after-in comb. is used in various relations prepositional, adverbial, and adjectival, not always easy to separate, and in various senses. In some of these the combination is very loose, the use of the hyphen being mainly syntactical, i.e. to show that the grammatical relation between after and the following word is something else than the ordinary one of preposition and object. Cf. ‘After consideration I resolved to decline’ and ‘After-consideration has shown me that I was wrong.’ ‘I should know him after years had passed’ with ‘I know not what after-years may bring.’ Otherwise it is unnecessary, as ‘the events of after years.’ See after a.I. General senses in comb. (Words in bold type are treated specially under II., those in small capitals in their alphabetical place.)1. As prep. with n., the whole forming a n. meaning ‘the time after ―’: as afternoon, -dinner, -supper; so after-church, after-grave, after-sales, after-shave (also after-shaving adj.); also ellipt.: after-shave lotion; after-sunset, after-tea. Also used attrib., as in after-dinner oratory. See also after-war.1678Butler Hudibr. iii. ii. 310 The Bride to nothing but her Will, That nulls the After-Marriage still.a1682Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1881) 140 Leaving no earnest behind him for corruption or aftergrave.1792Gentleman's Mag. LXII. 24, I wished to accompany Miss Sophia to the after⁓church lecture.1807W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 215 This confinement of my father's takes away my after-teas.1861L. L. Noble After Icebergs 139 All that we anticipated of the sunset, or the after-sunset, is now present.1895Daily News 14 Sept. 5/7 The after-lunch drive was through more lovely country.1905E. Wharton House of Mirth (1906) ii. ix. 430 The noisy after-theatre supper.1906Daily Chron. 4 Jan. 6/7 A severe line is drawn by the ‘after-season sale’ between the masculine and feminine shop.1914J. Collings Colon. Rur. Brit. I. vi. 113 The remainder of the children whose after-school career was traced went into industrial or commercial occupations.1922‘R. Crompton’ More William iv. 69 ‘We di'n't ought to have set off before dinner,’ said the squire with after-the-event wisdom.1939G. Greene Confid. Agent i. ii. 72 The after-office rush was over.1943L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 18 Be small, be mute, you after-midnight tears.1945Amer. Speech XX. 165 The after-shaving lotion may also leave your face feeling ‘softer and smoother’.1946Ibid. XXI. 169 Merchandisers have emphasized terms [of lotions] used in virile, mostly expensive, sports:..Field and Stream After Shave [etc.].Ibid., Ascot After Shave Lotion.1955Times 13 May 6/5 British manufacturers of aircraft and aero-engines are devoting special attention to ‘after-sales’ service.1958P. Mortimer Daddy's Gone A-Hunting v. 27 He still managed to look suave and tidy, to emanate the bitter-sweet smell of money and after-shave.1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xviii. 377 Their favourite after-dark games.1961Guardian 19 Jan. 9/7 A navy chiffon after-six dress.1962Ibid. 3 Jan. 4/1 An after-ski poncho.1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 203 The popularity of skiing and the after-ski atmosphere.Ibid. 205 After-ski boot.1964F. Bowers Bibliogr. & Textual Criticism ii. iii. 56 This bibliographical after-the-event interpretation of the Folio error.2. As adv. (or prep.) with v., indicating succession in time, or direction in space; as after-date, after-eye, after-go, after-send, and other vbs. common in OE.; also in vbl. derivatives, as after-comer, -coming; after-beer, -liver, etc.1340Ayenb. 58 Makeþ þe efter telleres ofte by yhyea[l]de foles and uor lyeȝeres.3. As adv. with ppl. a.: Subsequently, later in order, as in after-born (OE. æfter-boren). esp. later in a speech or writing: as after-described, after-mentioned, after-named, after-specified, after-written.1640Bk. of War Committee of Covenanters 2 At the sight of the persones efter-specifit.1687Lond. Gaz. mmccxxi/3 Under the several Conditions, Restrictions, and Limitations after-mentioned.4. As adj. with n., indicating position = hinder, posterior, a. as in OE. æfter-ráp crupper, after-body, -brain, -breast, -nose, -wrist; after-part, after-truck, etc. (See after a. 4.)1824W. Irving T. of Trav. I. 41 The old gentleman had really an afterpart of his story in reserve.1833Marryat Pet. Simple (1863) 45 He was sharpening a long clasp knife upon the after-truck of the gun.b. esp. In nautical lang.: Of or pertaining to the hinder part of the ship, nearer to the stern, as in after-guard; after-cabin, -leech, -oar, -sails, -yards; after-ship, after-part, after-quarter, etc.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. iii. (1495) 105 Highte puppis in latyn as it were aftershyppe.1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 167 Right with the maine mast or after-quarter of the shippe.1694Motteux tr. Rabelais iv. xxii. 93 Hall your after⁓misen bowlins.—Hawl, Hawl, Hawl.1769Falconer Dict. Marine s.v. After, The After-Sails usually comprehend all those which are extended on the mizen-mast, and on the stays between the mizen and main-masts. They are opposed to the head-sails.1813Southey Nelson I. i. 28 The Glasgow..was in flames, the steward having set fire to her while stealing rum out of the after-hold.Ibid. iii. 124 He ordered..the driver and after-sails to be brailed up and shivered.1851Melville Moby Dick II. i. 1, Archy..whose post was near the after-hatches.1871Daily News 26 Aug., She has a spacious deck saloon in the afterpart.1883Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships 175 To reeve an after-guy.1897G. du Maurier Martian vii. 318 He made the ladies as comfortable as he could on the after-deck.1898Kipling in Morning Post 11 Nov. 5/1 An Admiral..goes up on the after-bridge.1933J. Masefield Bird of Dawning 209 An open locker against the after-bulkhead caught his eye.Ibid. 211 I've got to..get down into the after-hold.5. As adj. with n. expressing order = subordinate, inferior, remoter, as after-deal, after-kindred, -man, -table, after-wine. OE. æfter-ealo small beer.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxxix. (1495) 729 The after-wyne that is wrongen out of grapys.6. As adj. with n. expressing order in time = the latter (of two), second, secondary, following or recurring after the main occurrence: as after-birth, -burden, -clap, -course, -crop, -game, -glow, -grass, -image, -math, -piece, -spring, -thought, -worts; after-banquet, -baptism, -blow, -damp, -eatage, -growth, -mass, -mess, -sum, -winter; so after-echo, after-gust, after-harvest, after-meal, after-paganism, after-ploughing, after-storm, after-task. OE. had æfter-ᵹyld, -hætu, -sang. (One main stress: ˈaftercrop, ˈafterˌharvest.) See after a. 2.a1600Hooker Serm. on Justif. §5 The infusion of grace hath her sundrie after-meales.1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 411 An after-harvest of many cares and discontentments.c1619Hieron Wks. 1620 II. 453 Wee are wise inough to put our selues to an after taske.1624Gataker Transubst. 