† aˈgain-[the adv.], was formerly used in many verbal combinations, which are now all obsolete; of the simple gain- with which it varied, gainsay is the only surviving representative. As again- was originally a movable adverbial particle, as in mod.G. entgégen-kommen, it always had the main stress, aˈgain-ˌmeeting. In meaning it answered to L. re- (compounds of which now usually replace those of again-) with the following varieties:1. Against, in opposition to; rarely opposite: again-behold, to look opposite; again-fight, to fight against; again-lay, -legge, to oppose; again-meeting, rencounter; again-renning, inroad, incursion; again-ride, to ride against; again-spreng(en, to besprinkle, bespatter; again-weight, -wiȝte, counterweight; again-wince, to kick against; again-witness, to witness against; again-withstand, to resist. Also again-come, -go, -rise, -say, -stand, q.v.1382Wyclif Ex. xxxvii. 9 And hemselues [i.e. the two cherubyn] togidere and it aȝenbiholdynge. ― Rom. vii. 23 An other lawe in my membris, aȝenfiȝtinge to the lawe of my soule. ― Josh. x. 31 And the oost..aȝenfauȝt it. ― Ezra Prol., If any man forsothe aȝen legge to vs the seuenti remenoures. ― 1 Sam. xxv. 20 Dauid and his men camen doun into aȝenmetynge of hire. ― 2 Macc. vi. 3 The aȝein renning of yuels [Vulg. malorum incursio]. ― Is. xxix. 7 Alle þat aȝen riden and bisegeden. ― Lev. xiv. 44 The walles aȝen spreynt with spottis.1340Ayenb. 247 Þeruore þe ayenwyȝte of þe ulesse is zuo heuy.1382Wyclif Deut. xxxii. 15 Ful fat maad is the loued and aȝen wynsed [1388 kikide aȝen]. ― Jer. xlii. 19 Aȝenwitnessid Y haue to ȝou this day. ― Deut. ix. 2 To the whiche no man may aȝenwithstoond [1388 aȝenstonde in the contrarie part].2. Back, backward: again-bow, to bend back; again-bring, to bring back; again-chare, to turn back, repent; again-clepe, to recall; again-drawing, drawing back, retractation; again-falling, relapse; again-fare, to return; again-frushe, to start back, recoil; again-hold, to hold back, withhold; again-lead, to lead back; again-louke, to shut back, recludere; again-put, to push back; again-raas, a running back, return; again-tell, to report; again-tote n., looking back; again-wend, to turn back. Also again-call, -come, -turn, q.v.1382Wyclif 1 Kings vii. 26 As a leef of a lilye to be aȝen bowid. ― Rom. xv. 15, I wroot to ȝou of party, as aȝen bryngynge ȝou in to mynde. ― Tob. xii. 3 Me he hath led and aȝeen broȝt hol.c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 Hwan ic aᵹencherre, al ic þe ᵹelde.1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2066 Tyl sum myschaunce make hem aȝenchare.1382Wyclif Ps. ci. 25 Ne aȝeen clepe thou me in the myddil of my daȝis. ― Rom. Prol., Poul aȝenclepith [reuokith] these Romayns to veri feith. ― Ex. iv. 7 He aȝen drewȝ [1388 withdrew]. ― 1 Sam. xiv. 39 With out aȝen drawynge he shal die.1340Ayenb. 116 Þet he hine loky uram ayenfallinge.1205Layamon 23158 Ȝif þu nult aȝainfaren [1250 aȝenfare].1382Wyclif Ex. xv. 16 Alle the dwellers of Chanaan aȝenfrusshiden for ferde.c1450Pecock Repr. 381 The same peple mowe justli withdrawe & aȝenholde the tithis.1382Wyclif Tob. v. 15 Leden, and aȝeen lede hym to thee hol.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) xxxiv. 3 Þat filigh me, ogain-louke þam.1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxi. 13 He aȝen put into the doris of the ȝate.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) xviii. 