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词汇 mal-
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mal-
pref.（前缀）
  1. Bad; badly:
    坏的；不良地：
    maladminister.
    管理不善
  2. Abnormal; abnormally:
    不正常地、异常地：
    malformation.
    畸形

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old French
    源自 古法语
  3. from Latin
    源自 拉丁语
  4. from male [badly]
    源自 male [不良地]
  5. malus [bad] * see mel- 3
    malus [坏的] *参见 mel- 3
mal-

combining form

bad or badly; wrong or wrongly; imperfect or defective
⇒ maladjusted
⇒ malfunction

Origin

Old French, from Latin malus bad, male badly

mal-

Word Origin
1
a combining form meaning “bad,” “wrongful,” “ill,” occurring originally in loanwords from French (malapert); on this model, used in the formation of other words (malfunction; malcontent).
Compare male-.
Origin
Middle English < Old French, representing mal adv. (< Latin male badly, ill) and adj. (< Latin malus bad)

Related Words

  • malabsorption
  • malacology
  • maladapted
  • maladaptive
  • maladjusted
  • maladjustment
mal-a prefix having attributive relation to the second element, meaning 'bad', 'wrongful', 'ill', as in maladjustment, malpractice.
[French, representing mal (adverb) (from Latin male badly, ill), or mal (adjective) (from Latin malus bad)]
mal-
combining form
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French, from mal bad (from Latin malus) & mal badly, from Latin male, from malus
1.
  a. bad
      malpractice
  b. badly
      malodorous
2.
  a. abnormal
      malformation
  b. abnormally
      malformed
3.
  a. inadequate
      maladjustment
  b. inadequately
      malnourished
mal-
/mæl/  
combining form
1.
in an unpleasant degree
表示“坏”, “恶”, “不良”：

malodorous.

2.
in a faulty manner
表示“有缺点的”, “有故障的”：

malfunction.

■  in an improper manner
表示“不合适的”, “不正常的”：

malpractice.

■  in an inadequate manner
表示“不充分的”, “不足的”：

malnourishment.

3.
not
表示“不”：

maladroit.

