old English -nde, present participle suffix, Greek -nt-, -n, participle suffix
1.
  a. one that performs (a specified action) : personal or impersonal agent
      claimant
      coolant
  b. thing that promotes (a specified action or process)
      expectorant
2. one connected with
    annuitant
3. thing acted upon (in a specified manner)
    inhalant

II
adjective suffix
1. performing (a specified action) or being (in a specified condition)
    somnambulant
2. promoting (a specified action or process)
    expectorant
-ant
/ənt/  
suffix
1.
(forming adjectives) denoting attribution of an action or state
［构成形容词］表示“进行…动作的”, “处于…状态的”：

arrogant

pendant.

2.
(forming nouns) denoting an agent
［构成名词］表示“施行…作用者”：

deodorant

propellant.

词源
from French or Latin present participial verb stems （see also -ENT）.
▪ I.-ant1, suffixa. Fr. -ant, sometimes:—L. -entem, -āntem, -ēntem, ending of pres. pple. (see -ent); sometimes a later adaptation of -āntem only. All the participial forms were in OFr. levelled under -ant, the sole ending of the pr. pple., as L. amānt-, vidēnt-, sedēnt-, crēdent-em in Fr. amant, voyant, séant, croyant. But other words were subsequently adopted in their L. stem form, as prudent, présent, élégant. Hence Fr. words in -ant are of two kinds, one answering to L. -ānt, the other to L. -ent, -ēnt. All were adopted, in their actual Fr. forms, in Eng., where they subseq. became -ˈaunt; then again, with the change of stress, -ant, as L. affīdent-em, diffī-dent-em, plicānt-em, servient-em, tenēnt-em, OFr. afiant, defiant, pliant, serjeant, tenant, ME. afiˈa(u)nt, defiˈa(u)nt, pliˈa(u)nt, serjeˈaunt, teˈnaunt. Most of them retain -ant, e.g. claimant, pleasant, poursuivant, servant, suppliant, valiant; but since 1500 some have been refashioned with -ent after L., wholly (as apparaunt, -ent), or partly (as in pendant, -ent, dependant, -ent, ascendant, -ent). Hence, inconsistency and uncertainty in the present spelling of many words, in which L. and Fr. analogies are at variance: see -ent. Many new words of this class have been adopted from L. -āntem directly or through later Fr., or have been formed on L. analogies, or adopted from mod.Fr. and Romance -ant, -ante; as concomitant, protestant, commandant, anæsthesiant. For sense, see -ent.▪ II.-ant2for -and1, an assimilation of the northern Eng. to the Fr. form of the pres. pple., as in allwealdant, -ent. More commonly the converse took place, the native -and being substituted by northern writers for -ant, as in aboundand, sembland.▪ III.-ant3a corruption of -an from various sources, due to confusion and assimilation of final -an, -and, -ant, as in pagean(t, peasan(t, pheasan(t, truan(t, tyran(t. Cf. gyane, gyand, obs. forms of giant.
-ant
agent or instrumental suffix, from Old French and French -ant, from Latin -antem, accusative of -ans, present participle suffix of many Latin verbs.
☞ -ant, -ent
☞ -ant, -ent, -ient
1. suffix1 | 2. suffix2
 1 
-ant /(ə)nt/ suffix1.
ORIGIN: French, or its source Latin -ant- pres. ppl stem of verbs of the 1st conjugation, or -ent- (see -ent).
Forming adjectives denoting existence of action, as pendant, repentant, or state, as arrogant, expectant, and nouns denoting an agent, as assistant, celebrant, deodorant, usu. from verbs. Conflicting English, French, & Latin analogies have produced much inconsistency of use of -ant and -ent.
 2 
-ant /(ə)nt/ suffix2 (not productive).
ORIGIN: Alt. (in Old French & Anglo-Norman) of words in -an.
Forming nouns, as pheasant, tyrant, etc.
-ant ⇒ Main Entry: -ent
-ant
suffix added to verbs.
(to form adjectives) that _____s; _____ing: Buoyant = that buoys or buoying. Compliant = that complies or complying. Triumphant = that triumphs or triumphing.
(to form nouns) one that _____s: Assistant = one that assists.
See also -ent.
[< Old French -ant < Latin -āns, -antis and -ēns, -entis]
UsageSee -ance for usage note.
-ant
I. \ənt, ənt\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English, from Old French, from -ant, present participle suffix, from Latin -ant-, -ans, present participle suffix of first conjugation, from -a- (vowel of first conjugation) + -nt-, -ns, present participle suffix; akin to Old English -nde, present participle suffix, Old High German -nti, Old Norse -ndi, Gothic -nds, Greek -nt-, -n, present, future, & aor. participle suffix, Sanskrit -nt, present, future, & aor. active participle suffix
1.
 a. : one that performs (a specified action) : personal or impersonal agent
  < assistant >
  < claimant >
  < coolant >
  < deodorant >
  < resultant >
 b. : thing that promotes (a specified action or process)
  < expectorant >
2. : person or thing connected with
 < annuitant >
 < chemotherapeutant >
3. : thing that is acted upon (in a specified manner)
 < inhalant >
 < ingestant >
4. : thing that is used (for a specified purpose)
 < antifoggant >
II. adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old French, from -ant, present participle suffix
1. : performing (a specified action) or being (in a specified condition)
 < denudant >
 < propellant >
 < somnambulant >
2. : promoting (a specified action or process)
 < expectorant >

-ant

Suffix

  1. now sciences, chiefly medicine The agent noun derived from verb.
    serve → servant
  2. An adjective corresponding to a noun in -ance.
    defiance → defiant.
  3. uncommon An adjective derived from a verb.
    err → errant.

Etymology

From Middle English -ant, -aunt, partly from Old French -ant, from Latin -āns; and partly (in adjectival derivations) continuing Middle English -ant, a variant of -and, -end, from Old English -ende (present participle ending), see -and.

Usage notes

  • Many words in -ant were not actually coined in English and rather borrowed directly from Old French, Middle French or Modern French.

    • Related terms

  • -ance

    • Derived terms

    English words suffixed with -ant


    后缀：-ant ①[形容词后缀]

    大部分与-ance或-ancy，相对应，表示属于...的、具有...性质的

    expectant 期待的

    vigilant 警惕的

    luxuriant 奢华的

    attendant 在场的

    resistant 抵抗的

    determinant 决定性的

    assistant 辅助的

    repentant 后悔的

    buoyant 有浮力的

    accordant 和谐的，一致的

    ignorant 无知的

    abundant 丰富的

    reliant 依赖的

    后缀：-ant ②[名词后缀]

    1、表示人

    examinant 主考人

    insurant 被保险人

    inhabitant 居民

    accountant 核算者，会计

    occupant 占据者

    executant 执行者

    informant 提供消息者

    servant 仆人

    participant 参与者

    assistant 助手，助理

    registrant 管登记者

    discussant 参加讨论者

    accusant 控告者

    attendant 出席者

    disputant 争论者

    confidant 信任者，知已

    2、表示物

    coolant 冷却剂

    digestrant 消化剂

    excitant 兴奋剂

    stimulant 刺激物

    decolourant 脱色剂

    depressant 抑制剂

    dependant 依附物

    disinfectant 消毒剂
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    更新时间：2025/3/14 14:42:29