173 His other Arguments are drops of an after-storme.1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 293 Had degenerated therein into a kind of an After-Paganism.1818Cobbett Year's Resid. Amer. (1822) 57 When I have spoken of the after-culture, I shall compare the two methods of sowing.1876Swinburne Lett. (1960) III. 239, I cannot write of it now without feeling bitterly an aftergust or afterglow of that enthusiasm.1885G. Saintsbury Marlborough iv. 54 That aftergust of the plot which blew off the head of Sir John Fenwick.1918D. H. Lawrence New Poems 16 The after-echo of fear.1925O. Jespersen Mankind, Nation & Individual ix. 169 Fear of the naked word, an after-echo of the view held by savage tribes.7. As adv. or adj. with n. of action, with the idea of following not immediately, at length, eventual, ultimate; as after-pain, -reckoning, -wit; after-cast, -proof, -roll, -taste, -treat; so after-account, after-chance, after-consequence, after-cost, after-fame, after-fruit, after-good, after-grief, after-glory, after-harm, after-infamy, after-loss, after-penitence, after-remedy, after-rottenness, after-settling, after-turn. OE. had æfter-yldo later age. (One main stress: ˈafter-aˌccount.)1572B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 36 b, Not sowed for present necessitie, but for other afterturnes.1590Payne Descr. Irel. (1841) 12 Which now dare not so for fear of after harmes.1596Lodge Marg. Amer. sig. F1, To make your after-good in deede more savourie.1599Fenton Guicciardine xiv. 641 What will be the euent and afterchaunce of things.1612Brinsley Lud. Liter. i. (1627) 4, I trust my after-fruits shall much increase.1707Freind Peterboro's Cond. Spain 58 Such effects..are too often paid for by an after-reckoning.1810Coleridge Friend i. xiv. (1867) 62 The sense of disproportion of a certain after-harm to present gratification.1842H. E. Manning Serm. (1848) I. 170 The shrinking anticipation of its possible after-consequences.1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. xxviii. 393 First the destruction of the Church as a body politic, and then an after-fruit of reaction.1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 393 In the highest phase..there is no after-memory whatever until the next trance comes.1924S. C. Chew (title) Byron in England. His fame and after-fame.1933Mind XLII. 359 The after-influence of each philosopher should be dealt with.1937J. M. Murry Necessity of Pacifism vii. 116 The life and teaching and death and after-influence of Jesus of Nazareth.8. As adj. or adv. with n. of action or adj., expressing, After the event, later, and hence sometimes, late, behindhand; as after-born, -hand, -thought, -wit; after-knowledge, -view, -wise; after-acceptation, after-agreement, after-breach, after-consideration, after-counsel, after-deliberation, after-design, after-difference, after-engagement, after-inquiry, after-fall, after-meditation, after-pardon, after-speech, after-thrift, after-wrath, etc. (Both words have accent, but the stronger is on after: ˈafter-ˌcounsel.)a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. viii. 501 By which means of after-agreement, it cometh many times to pass.1611Shakes. Cymb. v. iv. 189 Iump the after-enquiry on your owne perill.1617Hieron Wks. II. 91 And for the preuenting of their after-falls.1626Bernard Isle of Man (ed. 10) 16 This fellow cannot abid after-meditation.1634Sanderson Serm. II. 305 With God there is no after-counsel, to correct the errors of the former.1644Quarles Sheph. Oracles ix, Give former dispensation; or at least An after Pardon.1692Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 158 These After-considerations are of very little moment.1830Sir J. Herschel Nat. Phil. 77 It is only by after-rumination that we gather its full import.9. As adv. or adj. with n., meaning, Coming or existing afterwards, subsequent; as in after-act, after-action, after-age, after-beauty, after-friend, after-help, after-king, after-love, after-state, after-wisdom, after-years, and others without limit. Not distinct from after a. 3; the value of the hyphen, which is often omitted, is purely syntactical, and both words have a main accent: ˈafter ˈlife, ˈafter proˈceedings.1591Shakes. Two Gent. iii. i. 95 Scorne at first makes after⁓loue the more.1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. (1617) Pref., Conference before-hand might haue eased them of much after-trouble.1608Chapman Byron's Trag. i. i, And of his worth, let after ages say.1632Massinger & Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. H1, Something I must do mine owne wrath to asswage, And note my friendship to an after-age.1640Sanderson Serm. II. 146 He meaneth to build his after-comforts upon a firm base.1646in J. W. Draper Cent. Broadside Elegies (1928) No. 17, p. 37 His fame to after-ages shall Sound out in praise.1655W. Gouge Comm. Hebr. vi. 10 Their former diligence will be..an aggravation of their after-negligence.1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 474 All the importunities and necessities of after-affairs.1680–90Sir W. Temple Ess. Learn. Wks. 1731 I. 297 So renowned in their own and After-ages.1705Hickeringill Priest-Craft ii. i. 9 An After-Statute made by the said King and another Parliament.c1726Garretson Pr. 7 Unless the charitable care of some after-friend supply the defects of former education.1736Carte Life of Ormonde II. 278 But his after-actions did not correspond to these beginnings.1837M. F. Ossoli Wom. in 19th c. (1862) 352 Their memory is with us amid after-trials.1842H. E. Manning Serm. (1848) I. 261 All the after-assaults of spiritual wickedness.1862Lytton Strange Story I. 103 Though after-experience may rebuke the illusion.1955Essays & Studies VIII. 16 Compositors are far more likely than authors to allow after-ages to see their spelling idiosyncrasies.II. Special combinations (with quotations, in alphabetical order). ˈafter-ˌband, a subsequent band or bond after a release; † ˈafter-ˌbanquet, an entertainment following upon a banquet; † ˈafter-ˌbaptism, after-baptizing, adult baptism, anabaptism; ˈafter-beat Mus., (a) a note or tone falling on an upbeat; (b) spec. the last two notes of a trill; † ˈafter-ˌbeer, a successor, one who lives later; † ˈafterˌbeing, post-existence; ˈafter-blow = afterclap; also Metallurgy, a continued period of the blow, after decarbonization is complete, in the basic Bessemer process (cf. blow n.² 4); † ˈafter-ˌbrain, the posterior lobe of the brain, the cerebellum; ˈafter-ˌbreast, name proposed by Kirby and Spence for the metathorax of insects; ˈafter-ˌcabin, the cabin in the after or hinder part of the ship, having superior accommodation; ˈaftercall, ˈafter-ˌcalling, reclamation, a renewed demand; also a calling afterwards; † ˈaftercast, a second or later throw (at dice), an experimental result; ˈafter-Christ, a second Christ; ˈafter-ˌChristian a., having ceased to be Christian; also n.; hence ˌafter-Christiˈanity; ˈafter-cure, convalescence or further treatment taken after a period of treatment; ˈafter-damp, the choke-damp which rises in a mine after an explosion; ˈafter-ˌdate, to assign to a later date, to post-date; ˈafter-disˈcharge, a discharge (esp. of neural impulses) after the initial cause has been removed; ˈafter-drops, drops of rain which continue to fall after the cloud has passed; ˈafter-ˌeatage, the pasture after mowing = after-grass; † after-ˈeye, to follow with the eye, to look after; ˈafterfeed = aftergrass; † ˈafter-frame, superstructure; † ˈafter-ˌgathering, gleaning; also fig.; † ˈafterˌgo, to follow; ˈafter-growth, a subsequent or second growth, an after-math; also growth afterwards; ˈafterheat Nucl. Sci. (see quots. 