perturb
v.
late 14c., from Old French perturber "disturb, confuse" (14c.) and directly from Latin perturbare "to confuse, disorder, disturb," especially of states of the mind, from per- "through" (see per) + turbare "disturb, confuse," from turba "turmoil, crowd" (see turbid). Related: Perturbed; perturbing.
〔李〕[per-;turb] v.扰乱； 搅乱； 使混乱； 使不安 ←turb (L turba)=turmoil 喧嚷，吵闹