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词汇 -ous
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-ous
suff.（后缀）
  1. Possessing; full of; characterized by:
    表示“具有…的；多…的；以…为特点的”：
    joyous.
    快乐的
  2. Having a valence lower than that of a specified element in compounds or ions named with adjectives ending in-ic :
    表示“亚…的”：化合价比化合物或离子中本身形容词以-il 结尾的特定元素的化合价低的：
    ferrous.
    亚铁的，二价铁的

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old French -ous, -eus, -eux
    源自 古法语 -ous, -eus, -eux
  3. from Latin -ōsus
    源自 拉丁语 -ōsus
  4. -us [adj. suff]
    -us [形容词后缀]
-ous

suffix forming adjectives

having, full of, or characterized by
⇒ dangerous
⇒ spacious
⇒ languorous
(in chemistry) indicating that an element is chemically combined in the lower of two possible valency states
⇒ ferrous
⇒ stannous
Compare -ic (sense 2)

Origin

from Old French, from Latin -ōsus or -us, Greek -os, adj suffixes

-ous

Word Origin
1
a suffix forming adjectives that have the general sense “possessing, full of” a given quality (covetous; glorious; nervous; wondrous); -ous, and its variant -ious, have often been used to Anglicize Latin adjectives with terminations that cannot be directly adapted into English (atrocious; contiguous; garrulous; obvious; stupendous). As an adjective-forming suffix of neutral value, it regularly Anglicizes Greek and Latin adjectives derived without suffix from nouns and verbs; many such formations are productive combining forms in English, sometimes with a corresponding nominal combining form that has no suffix;
Compare -fer, -ferous; -phore, -phorous; -pter, -pterous; -vore, -vorous.
2
a suffix forming adjectival correspondents to the names of chemical elements; specialized, in opposition to like adjectives ending in -ic, to mean the lower of two possible valences (stannous chloride, SnCl2, and stannic chloride SnCl4).
Origin
Middle English < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin -ōsus; a doublet of -ose1

Related Words

  • bounteous
  • chivalrous
  • jeopardous
  • plenteous
  • seditious
  • splendiferous
-ous1. an adjective suffix meaning 'having', 'full of', 'given to', 'characterised by', 'of the nature of', 'like', etc., as in glorious, joyous, mucous, nervous, sonorous, wondrous.
2. Chemistry a suffix used to imply the lower of two possible valencies compared to the corresponding suffix -ic, as stannous chloride, SnCl2, and stannic chloride, SnCl4.
Also, -eous, -ious. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin -ōsus; often used to represent Latin -us (adjective), Greek -os (adjective); in a few words (e.g. wondrous) it is attached to English stems]
-ous
adjective suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French -us, -ous, from Latin -osus
1. full of : abounding in : having : possessing the qualities of
    clamorous
    poisonous
2. having a valence lower than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ic
    mercurous
-ous
/əs/  
suffix
forming adjectives ［构成形容词］
1.
characterized by; of the nature of
表示“有…特性的”, “有…性质的”：

dangerous

mountainous

2.
Chemistry denoting an element in a lower valency
【化】表示“亚…的”：

ferrous

sulphurous.

比较-IC.