1957, 1980); † ˈafter-ˌkindred, remote kindred, distant relationship; ˈafter-ˌknowledge, knowledge after the event, retrospective knowledge; ˈafter-ˌleech, the hinder edge (of a sail); ˈafter-ˌliver, survivor; † ˈafter-ˌlodging, that which lodges behind (as coarser flour in the sieve); † ˈafter-man, a follower, a subordinate; aftermarket orig. and chiefly U.S., (a) a market for spare parts and accessories, esp. for motor vehicles; (b) Stock Exchange, a market in shares after their original issue; a secondary market; † ˈafter-ˌmass, the second or later mass, or feastday of a saint; † ˈafterˌmess, dessert, end of a feast; ˈaftermowth (= after-eatage); ˈafter-nose (see quot.); ˈafter-ˌoar, the hinder or rearmost oar of a boat; ˈafter-ˌpasture = after-grass; † ˈafter-proof, outcome, realization; ˈafter-ˌripening (see quots.); ˈafter-roll, the roll of the waves after the subsidence of a storm; also fig.; ˈafter-ˌsails, ‘all those on the after-masts, as well as on the stays between the main and mizen masts’ Adm. Smyth; ˈafter-ˌseason, the latter end of the year; † after-ˈsend, to send after; ˈafter-shine, the radiance that lingers after the sun has gone down, after-glow; also fig.; ˈafter-sight, retrospective view, insight into the past; ˈafter-sound, a subsequent sound; an echo; cf. after-image; ˈafter-ˌsum, the purchase money paid after the deposit, the balance; ˈafter-swarm, a second swarm of bees; † ˈafter-table, an inferior table; † ˈafter-tale, a subsequent reckoning, a correction; ˈafter-taste, a taste which remains or comes after swallowing anything; also fig.; ˈafter-ˌthinker, a reflecter; † aftertime, conj. after that; † ˈafter-treat = after-taste, flavour, relish; ˈafter-view, subsequent view, looking back; † ˈafter-ˌwending, following; ˈafter-ˌwinter, a second winter when spring is looked for, a renewal of winter; ˈafter-ˌwise , wise after the event, wise too late; ˈafterwrist, the metacarpus; † ˈafter-ˌwriting, postscript; ˈafter-ˌyards, Naut. the yards in the main and mizen masts.1667Milton P.L. ix. 761 If death Bind us with *after-bands, what profits then Our inward freedom?1577tr. Bullinger's Dec. (1592) 239 Gluttonie, surfettinges, riotous *afterbanquettes, and dronkennesse.1597Warner Albion's Eng. x. lix. 262 Which After-Banquet did their Lord for onely him prouide.1680W. Allen Peace & Unity 70 The Pædobaptists are as much for water-Baptism as the Anabaptists are, and hold themselves as firmly engaged by their Infant-Baptism, as they do by their *after-Baptism.Ibid. 64 While they remain under this perswasion, they can no more lawfully receive an *after-baptizing.1625W. L'Isle Du Bartas' Noe 8 How long some of them lived with their forebeers and *afterbeers.1908R. Dunstan Cycl. Dict. Mus. 18/1 *After-beat, last two notes of a Trill.1927Melody Maker June 597/3 The rhythmic section should support with a ‘straight’ but well-accented ‘after-beat’ rhythm.Ibid. Sept. 925/2 The stick taps out the second and fourth (or ‘after’) beats on the cymbal, thus accentuating these after-beats.1587Golding De Mornay vii. 92 A beginninglesse forbeing..inferreth an endlesse *afterbeing.1663Butler Hudibr. i. iii. 740 And they perire, and yet enough Be left to strike an *after-blow.1881Encycl. Brit. XIII. 346/1 The elimination of phosphorus..could be very largely effected..this action chiefly taking place during the ‘after blow’.1891Phillips & Prochaska tr. Wedding's Basic Bessemer Process iv. 104 It is useless to pour off the slag before the after-blow.1899H. S. Bowden Relig. of Shakespeare v. 232 He begs that his dismissal..may be at once..and not come as an after-blow to destroy his only hope.1910H. P. Tiemann Iron & Steel 17 The period before the drop of the flame is called the fore blow, the latter one the after blow.1615Crooke Body of Man 468 They are scituate betweene the forepart of the *After⁓braine and backside of the third ventricle.1673in Phil. Trans. VIII. 6153 As soon as the knife touched the cerebellum or After-brain.1816–43Kirby & Spence Entomol. (1843) II. 254 You will discover in the *after-breast (post pectus) a rather deep cavity.1833Marryat Pet. Simple (1863) 196 Captain To then came out of the *after-cabin, half-dressed.1814Wordsworth Excur. ix. 122 Hence an *after⁓call For chastisement, and custody, and bonds.1617Hieron Wks. II. 92 There are no more *after-callings, when He hath once wiped out the score.1393Gower Conf. (Halliw.) Thus ever he pleyeth an *aftircaste Of alle that he schalle say or do.1866Carlyle Reminisc. ii. 265 The aftercasts of the doctors' futile opiates were generally the worst phenomena.1881G. M. Hopkins Sermons & Dev. Writ. (1959) 100 The Holy Ghost makes of every Christian another Christ, an *AfterChrist.1886C. S. Devas Stud. Fam. Life iii. 274 We cannot alter the past, or be as though England..had never been a Christian country... We must of necessity be either Christian or *After-Christian.Ibid., Popular writers of After-Christian France.1911Month Mar. 282 St. Paul's description of the Fore-Christians of his day applies equally to the After-Christians of ours.1906― Key to World's Progress i. 57 Further details of *After-Christianity..are here unnecessary.1901W. James Let. 6 Aug. in R. B. Perry Tht. & Char. of W. J. (1935) II. 199 We leave here on Saturday..and take the *after-cure in the Vosges.1860Mining Gloss. (ed. 2) 48 *After-damp, destructive gas (carbonic acid) remaining in the workings after an explosion of fire-damp.1869Echo 29 Mar., Two others were killed by the effects of the after-damp.1800W. Taylor in Month. Mag. X. 223 Perhaps the ambitious fancy of Josephus has *after-dated this narrative.1932Dorland & Miller Med. Dict. (ed. 16) 51/2 *After-discharge, a response to stimulation in a sensory nerve which persists after the stimulus has ceased.1941Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 74 After short light exposures..this after-discharge is followed by a short period of complete darkness.1949A. Koestler Insight & Outlook x. 148 Compare the short refractory period or afterdischarge of nerves.1580Sidney Arcad. iii. 295 Their motions rather seemed the *after-drops of a storm, than any matter of great fury.1760R. Burn Eccl. Law (T.) The aftermowth, or *after-eatage, are undoubtedly part of the increase of that same year.1611Shakes. Cymb. i. iii. 15 Thou should'st haue made him As little as a Crow, or lesse, ere left To *after-eye him.1863W. Wing in N. & Q. iii. IV. 204 The *after-feed belonging to the proprietor.1879Standard 28 Apr., Growing Crop of Grass, with afterfeed till Christmas.1653Ashwell Fides Apost. 