-ish
suff.（后缀）
语源
suff.（后缀）
- Of, relating to, or being:
…的；和…有关的：
Swedish.
瑞典的 - Characteristic of:
具有…特征的：
girlish.
女孩的 - Having the usually undesirable qualities of:
具有通常是不好的品质的：
childish.
孩子气的 - Approximately; somewhat:
大概地；有点：
greenish.
淡绿色 - Tending toward; preoccupied with:
趋向于…的；沉迷于…的：
selfish.
自私的
语源
- Middle English
中古英语 - from Old English -isc
源自 古英语 -isc
-ish
suffix forming adjectives
of or belonging to a nationality or group
⇒
Scottish
often derogatory. having the manner or qualities of; resembling
⇒
slavish
⇒
prudish
⇒
boyish
somewhat; approximately
⇒
yellowish
⇒
sevenish
concerned or preoccupied with
⇒
bookish
Origin
Old English -isc; related to German -isch, Greek -iskos-ish1
Word Origin
1
a suffix used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of “belonging to” (British; Danish; English; Spanish); “after the manner of,” “having the characteristics of,” “like” (babyish; girlish; mulish); “addicted to,” “inclined or tending to” (bookish; freakish); “near or about” (fiftyish; sevenish).
2
a suffix used to form adjectives from other adjectives, with the sense of “somewhat,” “rather” (oldish; reddish; sweetish).
Origin
Middle English; Old English -isc; cognate with German -isch, Gothic -isks, Greek -iskos; akin to -esque
-ish2
1
a suffix occurring in i -stem verbs borrowed from French:
ravish.
Origin
< French -iss-, extended stem of verbs with infinitives in -ir ≪ Latin -isc-, in inceptive verbs
Related Words
- Jewish
- airish
- amateurish
- Amish
- astonish
- baddish
-ishI.
1. a suffix used to form adjectives from nouns, with the sense of:
a. 'belonging to' (a people, country, etc.), as in British, Danish, English, Spanish.
b. 'after the manner of', 'having the characteristics of', 'like', as in babyish, girlish, mulish (such words being now often depreciatory).
c. 'addicted to', 'inclined or tending to', as in bookish, freakish.
d. about; approximately: ◆ 7.30-ish.
2. a suffix used to form adjectives from other adjectives, with the sense of 'somewhat', 'rather', as in oldish, reddish, sweetish.
[Middle English; Old English -isc, related to German -isch; distantly related to Greek -iskos; related to -esque]II.
a suffix of verbs of French origin, as cherish, finish, etc.
[French -iss-, extended stem of verbs in -ir, from Latin -isc-, in inceptive verbs]-ish
adjective suffix
Finnish
2.
a. characteristic of
boyish
Pollyannaish
b. inclined or liable to
bookish
qualmish
3.
a. having a touch or trace of
purplish
: somewhat
darkish
b. having the approximate age of
fortyish
adjective suffix
ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Old English -isc; akin to Old High German -isc, -ish, Greek -iskos, diminutive suffix
1. of, relating to, or being — chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic groupFinnish
2.
a. characteristic of
boyish
Pollyannaish
b. inclined or liable to
bookish
qualmish
3.
a. having a touch or trace of
purplish
: somewhat
darkish
b. having the approximate age of
fortyish
-ish2
suffix
- forming verbs such as abolish, establish构成动词（如：abolish, establish）。
词源
from French -iss- （from stems of verbs ending in -ir）, from Latin -isc- （suffix forming inceptive verbs）; compare with -ISH 1.
-ish1
suffix
forming adjectives ［构成形容词］
1.
- (from nouns) having the qualities or characteristics of（由名词衍生）表示“有…特征的”, “有…特点的”：
-
apish
girlish.
- ■ of the nationality of表示“…国家的”, “…民族的”：
-
Swedish.
2.
- (from adjectives) somewhat（由形容词衍生而成）表示“稍带…的”, “有…点儿的”：
-
yellowish.