派生词
-ously suffix

forming corresponding adverbs

［构成相应的副词］

-ousness suffix

forming corresponding nouns

［构成相应的名词］。

词源
from Anglo-Norman French， or Old French -eus, from Latin -osus.
-ous, suffixrepr. L. -ōs-us (-a, -um), forming adjs., with the sense of ‘abounding in, full of, characterized by, of the nature of’, e.g. cōpi-ōs-us plentiful, copious, dolōr-ōs-us full of sorrow, dolorous, fām-ōs-us famous, gener-ōs-us distinguished by descent, generous, glōri-ōs-us full of glory, glorious, spīn-ōs-us full of thorns, thorny, spinous, visc-ōs-us of the nature of bird-lime, sticky, viscous, etc. Latin stressed long ō passed in OFr. into a closer sound, intermediate between ō and ū, which was variously written o or u, less commonly ou; hence L. adjs. in -ōsus, which either came down in popular use, or were adopted at an early date, had in OF. forms in -os, or -us (-ous), e.g. coveitos, -us, doleros, -us, envios, -us, glorios, -us, religios, -us. In the 13th c. the vowel-sound had changed to |ø| written eu, so that the suffix had now the form -eus (covoiteus, dolereus, envieus, glorieus, etc.); and this still later was written in the masc. -eux (convoiteux, envieux, glorieux, with fem. however in -euse), as still in modern F. In Anglo-Fr. and early ME. the forms were the same as in early OF. (coveitos, -us, envios, -us, glorios, -us), but the vowel was soon identified with OE. long ú, and like it written after 1300 ou (covetous, envious, glorious), the spelling ever since retained, though the sound has passed through |-uːs, -us, -ʊs| to |-ʌs, -əs|. This -ous, having thus become the form of the suffix in all words from Norman Fr., became the established type for all those of later introduction, whether adaptations of Fr. adjs. in -eus, -eux, or L. adjs. in -ōsus (but see -ose1), or new formations on the analogy of these, from Fr., L., or other elements.These new formations are numerous in the Romanic languages. In French they have been formed freely, not only from L. ns. which had no such derivative in ancient L., but also from French words themselves of L. origin, and from mediæval and modern words from divers sources. Many of these new formations have, in earlier or later times, passed (with change of -eux, etc., to -ous) from French into English. Such is the history, for example, of advantageous, adventurous, courageous, dangerous, gelatinous, grievous, gummous, hazardous, hideous, joyous, lecherous, matinous, mountainous, orguillous, pulpous, ravenous, riotous, slanderous. This process has been continued in Eng. itself, where new adjs. in -ous have been formed, not only on Latin, Greek, and Romanic bases, but also on native Eng. words and on some of obscure origin; e.g. blusterous, boisterous, burdenous, feverous, murderous, poisonous, slumberous, thunderous, timous, troublous, wondrous.In some words in late or med.L. the ending -ōsus was added to an adj., or at least a form in -ōsus is found beside the simple adjective, e.g. decōr-us, decorōs-us, dubi-us, dubiōs-us, in It. decoro, decoroso, dubbio, dubbioso. In the Romanic languages a few new forms of this kind appear; e.g. L. pi-us, F. pi-eux (as if from *piōs-us). But in English, this addition of the suffix has been greatly developed, and has become the ordinary mode of anglicizing L. adjs. of many kinds, esp. those in -eus, -ius, -uus, -er, -ris, -āx -āci, -ōx -ōci, -endus, -ulus, -vorus, -ōrus, e.g. aque-ous, igne-ous, extrane-ous, herbace-ous, consci-ous, obvi-ous, vari-ous, ardu-ous, exigu-ous, adulter-ous, aurifer-ous, armiger-ous, alacri-ous, hilari-ous, illustri-ous, capaci-ous, feroci-ous, stupend-ous, garrul-ous, omnivor-ous, sonor-ous.This tendency to represent a L. adj. by an Eng. form in -ous may have been strengthened by the fact that the ‘dictionary-form’ of the L. adj. is the nom. sing. masc., and that this in the majority of adjs. ends in -us, the Eng. pronunciation of which is the same as that of the Eng. word in -ous, so that the latter to the cursory observer appears to be merely an Eng. spelling of the L. It is evident however that igne-ous, for example, answers not only to L. igne-us, but to igne-a, igne-um, etc., and that the -ous is an additional element. And in comparing alacri-ous with alacer, hilari-ous with hilari-s, capaci-ous with capax, capāci-, the suffixal nature of the -ous is manifest.b. In some words, -ous is a corruption of another suffix, e.g. in righteous, wrongous, courteous, gorgeous; in others, as bounteous, a contraction of an earlier suffix has taken place before -ous: see -eous.c. In Chem., adjectives in -ous, formed on the names of elements, indicate acids and other compounds containing a larger proportion of the element in question than those expressed by an adj. in -ic: e.g. chlorous acid, sulphurous acid, cuprous oxide, ferrous salts, etc.: see -ic 1 b.d. Nouns of quality from adjs. in -ous (however derived), are regularly formed in -ousness, as covetousness, consciousness, gorgeousness, righteousness; those from L. -ōsus have sometimes forms in -osity, as curiosity, generosity, porosity, viscosity; but this termination more frequently accompanies adjs. in -ose1.
-ous
word-forming element making adjectives from nouns, meaning "having, full of, having to do with, doing, inclined to," from Old French -ous, -eux, from Latin -osus (compare -ose(1)). In chemistry, "having a lower valence than forms expressed in -ic."
☞ -ous, -eous, -ose, -ious
-ous /əs/ suffix.
ORIGIN: Old French -os, -us, -ous from Latin -osus. Cf. -ose1.
1.Forming adjectives from or after French or Latin, with the sense ‘having many or much, characterized by, of the nature of’, as dangerous, glorious, murderous, viscous, etc. Also forming adjectives in same sense from other Latin adjectives, esp. in -ax, -er, -ris, -us, as capacious, adulterous, ferocious, hilarious, arduous.
2.Chemistry. Forming adjectives denoting a lower valence or degree of oxidation than those ending in -ic, as cuprous, manganous.
-ous
suffix added to nouns to form adjectives.
having _____; having much _____; full of _____: Famous = having much fame. Joyous = full of joy.
characterized by _____: Zealous = characterized by zeal.
having the nature of _____: Murderous = having the nature of murder. Idolatrous = having the nature of an idolater.
of or having to do with _____: Monogamous = having to do with monogamy.
like _____: Thunderous = like thunder.
committing or practicing _____: Bigamous = practicing bigamy.
inclined to _____: Blasphemous = inclined to blasphemy.
Chemistry. indicating the presence in a compound of the designated element in a lower valence than indicated by the suffix -ic. Stannous means containing tin in larger proportions than a corresponding stannic compound.
[< Old French -os, -us < Latin -ōsus. -ous is often used to represent the Latin adjective ending, -us, as in Latin omnivorus omnivorous, or the Greek adjective ending, -os, as in Greek anōnymos anonymous]
-ous
\əs\ adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, partly from Old French -ous, -os, -eus, -eux, from Latin -osus; partly from Latin -us (final portion of the nominative singular masculine form of adjectives such as fatuus foolish, fuscus brown
1. : full of : abounding in : having : possessing the qualities of
 < clamorous >
 < glamourous >
 < cystous >
 < lymphous >
2. : having a valence lower than in compounds or ions named with an adjective ending in -ic
 < ferrous iron >
 < sulfurous acid >
— compare -ite II
• -ous·ly