41 That foundation, whereon the whole *after⁓frame is built.1535Coverdale Jud. viii. 2 Is not the *after⁓gadderynge of Ephraim better then the whole haruest of Abieser?1548Geste Priuee Masse 78 The worshyppe *after⁓goeth them all.1766Goldsm. Vic. W. vi, I called out my whole family to help at saving an *after-growth of hay.1817Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 106 The mind whom..he has..supplied with the germs of their after-growth.1839Stonehouse Isle of Axholme 62 This vert was the after⁓growth of that great forest.1957Gloss. Terms Nuclear Sci. (Nat. Res. Council, U.S.) 6/2 *After-heat, heat resulting from residual activity after a reactor has been shut down.1971Atlantic Monthly June 36 The failures..occurred in the afterheat system of the Oak Ridge Research Reactor.1980Sci. Amer. Mar. 37/2 The ‘afterheat’ that continues to be generated by the decay of radioactive fission products in the fuel rods..amounts to some 200 megawatts immediately after shut-down and decreases gradually over a period of seconds, minutes, days, weeks and ultimately months.1386Chaucer Melib. 409 [Corp. & Lansd.] Yet nathelesse your kinrede is but *after⁓kinrede [3 MSS. a fer kynrede, Harl. and Petw. litel].1656Hobbes Lib. Necess. & Chance (1841) 430 There is neither fore-knowledge nor *after-knowledge in him.1861Goldw. Smith Mod. Hist. 15 It cannot be answered by distinguishing between foreknowledge and afterknowledge.1769W. Falconer Univ. Dict. Marine Kk. 1 The foremost perpendicular or sloping edge is called the fore leech, and the hindmost the *after leech.1834M. Scott Cruise of Midge (1859) 490 Look how the clear green water..pours out of the afterleech of the sail like a cascade.1595Sidney Def. Poesie (Arb.) 43 The benefit they got, was, that the *after-liuers may say, Hæc memini.1641Best Farm. Bks. (1856) 104 In many places they grinde *after-logginges of wheate for theire servants pyes.1625Sanderson 35 Serm. (1681) 132 A wilful foreman that is made before-hand, and a mess of tame *after-men..that dare not think of being wiser than their leader.1940Automotive Industries 1 Jan. 33/2 The ‘automotive *aftermarket’, a generic term..to cover the vast market involved in servicing and maintaining America's 30,000,000 motor vehicles [etc.].1965Economist 23 Oct. p. x/2 The independent [car] component industry is still very large. Not only does it have the lion's share of the so-called ‘after market’ for many items but..the vehicle manufacturers make a smaller proportion of their own requirements.1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 23 July 3/1 [Defrauding] the public by prematurely stopping the sale of the original stock issue, opening an aftermarket, manipulating the price of the stock upward and selling to customers from the firm trading account at or above the artificially high price.1983Austral. Personal Computer Aug. 67/1 The thing that is expected to save computer makers from pricing themselves out of business is the aftermarket for products such as peripherals and software.1984Observer 28 Oct. 29/5 The only real fly in the ointment..is the future of the after-market.1848Petrie tr. Ags. Chron. 102 Nigh the *aftermass of St. Mary (8th Sept.).1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 457 Thai had a felloun eftremess.a1826Kirby & Spence Entomol. (1826) III. 483 A triangular piece below the antennæ and above the nasus..this is the post-nasus or *after-nose.1833Marryat Pet. Simple (1863) 207 Who was seated upon the gunwale close to the *after⁓oar.1634Wood New Eng. Prosp. i. iv. (1865) There is little edish or *after-pasture, which may proceede from the late mowing.1630Naunton Fragm. Reg. (1870) 59 At the age of twenty and upwards, he was much short of his *after⁓proof.1867Iowa Agric. Soc. Rep. (1868) 188 To make the wine: gather the fruit with the stems on... Leave for three or four days in a cellar..thus causing *after-ripening.1872Vermont Bd. Agric. Rep. 72 Shortly after, begins after-ripening, a chemical change, whereby the starch, abundant in the unripe or green fruit, is transformed into sugar.1935Forestry IX. 30 The need of the embryo for some process of development or ‘after-ripening’ after the seed has been shed.1953Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. i. 11 After-ripening, biochemical or physical changes occurring in seeds..and fruits after harvesting when ripe in the ordinary way.1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 314 Still heaving..from the *after-roll of the insurrection.1663Gerbier Counsel 28 The setting of the work in the *after-season.1596Spenser F.Q. i. v. 10 To *after-send his foe, that him may overtake.1831Carlyle Sart. Res. (1858) 102 From Suicide a certain *after-shine of Christianity withheld me.1647N. Bacon Hist. Disc. iii. 9 The honour due to great *after-sight.a1878G. J. Whyte-Melville In Lena Delta (1885) iv. 50 Aftersight informed us of much that our foresight had overlooked.1942T. S. Eliot Little Gidding ii. 11 Speech impelled us To purify the dialect of the tribe And urge the mind to aftersight and foresight.1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *After-sound, a subjective sensation of sound which remains after the sound itself has ceased.1957L. Durrell Bitter Lemons 52 The beadle crashed at the church bell..and then left the silence to echo round us in wing-beats of aftersound.1658Reynolds Lord's Supper iv, Earnest useth to be paid in coyn of the same quality with the whole *aftersum.1681W[orlidge] Syst. Agric. 189 The signs of *After-swarms are more certain.1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., The after-swarms differ from the prime, in that the latter are directed by the vulgar or the crowd of bees.1645Rutherford Tryal of Faith (1845) 266 Here is a high table and bread; and a by-board, or an *after-table.c1300Beket 627 On this Chartre sette here Seles? that non *Aftertale nere.1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 45 They leave a bitter unpleasant *after⁓taste in the mouth.1849C. Brontë Shirley II. viii. 201 It was the aftertaste of the battle.1846Grote Greece I. i. iii. 102 Promêtheus and Epimêtheus the fore-thinker and the *after-thinker.c1488Lib. Nig. Edw. IV in Househ. Ord. 1790, 34 *Aftertyme viii of these knyghtes be departed from court.1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. To Reader, The *after treat will be none of the sweetest.1693Leighton On 1 Pet. iii. 11 They that know it in the sense of this *after-view..ask them what they think of it.1800Coleridge tr. Schiller's Death of Wallenst. pref., The feelings that arise from an *afterview of the original.1951L. MacNeice tr. Goethe's Faust ii. ii. 204 The afterview of that sorrowful fearful night.c1300K. Alis. 7280 They trussen alle in the dawenyng, And makith swithe *after-wendyng.1601Holland Pliny xviii. xxv, Putting us in good hope, that al cold weather was gone: howbeit, there ensued a most bitter *after-winter.a1719Addison (T.) These are such as we may call the *afterwise.1615Crooke Body of Man 917 Ligaments..ioyne the bones of the *After-wrest to the wrest.1656W. Dugard Gate of Lat. unlocked §222. 61 The wrist [hath] eight [bones]; the after-wrist four.1598Florio, Posto scritta, a post-script, or *after-writing of a letter, a subscription.1795Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 13 Braced up our *after-yards, put the helm a-port, and stood after her again.