- ■ informal denoting an approximate age or time of day〈非正式〉（年龄或时间）表示“大约…”, “…左右”, “…前后”：
-
sixish.
词源
Old English -isc, of Germanic origin; related to Old Norse -iskr, German and Dutch -isch, also to Greek -iskos （suffix forming diminutive nouns）.
1815 Hist. Mr. J. Decastro II. 243She might have an I-dont-know-howishness about her which no lady can run away from unless she runs one way.
1836 Dickens Sk. Boz (1837) II. 2A clean-cravatish formality of manner.
1845 Tennyson in Ld. TennysonMem. (1897) I. 227,I feel the least bit possible Miss Martineauish about it.
1883 ‘Annie Thomas’ Mod. Housewife 150The Micawberish prospect of anything turning up.
1887 Pall Mall G. 17 Oct. 3/1 A Heine-ish sneer at the tendency of the Eternal-Feminine to relax the tension of our ideals.
1894 Daily News 4 Jan. 4/7 Some huge pile of building, generally much more Queen Anne-ish than the houses of Queen Anne's own time.
1916 ‘Peter’ Trench Yarns ix. 110‘What time shall I come?’ ‘Elevenish,’ Sam replied.
1925 B. Travers Mischief xiv. 209,I shall be going to Shady Nook at about tenish.
1930 J. B. Priestley Angel Pavement iii. 106Eightish then, next Tuesday, eh?
1941 Britannia & Eve Sept. 15/3 Lady Regan was probably thirty. Sir Gerald looked fifty-five-ish.
1950 Sat. Rev. Lit. 28 Jan.,The ninetyish, gentle Chandler at the reception desk.
1955 E. Hyams Slaughterhouse Informer xiv. 220‘We'll make a party of it.’ ‘Sixish?’
1967 B. Norman Matter of Mandrake xx. 174Will you be in your room about sevenish?
1971 P. Purser Holy Father's Navy iii. 19Thirtyish furniture in pale, shabby wood.
1972 C. Fremlin Appointment with Yesterday iv. 24This anxious thirty-five-ish person.
-ish
adjectival suffix, from Old English -isc, common Germanic (cognates: Old Norse -iskr, German -isch, Gothic -isks), cognate with Greek diminutive suffix -iskos. Colloquially attached to hours to denote approximation, 1916.
-ish
[Adjective] having the character of:
[Adjective] having the character of:
newish
1
ORIGIN: Old English -isc corresp. to Gothic -isks , Old Norse -iskr , Old High German , Old Saxon , Old Frisian -isc , German , Dutch -isch , from Germanic : cogn. with Greek -iskos dim. suffix of nouns.
2
-ish
suffix forming adjectives from other adjectives and from nouns.
somewhat _____: Sweetish = somewhat sweet.
like a _____: Childish = like a child.
like that of a _____: Girlish = like that of a girl.
of or having to do with _____: English = of or having to do with England.
tending to _____; inclined to be a _____: Bookish = tending to books. Thievish = inclined to be a thief.
near, but usually somewhat past _____: Fortyish = near, but somewhat past, forty.
[Middle English -ish, -issh, -isch, Old English -isc]
-ish
\_ish, _ēsh\ adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -isc; akin to Old High German -isc, -isk -ish, Old Norse -skr, Gothic -isks -ish, Greek -iskos, diminutive noun suffix
1. : of or belonging to — chiefly in adjectives indicating nationality or ethnic group
< Finnish >
< Gaulish >
< Turkish >
2.
a. : characteristic or typical of
< boyish >
< Londonish >
: having the undersirable qualities of
< amateurish >
< mulish >
b. : inclined or liable to
< bookish >
< qualmish >
< mopish >
c.
(1) : having a touch or trace of
< summerish >
: somewhat
< purplish >
< latish >
(2) : having the approximate age of
< fortyish >
(3) : being or occurring at the approximate time of — especially in words formed from numerals indicating an hour of the day or night
< fiveish >
< eightish >
1.