词源
from French mal, from Latin male 'badly'.
mal-, prefix|mæl|formerly often written male- (but pronounced as one syll.), chiefly represents the F. mal adv.:—L. male ill, badly; rarely, as in maltalent, it represents the OF. mal adj.:—L. malus bad. In its advb. use the prefix occurs in many adoptions from Fr., which are sometimes combinations with vbs., as maltreat; sometimes nouns of action formed from such combinations, as malfeasance; and sometimes combinations with adjs., where the prefix serves to reverse the favourable connotation of the word, as maladroit, malcontent. In imitation of these adopted words, mal- has from the 16th c. been prefixed to many Eng. words, to convey the sense ‘ill’, ‘wrong’, ‘improper(ly)’. The words thus modified are chiefly nouns of action, as in malpractice, and many physiological terms, as malassimilation, malformation; occasionally adjs. and vbs., as in malodorous, malappropriate. The formations that have a permanent character are treated in their alphabetical places; examples of the frequent use of the prefix in the creation of nonce-words are mal-accident, mal-application, mal-appointment, mal-association, mal-cultivation, mal-development, mal-direction, mal-feeling, mal-hygiene, mal-identification, mal-institution, mal-instruction, mal-operation, mal-performance, mal-publication, mal-reasoning, mal-use, mal-volition; mal-conceited, mal-created, mal-discontented, mal-shapen adjs.1608H. Clapham Errour on Left Hand 29 Master Malcontent, me thinks you are malconceited.1692Rhode Island Col. Rec. (1858) III. 288 Some male-discontented persons.1714J. Fortescue-Aland Fortescue's Absol. & Lim. Mon. Pref. 13 It is owing to Passion and Interest, and not to the Male-Institution of the Law.1715M. Davies Athen. Brit. I. 10 The Expression and Malepublication of the respective criminal Contents of such Scandalous Libels.1799R. Warner Walk (1800) 6 There are no limits to the vicious conceptions, malassociations, and wild incongruities of false taste.1803Spirit Pub. Jrnls. VII. 22 If, however, it so happens that either mal-accident or your own discretion..has prevented [etc.].1808E. S. Barrett Miss-led General 125 These malappointments took place..when the army had ceased to be a matter of mere parade.1822E. Nathan Langreath I. 81 This maloperation of the affections..may be best prevented..by that wholesome species of dissipation.1824Examiner 423/2 A man I never saw, and therefore could have no malfeeling towards.1839Blackw. Mag. XLV. 812 Fearful gropings to imitate what they render malcreated and hideous.1840Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 94 The question often is, what is least prejudicial to the intellect, uncultivation or malcultivation.1841Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) VI. 161 That mal-reasoning which makes men expect [etc.].1843Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. i. 192 The abuse, however, or rather mal-use, of an article is no argument against it.a1849Poe Wks. 1864 III. 369 The heart is stirred, and the mind does not lament its mal-instruction.1855Miss Cobbe Intuit. Mor. 155 He proceeds..to guard against its malapplication by arguing that [etc.].1870O. W. Holmes Mechanism in Th. & Mor. in Old Vol. Life (1893) 305 So to rate the gravity of a mal-volition by its consequences is the merest sensational materialism.1887Harper's Mag. May 952 Beggars abound, hideously malshapen.1888T. Gill in Amer. Naturalist Oct. 926 Incredible as such a malidentification on the part of Pictet must appear.1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 614 Intensified and fostered by conditions of malhygiene.1899Ibid. VII. 116 The maldirection of movement is much increased when the aid of the sight is denied.Ibid. 732 The altered shapes of cells, regarded by Sachs as evidence of congenital maldevelopment.1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art xii. 283 It is the malperformance of the act which converts what is merely psychic (impression) into what is conscious (idea).1964M. Critchley Developmental Dyslexia ix. 60 Dyslexics show only a mild tendency towards a malperformance of higher order right-left orientation exercises.
mal-
word-forming element meaning "bad, badly, ill, poorly, wrong, wrongly," from French mal (adv.), from Old French mal (adj., adv.) "evil, ill, wrong, wrongly" (9c.), from Latin male (adv.) "badly," or malus (adj.) "bad, evil" (fem. mala, neuter malum), of unknown origin, perhaps related to Avestan mairiia "treacherous." Most Modern English words with this prefix are 19c. coinages.
mal- /mal/ prefix. Also male-†.
ORIGIN: French mal adverb from Latin male ill, badly, or (occas.) Old French mal adjective from Latin malus bad.
In senses ‘bad(ly), wrong(ly), improper(ly)’, as malformation, malodorous, malpractice, maltreat, and ‘not’, as maladroit, malcontent.
mal-
combining form. bad or badly; poor or poorly; unlawful; not _____: Malodorous = smelling bad. Maladjusted = badly adjusted. Malnutrition = poor nutrition. Malcontent = not content. Also, male-.
[< French mal- < mal, adverb (< Latin male badly), or adjective < Latin malus bad]
Mal.
Malachi (book of the Old Testament).
Malayan.
mal-
I. combining form
Etymology: Middle English, from Middle French mal, adjective, bad & mal, adverb, badly; Middle French mal bad, from Old French, from Latin malus; Middle French mal badly, from Old French, from Latin male, from malus bad — more at small
1.
 a. : bad : evil
  < malpractice >
 b. : badly : evilly
  < malodorous >
2.
 a. : irregular : abnormal
  < malformation >
 b. : irregularly : abnormally
  < malformed >
3.
 a. : poor : inadequate
  < maladjustment >
 b. : poorly : inadequately
  < malnourished >
II. combining form
or malo-
Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary, from malic (in malic acid)
: malic acid
 < malamide >
 < malonitrile >

mal-

Prefix

  1. bad, badly as in maladjusted, malcontent - faulty, faultily as in malfunction
  2. not

Etymology

From Old French mal- from the Latin adverb male, from malus.

Derived terms

English words prefixed with mal-


See also

  • mis-

    • 前缀：mal- 表示“坏, 恶”（亦作male）

    malcontent 不满的（mal+content满意的）

    malpractice 不法行为（mal+practice做事，实践→做坏事）

    malnutrition 营养不良（mal+nutrition营养）

    malediction 诅咒（male+dict说+ion→说坏话）

    malefaction 坏事，恶行（male+fact做+ion→做坏事）

    malodor 恶臭（mal+odor气味）

    maltreat 虐待（mal+treat对待）

    malapropism 字的误用（mala＋prop恰当+ism→[用字]不恰当；来自一喜剧中的Mrs.Malaprop,以用词错误闻名）

    malevolent 恶意的（male+vol意志+ent→坏意志）

    maladroit 笨拙的（mal+adroit灵巧的）

    前缀：mal- 恶、不良、失、不(亦作male-)

    maltreat 虐待

    malcontent 不满的

    malpractice 不法行为

    maldevelopment 不正常发展

    malnutrition 营养不良

    malposition 位置不正

    malformation 畸形

    malediction 恶言，诅咒

    maladministration 管理不善

    malodour 恶臭，恶味

    malefaction 坏事，恶行

    malfunction 机能失常
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    更新时间：2025/1/25 10:08:59