-ous
  • -ious
  • -atous

    • Suffix

    1. Used to form adjectives from nouns.
      bulbous from bulb
      courageous from courage
      joyous from joy
      poisonous from poison
      riotous from riot
    2. chemistry Used in chemical nomenclature to name chemical compounds in which a specified chemical element has a lower oxidation number than in the equivalent compound whose name ends in the suffix -ic. For example sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has more oxygen atoms per molecule than sulphurous acid (H2SO3). See Inorganic nomenclature.

    Etymology

    From Old French -ous and -eux, from Latin -ōsus (“full, full of”).

    Synonyms

  • -y

    • Derived terms

    English words suffixed with -ous


    Related terms

  • -osity
  • -ose

    • See also

  • -ness
  • -hood
  • -ship
  • -itas
  • -itude
  • -th
  • -ia
  • -itia
  • -ity
  • -ability
  • -ibility
  • -icity

    • 后缀：-ous [形容词后缀]

    表示有...性质的、属于...的、如...的、有...的、多...的

    dangerous 危险的

    courageous 勇敢的

    mountainous 多山的，如山的

    glorious 光荣的

    prosperous 繁荣的

    riotous 暴乱的

    mischievous 调皮的

    poisonous 有毒的

    advantageous 有利的

    continuous 继续不断的

    victorious 胜利的

    zealous 热心的，热情的

    famous 著名的

    vigorous 精力充沛的

    pompous 壮丽的

    disastrous 灾难性的
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    更新时间：2025/2/14 12:01:34