7 Fra heghest heven his outcome ai, And his ogaine-raas til hegh sette.1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxii. 6 There is not that aȝen telle to me.c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 931 Ay goande on your gate, wythouten agayntote.1205Layamon 23155 Senden to þan kingen, and hahten hine aȝainwenden.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) lxxvii. 9 Sones of Effrem..In dai of fight ere ogayne-wendand.3. Reversal: again-cover, to reveal, uncover.1382Wyclif Ecclus. xlvii. 16 His soule aȝeen couerede the erthe [1388 vnhilide].4. Reciprocal or reflected action; in return: again-behest, reciprocal or mutual promise; again-bihote, to be responsible or surety for; again-bihoter, a surety; again-bihoting, suretyship, responsibility; again-bite, ayenbite, remorse; again-chiding, recrimination; again-gift, giving in return, repayment; again-measure, to measure back; again-shine, to shine back, reflect; again-smiting, reaction, reverberation; again-sound, to resound, re-echo.1382Wyclif Heb. xi. 17 He offride the oon bigetyn, the which hadde takyn repromyssiouns, or aȝenbiheestis. ― Ecclus. xxix. 23 A man aȝeenbihoteth of his neȝhebore.Ibid. xxix. 21 The synnere and the vnclene the aȝeenbihotere fleeth.Ibid. xxix. 24 Most shreude aȝenbihoting spilde manye loouende men.1340Ayenb. 5 Þis boc is ywrite Vor Englisse men þet hi wyte How hi ssolde ham zelve ssrive And maki ham klene ine þise live. Þis boc hatte huo þet writ Ayenbite of Inwyt.1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxi. 5 Aȝeen chiding and wrongis to noȝt shul bringe substaunce.1340Ayenb. 121 Ȝefþe is ȝeuynge wyþoute aȝenȝefþe, þet is wy[þ]oute onderstondinge of aȝenȝefþe.1382Wyclif Isa. lxv. 7, I shal aȝeen mesuren the were of hem first in the bosum of hem. ― Ecclus. l. 8 As the aȝenshynende bowe betweene the litle cloudis of glorie. ― Prov. xxvii. 19 What maner wise in watris aȝeen schinen the cheres of men.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. vi, For yf he [the eye] apprehendeþ wel and lyȝtly, with oute aȝen smytynge (sine reverberatione).1382Wyclif Isa. xliv. 23 Aȝensouneth, ȝee hillis, preising.5. Restoration to a former state; back again: again-ask, to ask back, require; again-keel, to cool again; again-new, to renew; again-raise, -reyse, to raise again; again-seek, to ask for, require; again-set, to set up again. Also again-buy, -rising, q.v.1382Wyclif Deut. xxiv. 10 Whanne thow shalt aȝen aske eny thing that he owith to thee. ― Ecclus. xviii. 16 Whether not brennende hete the dew shal aȝeen-keelen. ― Tit. iii. 6 By waischynge of aȝen-bigetyng, and aȝen-newyng of the Hooly Gost. ― John vi. 40, I schal aȝen reyse him in the laste day.1388― Ps. cxli. 5 Ther was not that aȝeen soȝte my soule. ― Ezek. xiii. 5 Nether aȝensettiden a wal for the hous of Israel [1382 aȝen puttiden].6. Repetition; again, over again: again-begetting, regeneration; again-flower, to bloom again; again-know, to know again, recognize; again-weigh, to reweigh; again-writing, a rescript or copy.1382Wyclif Tit. iii. 5 Bi waischynge, or baptym of aȝen⁓bigetyng.1382Wyclif Ps. xxvii. 7 Aȝeen flourede myn flesh. ― 1 Sam. xxiii. 9 The which thing whanne Dauid aȝen cnewe.1340Ayenb. 57 Hit behoveþ þet he conne weȝe and ayen-weȝe þet word, huych þet hit by.1388Wyclif 1 Macc. xii. 19 This is the aȝenwriting of epistlis that the kyng sente.