< Finnish >
< Gaulish >
< Turkish >
2.
a.
< boyish >
< Londonish >
: having the undersirable qualities of
< amateurish >
< mulish >
b.
< bookish >
< qualmish >
< mopish >
c.
(1)
< summerish >
: somewhat
< purplish >
< latish >
(2)
< fortyish >
(3)
< fiveish >
< eightish >
-ish
Suffix
- appended to many kinds of words Typical or similar to.
- Her face had a girlish charm.
1859, Harriet Parr (as Holme Lee), Against Wind and Tide, volume 1, p. 273:- […]; for she had recently developed a magpie[-]ish tendency to appropriate and conceal trifling matters; […]
- appended to adjectives Somewhat.
- Her face had a greenish tinge.
1935, George Goodchild, chapter 5, in Death on the Centre Court:- By one o'clock the place was choc-a-bloc. […] The restaurant was packed, and the promenade between the two main courts and the subsidiary courts was thronged with healthy-looking youngish people, drawn to the Mecca of tennis from all parts of the country.
- appended to numbers, especially times and ages About, approximately.
- We arrived at tennish;
We arrived tennish. (Sometime around ten.) - I couldn't tell his precise age, but he was fiftyish.
- We arrived at tennish;
- appended to roots denoting names of nations or regions Of a nationality, place, language or similar association with something.
- British, Cornish, Danish, English, Finnish, Irish, Jewish, Kentish, Scottish, Spanish, Swedish etc.
Etymology
From Middle English -ish, -isch, from Old English -isc (“-ish”, suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz (“-ish”), from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos. Cognate with Dutch -s, German -isch (whence Dutch -isch), Norwegian, Danish and Swedish -isk, Lithuanian -iškas, and Ancient Greek diminutive suffix -ισκος (-iskos).
Derived terms
English words suffixed with -ish
后缀：-ish ①[形容词后缀]
1、加在名词之后，表示如...的、似...的、有...性质的
childish 如小孩的
girlish 如小女的
womanish 女子气的
devilish 魔鬼似的
boyish 如男孩的
moonish 似月亮的
hellish 地狱似的
bookish 书生气的
foolish 愚蠢的，笨的
piggish 猪一样的
wolfish 狼似的
monkish 似僧的
slavish 奴隶般的
youngish 还年轻的
2、加在形容词之后，表示含有某种程序的、略...的、稍...的
coldish 略寒的，稍冷的
warmish 稍暖的
oldish 略老的，稍旧的
tallish 略高的
sweetish 略甜的
wettish 略湿的
greenish 略带绿色的
yellowish 微黄的
longish 略长的，稍长的
fattish 稍胖的
slowish 稍慢的
2、表示某国的或某民族的、兼表某国的语言
English 英国的，英语
Swedish 瑞典的，瑞典语
Spanish 西班牙的，西班牙语
Polish 波兰的，波兰语
Irish 爱尔兰的，爱尔兰语
Finnish 芬兰的，芬兰语
Turkish 土耳其的，土耳其语
Danish 丹麦的，丹麦语
②[动词后缀]
表示做...、致使...、造成...、成为...
nourish 滋养，养育
establish 设立，建造
flourish 繁荣，兴旺
improverish 使穷困
diminish 使缩小，变小
vanish 消逝
publish 公布
finish 结束
词根词缀：-ish
【来源及含义】Old English: a suffix meaning, characteristic of, like, tending to; of or relating to, from; somewhat, approximately; or a verb ending
【相关描述】A suffix used to form adjectives from nouns and from adjectives. It refers to "relation, resemblance, similarity", and sometimes has a diminutive force; such as, "selfish, boyish, brutish; whitish, somewhat white".
A verb ending, originally appearing in certain verbs of French origin; such as, "abolish, cherish, finish, furnish, garnish", and "impoverish".
【同源单词】abolish, accomplish, acutish, admonish, anguish, anguish