after- /ˈɑ:ftə/ combining form. OE.

ORIGIN: after adverb & preposition, adjective.

Forming combs., fixed or transitory, with nouns, adjectives, and verbs, in various relations and senses, as ‘rear’, ‘subsequent(ly)’, ‘eventual(ly)’, ‘subordinate(ly)’.

after-born adjective born after one's father's death or last will; younger.after-burden^†= afterbirth.afterburner a fitment for burning extra fuel in the exhaust of a jet engine as a means of increasing thrust.afterburning the action or use of an afterburner.after-burthen^†= afterbirth.aftercare attention given after a stay in hospital, prison, etc.afterclap an unexpected stroke after the recipient has ceased to be on his or her guard; a surprise happening after a matter is supposed to be at an end.aftercomer a successor; in pl., posterity.after-course (a)^†a later course at dinner; (b) a subsequent course.aftercrop a second crop in one season.afterdamp (gas rich in) carbon monoxide occurring in a mine after an explosion.after-days later or subsequent days.afterdeck an open deck towards the stern of a ship.after-effect an effect that follows after an interval or after the primary action of something.after-game a second game played to improve on the result of the first; a new plan to meet an unforeseen development.afterglow a glow (lit. or fig.) that remains after the removal or disappearance of its source.aftergrass = aftermath 1.after-growth (a) = aftermath 1; (b) growth afterwards.after-guard Nautical on a sailing ship, the men stationed on the quarterdeck and poop to work the sails aft of the mainmast.after-image an impression of a vivid (esp. visual) sensation retained after the cause has been withdrawn.after-knowledge knowledge after the event.afterlife life at a later time or after death.afterlight an afterglow; hindsight.aftermarket (a) a market for spare parts and components; (b) a market in shares after their original issue.after-pain a pain which follows later; spec. in pl., uterine contractions occurring after childbirth.after-party a party held after another event, esp. a concert or another party.afterpiece hist. a farce or other short piece after a play; fig. a subsequent dramatic event.after-reckoning a subsequent or final account.after-sensation an after-image (less commonly visual).aftershave adjective & noun (a lotion) for use after shaving.aftershock a lesser shock following the main shock of an earthquake.aftersight hindsight.aftertaste a taste remaining or recurring after eating or drinking.afterthought something that is thought of or added later.after-time(s) a later or future time.aftertouch Music the resonant effect produced when a pianist sustains the pressure on a key after striking it; (the facility provided by) a programmable device for reproducing this on an electronic keyboard etc.after-wit arch. wisdom after the event.afterword a concluding comment in a book, esp. by a person other than the author.afterworld the world later in time; a world after death.after-wort^†Brewing the second run of beer.after-years later years, years to come.

after-

Prefix

rare or no longer productive With contrary, subordinate, or remote effect; denoting hindrance, set-back, inferiority, etc.

afterdeal, aftertale
With adverbial or adjectival effect, forming compound words indicating something that comes afterwards in spacial position or time.
With prepositional effect, forming compound words denoting something which follows the second element of the compound.

Etymology

From after (adverb and preposition), and also continuing Middle English after-, efter-, æfter-, from Old English æfter- (“after, behind, against”). Cognate with Scots efter-, West Frisian efter-, German after-, Dutch achter-, Swedish efter-. More at after.

Derived terms

English words prefixed with after-

词汇	after-
词根词缀	OED SOED Wiktionary after-in comb. is used in various relations prepositional, adverbial, and adjectival, not always easy to separate, and in various senses. In some of these the combination is very loose, the use of the hyphen being mainly syntactical, i.e. to show that the grammatical relation between after and the following word is something else than the ordinary one of preposition and object. Cf. ‘After consideration I resolved to decline’ and ‘After-consideration has shown me that I was wrong.’ ‘I should know him after years had passed’ with ‘I know not what after-years may bring.’ Otherwise it is unnecessary, as ‘the events of after years.’ See after a.I. General senses in comb. (Words in bold type are treated specially under II., those in small capitals in their alphabetical place.)1. As prep. with n., the whole forming a n. meaning ‘the time after ―’: as afternoon, -dinner, -supper; so *after-church, after-grave, after-sales, after-shave* (also *after-shaving* adj.); also ellipt.: after-shave lotion; *after-sunset, after-tea. Also used attrib., as in after-dinner oratory. See also after-war.1678Butler Hudibr.* iii. ii. 310 The Bride to nothing but her Will, That nulls the After-Marriage still.a1682Sir T. Browne Let. to Friend (1881) 140 Leaving no earnest behind him for corruption or aftergrave.1792Gentleman's Mag. LXII. 24, I wished to accompany Miss Sophia to the after⁓church lecture.1807W. Taylor in Robberds Mem. II. 215 This confinement of my father's takes away my after-teas.1861L. L. Noble After Icebergs 139 All that we anticipated of the sunset, or the after-sunset, is now present.1895Daily News 14 Sept. 5/7 The after-lunch drive was through more lovely country.1905E. Wharton House of Mirth (1906) ii. ix. 430 The noisy after-theatre supper.1906Daily Chron. 4 Jan. 6/7 A severe line is drawn by the ‘after-season sale’ between the masculine and feminine shop.1914J. Collings Colon. Rur. Brit. I. vi. 113 The remainder of the children whose after-school career was traced went into industrial or commercial occupations.1922‘R. Crompton’ More William iv. 69 ‘We di'n't ought to have set off before dinner,’ said the squire with after-the-event wisdom.1939G. Greene Confid. Agent i. ii. 72 The after-office rush was over.1943L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 18 Be small, be mute, you after-midnight tears.1945Amer. Speech XX. 165 The after-shaving lotion may also leave your face feeling ‘softer and smoother’.1946Ibid. XXI. 169 Merchandisers have emphasized terms [of lotions] used in virile, mostly expensive, sports:..Field and Stream After Shave [etc.].Ibid., Ascot After Shave Lotion.1955Times 13 May 6/5 British manufacturers of aircraft and aero-engines are devoting special attention to ‘after-sales’ service.1958P. Mortimer Daddy's Gone A-Hunting v. 27 He still managed to look suave and tidy, to emanate the bitter-sweet smell of money and after-shave.1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. xviii. 