again-

Prefix

obsolete, no longer productive Prefix meaning again, against, back, or in return.

Etymology

From Middle English agen-, ayen-, from Old English ongēan- (“towards, opposite, against, back, again, anew”). More at again.

Derived terms

English words prefixed with again-

词汇	again-
词根词缀	OED Wiktionary † aˈgain-[the adv.], was formerly used in many verbal combinations, which are now all obsolete; of the simple gain- with which it varied, gainsay is the only surviving representative. As again- was originally a movable adverbial particle, as in mod.G. entgégen-kommen, it always had the main stress, aˈgain-ˌmeeting. In meaning it answered to L. re- (compounds of which now usually replace those of again-) with the following varieties:1. Against, in opposition to; rarely opposite: again-behold, to look opposite; again-fight, to fight against; again-lay, -legge, to oppose; again-meeting, rencounter; again-renning, inroad, incursion; again-ride, to ride against; again-spreng(en, to besprinkle, bespatter; again-weight, -wiȝte, counterweight; again-wince, to kick against; again-witness, to witness against; again-withstand, to resist. Also again-come, -go, -rise, -say, -stand, q.v.1382Wyclif Ex. xxxvii. 9 And hemselues [i.e. the two cherubyn] togidere and it aȝenbiholdynge. ― Rom. vii. 23 An other lawe in my membris, aȝenfiȝtinge to the lawe of my soule. ― Josh. x. 31 And the oost..aȝenfauȝt it. ― Ezra Prol., If any man forsothe aȝen legge to vs the seuenti remenoures. ― 1 Sam. xxv. 20 Dauid and his men camen doun into aȝenmetynge of hire. ― 2 Macc. vi. 3 The aȝein renning of yuels [Vulg. malorum incursio]. ― Is. xxix. 7 Alle þat aȝen riden and bisegeden. ― Lev. xiv. 44 The walles aȝen spreynt with spottis.1340Ayenb. 247 Þeruore þe ayenwyȝte of þe ulesse is zuo heuy.1382Wyclif Deut. xxxii. 15 Ful fat maad is the loued and aȝen wynsed [1388 kikide aȝen]. ― Jer. xlii. 19 Aȝenwitnessid Y haue to ȝou this day. ― Deut. ix. 2 To the whiche no man may aȝenwithstoond [1388 aȝenstonde in the contrarie part].2. Back, backward: again-bow, to bend back; again-bring, to bring back; again-chare, to turn back, repent; again-clepe, to recall; again-drawing, drawing back, retractation; again-falling, relapse; again-fare, to return; again-frushe, to start back, recoil; again-hold, to hold back, withhold; again-lead, to lead back; again-louke, to shut back, recludere; again-put, to push back; again-raas, a running back, return; again-tell, to report; again-tote n., looking back; again-wend, to turn back. Also again-call, -come, -turn, q.v.1382Wyclif 1 Kings vii. 26 As a leef of a lilye to be aȝen bowid. ― Rom. xv. 15, I wroot to ȝou of party, as aȝen bryngynge ȝou in to mynde. ― Tob. xii. 3 Me he hath led and aȝeen broȝt hol.c1175Lamb. Hom. 79 Hwan ic aᵹencherre, al ic þe ᵹelde.1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 2066 Tyl sum myschaunce make hem aȝenchare.1382Wyclif Ps. ci. 25 Ne aȝeen clepe thou me in the myddil of my daȝis. ― Rom. Prol., Poul aȝenclepith [reuokith] these Romayns to veri feith. ― Ex. iv. 7 He aȝen drewȝ [1388 withdrew]. ― 1 Sam. xiv. 39 With out aȝen drawynge he shal die.1340Ayenb. 116 Þet he hine loky uram ayenfallinge.1205Layamon 23158 Ȝif þu nult aȝainfaren [1250 aȝenfare].1382Wyclif Ex. xv. 16 Alle the dwellers of Chanaan aȝenfrusshiden for ferde.c1450Pecock Repr. 381 The same peple mowe justli withdrawe & aȝenholde the tithis.1382Wyclif Tob. v. 15 Leden, and aȝeen lede hym to thee hol.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) xxxiv. 3 Þat filigh me, ogain-louke þam.1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxi. 13 He aȝen put into the doris of the ȝate.