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词汇 grindstone
词根词缀
Online Etymology Dictionary

grindstone
n.
early 13c. "millstone," from grind, v. in sense of "sharpen" + stone, n.; meaning "revolving stone disc used for sharpening, etc." is from c.1400. Phrase nose to the grindstone in use by 1530s; originally to get control of another and treat him harshly:
This Text holdeth their noses so hard to the grindstone, that it clean disfigureth their Faces. [John Frith, "Mirror to know Thyself," 1532]
The main modern (reflexive) sense of "work hard" is from 1828.
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