377 Their favourite after-dark games.1961Guardian 19 Jan. 9/7 A navy chiffon after-six dress.1962Ibid. 3 Jan. 4/1 An after-ski poncho.1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 203 The popularity of skiing and the after-ski atmosphere.Ibid. 205 After-ski boot.1964F. Bowers Bibliogr. & Textual Criticism ii. iii. 56 This bibliographical after-the-event interpretation of the Folio error.2. As adv. (or prep.) with v., indicating succession in time, or direction in space; as after-date, after-eye, after-go, after-send, and other vbs. common in OE.; also in vbl. derivatives, as after-comer, -coming; after-beer, -liver, etc.1340Ayenb. 58 Makeþ þe efter telleres ofte by yhyea[l]de foles and uor lyeȝeres.3. As adv. with ppl. a.: Subsequently, later in order, as in after-born (OE. æfter-boren). esp. later in a speech or writing: as *after-described, after-mentioned, after-named, after-specified, after-written.1640Bk. of War Committee of Covenanters 2 At the sight of the persones efter-specifit.1687Lond. Gaz. mmccxxi/3 Under the several Conditions, Restrictions, and Limitations after-mentioned.4. As adj.* with n., indicating position = hinder, posterior, a. as in OE. æfter-ráp crupper, after-body, -brain, -breast, -nose, -wrist; *after-part, after-truck, etc. (See after a. 4.)1824W. Irving T. of Trav.* I. 41 The old gentleman had really an afterpart of his story in reserve.1833Marryat Pet. Simple (1863) 45 He was sharpening a long clasp knife upon the after-truck of the gun.b. esp. In nautical lang.: Of or pertaining to the hinder part of the ship, nearer to the stern, as in after-guard; after-cabin, -leech, -oar, -sails, -yards; *after-ship, after-part, after-quarter, etc.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R.* v. iii. (1495) 105 Highte puppis in latyn as it were aftershyppe.1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 167 Right with the maine mast or after-quarter of the shippe.1694Motteux tr. Rabelais iv. xxii. 93 Hall your after⁓misen bowlins.—Hawl, Hawl, Hawl.1769Falconer Dict. Marine s.v. After, The After-Sails usually comprehend all those which are extended on the mizen-mast, and on the stays between the mizen and main-masts. They are opposed to the head-sails.1813Southey Nelson I. i. 28 The Glasgow..was in flames, the steward having set fire to her while stealing rum out of the after-hold.Ibid. iii. 124 He ordered..the driver and after-sails to be brailed up and shivered.1851Melville Moby Dick II. i. 1, Archy..whose post was near the after-hatches.1871Daily News 26 Aug., She has a spacious deck saloon in the afterpart.1883Man. Seamanship for Boys' Training Ships 175 To reeve an after-guy.1897G. du Maurier Martian vii. 318 He made the ladies as comfortable as he could on the after-deck.1898Kipling in Morning Post 11 Nov. 5/1 An Admiral..goes up on the after-bridge.1933J. Masefield Bird of Dawning 209 An open locker against the after-bulkhead caught his eye.Ibid. 211 I've got to..get down into the after-hold.5. As adj. with n. expressing order = subordinate, inferior, remoter, as after-deal, after-kindred, -man, -table, *after-wine. OE. æfter-ealo* small beer.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxxix. (1495) 729 The after-wyne that is wrongen out of grapys.6. As adj. with n. expressing order in time = the latter (of two), second, secondary, following or recurring after the main occurrence: as after-birth, -burden, -clap, -course, -crop, -game, -glow, -grass, -image, -math, -piece, -spring, -thought, -worts; after-banquet, -baptism, -blow, -damp, -eatage, -growth, -mass, -mess, -sum, -winter; so *after-echo, after-gust, after-harvest, after-meal, after-paganism, after-ploughing, after-storm, after-task. OE. had æfter-ᵹyld, -hætu, -sang. (One main stress: ˈaftercrop, ˈafterˌharvest.) See after a. 2.a1600Hooker Serm. on Justif.* §5 The infusion of grace hath her sundrie after-meales.1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 411 An after-harvest of many cares and discontentments.c1619Hieron Wks. 1620 II. 453 Wee are wise inough to put our selues to an after taske.1624Gataker Transubst. 173 His other Arguments are drops of an after-storme.1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 293 Had degenerated therein into a kind of an After-Paganism.1818Cobbett Year's Resid. Amer. (1822) 57 When I have spoken of the after-culture, I shall compare the two methods of sowing.1876Swinburne Lett. (1960) III. 239, I cannot write of it now without feeling bitterly an aftergust or afterglow of that enthusiasm.1885G. Saintsbury Marlborough iv. 54 That aftergust of the plot which blew off the head of Sir John Fenwick.1918D. H. Lawrence New Poems 16 The after-echo of fear.1925O. Jespersen Mankind, Nation & Individual ix. 169 Fear of the naked word, an after-echo of the view held by savage tribes.7. As adv. or adj. with n. of action, with the idea of following not immediately, at length, eventual, ultimate; as after-pain, -reckoning, -wit; after-cast, -proof, -roll, -taste, -treat; so *after-account, after-chance, after-consequence, after-cost, after-fame, after-fruit, after-good, after-grief, after-glory, after-harm, after-infamy, after-loss, after-penitence, after-remedy, after-rottenness, after-settling, after-turn. OE. had æfter-yldo* later age. (One main stress: ˈafter-aˌccount.)1572B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. (1586) 36 b, Not sowed for present necessitie, but for other afterturnes.1590Payne Descr. Irel. (1841) 12 Which now dare not so for fear of after harmes.1596Lodge Marg. Amer. sig. F1, To make your after-good in deede more savourie.1599Fenton Guicciardine xiv. 641 What will be the euent and afterchaunce of things.1612Brinsley Lud. Liter. i. (1627) 4, I trust my after-fruits shall much increase.1707Freind Peterboro's Cond. Spain 58 Such effects..are too often paid for by an after-reckoning.1810Coleridge Friend i. xiv. (1867) 62 The sense of disproportion of a certain after-harm to present gratification.1842H. E. Manning Serm. (1848) I. 170 The shrinking anticipation of its possible after-consequences.1860Froude Hist. Eng. V. xxviii. 