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) xviii. 7 Fra heghest heven his outcome ai, And his ogaine-raas til hegh sette.1382Wyclif 1 Sam. xxii. 6 There is not that aȝen telle to me.c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 931 Ay goande on your gate, wythouten agayntote.1205Layamon 23155 Senden to þan kingen, and hahten hine aȝainwenden.1315E.E. Psalter (1843) lxxvii. 9 Sones of Effrem..In dai of fight ere ogayne-wendand.3. Reversal: again-cover, to reveal, uncover.1382Wyclif Ecclus. xlvii. 16 His soule aȝeen couerede the erthe [1388 vnhilide].4. Reciprocal or reflected action; in return: again-behest, reciprocal or mutual promise; again-bihote, to be responsible or surety for; again-bihoter, a surety; again-bihoting, suretyship, responsibility; again-bite, ayenbite, remorse; again-chiding, recrimination; again-gift, giving in return, repayment; again-measure, to measure back; again-shine, to shine back, reflect; again-smiting, reaction, reverberation; again-sound, to resound, re-echo.1382Wyclif Heb. xi. 17 He offride the oon bigetyn, the which hadde takyn repromyssiouns, or aȝenbiheestis. ― Ecclus. xxix. 23 A man aȝeenbihoteth of his neȝhebore.Ibid. xxix. 21 The synnere and the vnclene the aȝeenbihotere fleeth.Ibid. xxix. 24 Most shreude aȝenbihoting spilde manye loouende men.1340Ayenb. 5 Þis boc is ywrite Vor Englisse men þet hi wyte How hi ssolde ham zelve ssrive And maki ham klene ine þise live. Þis boc hatte huo þet writ Ayenbite of Inwyt.1382Wyclif Ecclus. xxi. 5 Aȝeen chiding and wrongis to noȝt shul bringe substaunce.1340Ayenb. 121 Ȝefþe is ȝeuynge wyþoute aȝenȝefþe, þet is wy[þ]oute onderstondinge of aȝenȝefþe.1382Wyclif Isa. lxv. 7, I shal aȝeen mesuren the were of hem first in the bosum of hem. ― Ecclus. l. 8 As the aȝenshynende bowe betweene the litle cloudis of glorie. ― Prov. xxvii. 19 What maner wise in watris aȝeen schinen the cheres of men.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. vi, For yf he [the eye] apprehendeþ wel and lyȝtly, with oute aȝen smytynge (sine reverberatione).1382Wyclif Isa. xliv. 23 Aȝensouneth, ȝee hillis, preising.5. Restoration to a former state; back again: again-ask, to ask back, require; again-keel, to cool again; again-new, to renew; again-raise, -reyse, to raise again; again-seek, to ask for, require; again-set, to set up again. Also again-buy, -rising, q.v.1382Wyclif Deut. xxiv. 10 Whanne thow shalt aȝen aske eny thing that he owith to thee. ― Ecclus. xviii. 16 Whether not brennende hete the dew shal aȝeen-keelen. ― Tit. iii. 6 By waischynge of aȝen-bigetyng, and aȝen-newyng of the Hooly Gost. ― John vi. 40, I schal aȝen reyse him in the laste day.1388― Ps. cxli. 5 Ther was not that aȝeen soȝte my soule. ― Ezek. xiii. 5 Nether aȝensettiden a wal for the hous of Israel [1382 aȝen puttiden].6. Repetition; again, over again: again-begetting, regeneration; again-flower, to bloom again; again-know, to know again, recognize; again-weigh, to reweigh; again-writing, a rescript or copy.1382Wyclif Tit. iii. 5 Bi waischynge, or baptym of aȝen⁓bigetyng.1382Wyclif Ps. xxvii. 7 Aȝeen flourede myn flesh. ― 1 Sam. xxiii. 9 The which thing whanne Dauid aȝen cnewe.1340Ayenb. 57 Hit behoveþ þet he conne weȝe and ayen-weȝe þet word, huych þet hit by.1388Wyclif 1 Macc. xii. 19 This is the aȝenwriting of epistlis that the kyng sente. again- Prefix obsolete, no longer productive Prefix meaning again, against, back, or in return. Etymology From Middle English agen-, ayen-, from Old English ongēan- (“towards, opposite, against, back, again, anew”). More at again. Derived terms ► English words prefixed with again-
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