393 First the destruction of the Church as a body politic, and then an after-fruit of reaction.1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. x. 393 In the highest phase..there is no after-memory whatever until the next trance comes.1924S. C. Chew (title) Byron in England. His fame and after-fame.1933Mind XLII. 359 The after-influence of each philosopher should be dealt with.1937J. M. Murry Necessity of Pacifism vii. 116 The life and teaching and death and after-influence of Jesus of Nazareth.8. As adj. or adv. with n. of action or adj., expressing, After the event, later, and hence sometimes, late, behindhand; as after-born, -hand, -thought, -wit; after-knowledge, -view, -wise; *after-acceptation, after-agreement, after-breach, after-consideration, after-counsel, after-deliberation, after-design, after-difference, after-engagement, after-inquiry, after-fall, after-meditation, after-pardon, after-speech, after-thrift, after-wrath, etc. (Both words have accent, but the stronger is on after: ˈafter-ˌcounsel.)a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol.* viii. 501 By which means of after-agreement, it cometh many times to pass.1611Shakes. Cymb. v. iv. 189 Iump the after-enquiry on your owne perill.1617Hieron Wks. II. 91 And for the preuenting of their after-falls.1626Bernard Isle of Man (ed. 10) 16 This fellow cannot abid after-meditation.1634Sanderson Serm. II. 305 With God there is no after-counsel, to correct the errors of the former.1644Quarles Sheph. Oracles ix, Give former dispensation; or at least An after Pardon.1692Bentley Boyle Lect. v. 158 These After-considerations are of very little moment.1830Sir J. Herschel Nat. Phil. 77 It is only by after-rumination that we gather its full import.9. As adv. or adj. with n., meaning, Coming or existing afterwards, subsequent; as in *after-act, after-action, after-age, after-beauty, after-friend, after-help, after-king, after-love, after-state, after-wisdom, after-years, and others without limit. Not distinct from after a. 3; the value of the hyphen, which is often omitted, is purely syntactical, and both words have a main accent: ˈafter ˈlife, ˈafter proˈceedings.1591Shakes. Two Gent.* iii. i. 95 Scorne at first makes after⁓loue the more.1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. (1617) Pref., Conference before-hand might haue eased them of much after-trouble.1608Chapman Byron's Trag. i. i, And of his worth, let after ages say.1632Massinger & Field Fatall Dowry iii. sig. H1, Something I must do mine owne wrath to asswage, And note my friendship to an after-age.1640Sanderson Serm. II. 146 He meaneth to build his after-comforts upon a firm base.1646in J. W. Draper Cent. Broadside Elegies (1928) No. 17, p. 37 His fame to after-ages shall Sound out in praise.1655W. Gouge Comm. Hebr. vi. 10 Their former diligence will be..an aggravation of their after-negligence.1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 474 All the importunities and necessities of after-affairs.1680–90Sir W. Temple Ess. Learn. Wks. 1731 I. 297 So renowned in their own and After-ages.1705Hickeringill Priest-Craft ii. i. 9 An After-Statute made by the said King and another Parliament.c1726Garretson Pr. 7 Unless the charitable care of some after-friend supply the defects of former education.1736Carte Life of Ormonde II. 278 But his after-actions did not correspond to these beginnings.1837M. F. Ossoli Wom. in 19th c. (1862) 352 Their memory is with us amid after-trials.1842H. E. Manning Serm. (1848) I. 261 All the after-assaults of spiritual wickedness.1862Lytton Strange Story I. 103 Though after-experience may rebuke the illusion.1955Essays & Studies VIII. 16 Compositors are far more likely than authors to allow after-ages to see their spelling idiosyncrasies.II. Special combinations (with quotations, in alphabetical order). ˈafter-ˌband, a subsequent band or bond after a release; † ˈafter-ˌbanquet, an entertainment following upon a banquet; † ˈafter-ˌbaptism, after-baptizing, adult baptism, anabaptism; ˈafter-beat Mus., (a) a note or tone falling on an upbeat; (b) spec. the last two notes of a trill; † ˈafter-ˌbeer, a successor, one who lives later; † ˈafterˌbeing, post-existence; ˈafter-blow = afterclap; also Metallurgy, a continued period of the blow, after decarbonization is complete, in the basic Bessemer process (cf. blow n.² 4); † ˈafter-ˌbrain, the posterior lobe of the brain, the cerebellum; ˈafter-ˌbreast, name proposed by Kirby and Spence for the metathorax of insects; ˈafter-ˌcabin, the cabin in the after or hinder part of the ship, having superior accommodation; ˈaftercall, ˈafter-ˌcalling, reclamation, a renewed demand; also a calling afterwards; † ˈaftercast, a second or later throw (at dice), an experimental result; ˈafter-Christ, a second Christ; ˈafter-ˌChristian a., having ceased to be Christian; also n.; hence ˌafter-Christiˈanity; ˈafter-cure, convalescence or further treatment taken after a period of treatment; ˈafter-damp, the choke-damp which rises in a mine after an explosion; ˈafter-ˌdate, to assign to a later date, to post-date; ˈafter-disˈcharge, a discharge (esp. of neural impulses) after the initial cause has been removed; ˈafter-drops, drops of rain which continue to fall after the cloud has passed; ˈafter-ˌeatage, the pasture after mowing = after-grass; † after-ˈeye, to follow with the eye, to look after; ˈafterfeed = aftergrass; † ˈafter-frame, superstructure; † ˈafter-ˌgathering, gleaning; also fig.; † ˈafterˌgo, to follow; ˈafter-growth, a subsequent or second growth, an after-math; also growth afterwards; ˈafterheat Nucl. Sci. (see quots. 1957, 1980); † ˈafter-ˌkindred, remote kindred, distant relationship; ˈafter-ˌknowledge, knowledge after the event, retrospective knowledge; ˈafter-ˌleech, the hinder edge (of a sail); ˈafter-ˌliver, survivor; † ˈafter-ˌlodging, that which lodges behind (as coarser flour in the sieve); † ˈafter-man, a follower, a subordinate; aftermarket orig. and chiefly U.S., (a) a market for spare parts and accessories, esp. for motor vehicles; (b) Stock Exchange, a market in shares after their original issue; a secondary market; † ˈafter-ˌmass, the second or later mass, or feastday of a saint; † ˈafterˌmess, dessert, end of a feast; ˈaftermowth (= after-eatage); ˈafter-nose (see quot.); ˈafter-ˌoar, the hinder or rearmost oar of a boat; ˈafter-ˌpasture = after-grass; † ˈafter-proof, outcome, realization; ˈafter-ˌripening (see quots.); ˈafter-roll, the roll of the waves after the subsidence of a storm; also fig.; ˈafter-ˌsails, ‘all those on the after-masts, as well as on the stays between the main and mizen masts’ Adm. Smyth; ˈafter-ˌseason, the latter end of the year; † after-ˈsend, to send after; ˈafter-shine, the radiance that lingers after the sun has gone down, after-glow; also fig.; ˈafter-sight, retrospective view, insight into the past; ˈafter-sound, a subsequent sound; an echo; cf. after-image; ˈafter-ˌsum, the purchase money paid after the deposit, the balance; ˈafter-swarm, a second swarm of bees; † ˈafter-table, an inferior table; † ˈafter-tale, a subsequent reckoning, a correction; ˈafter-taste, a taste which remains or comes after swallowing anything; also fig.; ˈafter-ˌthinker, a reflecter; † aftertime, conj. after that; † ˈafter-treat = after-taste, flavour, relish; ˈafter-view, subsequent view, looking back; † ˈafter-ˌwending, following; ˈafter-ˌwinter, a second winter when spring is looked for, a renewal of winter; ˈafter-ˌwise , wise after the event, wise too late; ˈafterwrist, the metacarpus; † ˈafter-ˌwriting, postscript; ˈafter-ˌyards, Naut. the yards in the main and mizen masts.1667Milton P.L. ix. 761 If death Bind us with after-bands, what profits then Our inward freedom?1577tr. Bullinger's Dec.* (1592) 239 Gluttonie, surfettinges, riotous afterbanquettes, and dronkennesse.1597Warner Albion's Eng.* x. lix. 262 Which After-Banquet did their Lord for onely him prouide.1680W. Allen Peace & Unity 70 The Pædobaptists are as much for water-Baptism as the Anabaptists are, and hold themselves as firmly engaged by their Infant-Baptism, as they do by their after-Baptism.Ibid. 64 While they remain under this perswasion, they can no more lawfully receive an after-baptizing.1625W. L'Isle Du Bartas' Noe 8 How long some of them lived with their forebeers and afterbeers.1908R. Dunstan Cycl. Dict. Mus.* 18/1 After-beat, last two notes of a Trill.1927Melody Maker June 597/3 The rhythmic section should support with a ‘straight’ but well-accented ‘after-beat’ rhythm.Ibid. Sept. 925/2 The stick taps out the second and fourth (or ‘after’) beats on the cymbal, thus accentuating these after-beats.1587Golding De Mornay* vii. 92 A beginninglesse forbeing..inferreth an endlesse afterbeing.1663Butler Hudibr.* i. iii. 740 And they perire, and yet enough Be left to strike an after-blow.1881Encycl. Brit. XIII. 346/1 The elimination of phosphorus..could be very largely effected..this action chiefly taking place during the ‘after blow’.1891Phillips & Prochaska tr. Wedding's Basic Bessemer Process* iv. 104 It is useless to pour off the slag before the after-blow.1899H. S. Bowden Relig. of Shakespeare v. 232 He begs that his dismissal..may be at once..and not come as an after-blow to destroy his only hope.1910H. P. Tiemann Iron & Steel 17 The period before the drop of the flame is called the fore blow, the latter one the after blow.1615Crooke Body of Man 468 They are scituate betweene the forepart of the After⁓braine and backside of the third ventricle.1673in Phil. Trans.* VIII. 6153 As soon as the knife touched the cerebellum or After-brain.1816–43Kirby & Spence Entomol. (1843) II. 254 You will discover in the after-breast (post pectus) a rather deep cavity.1833Marryat Pet. Simple* (1863) 196 Captain To then came out of the after-cabin, half-dressed.1814Wordsworth Excur.* ix. 122 Hence an after⁓call For chastisement, and custody, and bonds.1617Hieron Wks.* II. 92 There are no more after-callings, when He hath once wiped out the score.1393Gower Conf.* (Halliw.) Thus ever he pleyeth an aftircaste Of alle that he schalle say or do.1866Carlyle Reminisc.* ii. 265 The aftercasts of the doctors' futile opiates were generally the worst phenomena.1881G. M. Hopkins Sermons & Dev. Writ. (1959) 100 The Holy Ghost makes of every Christian another Christ, an AfterChrist.1886C. S. Devas Stud. Fam. Life* iii. 274 We cannot alter the past, or be as though England..had never been a Christian country... We must of necessity be either Christian or After-Christian.Ibid., Popular writers of After-Christian France.1911Month Mar. 282 St. Paul's description of the Fore-Christians of his day applies equally to the After-Christians of ours.1906― Key to World's Progress* i. 57 Further details of After-Christianity..are here unnecessary.1901W. James Let.* 6 Aug. in R. B. Perry Tht. & Char. of W. J. (1935) II. 199 We leave here on Saturday..and take the after-cure in the Vosges.1860Mining Gloss. (ed. 2) 48 After-damp, destructive gas (carbonic acid) remaining in the workings after an explosion of fire-damp.1869Echo 29 Mar., Two others were killed by the effects of the after-damp.1800W. Taylor in Month. Mag. X. 223 Perhaps the ambitious fancy of Josephus has after-dated this narrative.1932Dorland & Miller Med. Dict.* (ed. 16) 51/2 After-discharge, a response to stimulation in a sensory nerve which persists after the stimulus has ceased.1941Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 74 After short light exposures..this after-discharge is followed by a short period of complete darkness.1949A. Koestler Insight & Outlook* x. 148 Compare the short refractory period or afterdischarge of nerves.1580Sidney Arcad. iii. 295 Their motions rather seemed the after-drops of a storm, than any matter of great fury.1760R. Burn Eccl. Law* (T.) The aftermowth, or after-eatage, are undoubtedly part of the increase of that same year.1611Shakes. Cymb.* i. iii. 15 Thou should'st haue made him As little as a Crow, or lesse, ere left To after-eye him.1863W. Wing in N. & Q.* iii. IV. 204 The after-feed belonging to the proprietor.1879Standard 28 Apr., Growing Crop of Grass, with afterfeed till Christmas.1653Ashwell Fides Apost.* 41 That foundation, whereon the whole after⁓frame is built.1535Coverdale Jud.* viii. 2 Is not the after⁓gadderynge of Ephraim better then the whole haruest of Abieser?1548Geste Priuee Masse* 78 The worshyppe after⁓goeth them all.1766Goldsm. Vic. W.* vi, I called out my whole family to help at saving an after-growth of hay.1817Coleridge Biogr. Lit.* 106 The mind whom..he has..supplied with the germs of their after-growth.1839Stonehouse Isle of Axholme 62 This vert was the after⁓growth of that great forest.1957Gloss. Terms Nuclear Sci. (Nat. Res. Council, U.S.) 6/2 After-heat, heat resulting from residual activity after a reactor has been shut down.1971Atlantic Monthly June 36 The failures..occurred in the afterheat system of the Oak Ridge Research Reactor.1980Sci. Amer. Mar. 37/2 The ‘afterheat’ that continues to be generated by the decay of radioactive fission products in the fuel rods..amounts to some 200 megawatts immediately after shut-down and decreases gradually over a period of seconds, minutes, days, weeks and ultimately months.1386Chaucer Melib.* 409 [Corp. & Lansd.] Yet nathelesse your kinrede is but after⁓kinrede [3 MSS. a fer kynrede, Harl. and Petw. litel].1656Hobbes Lib. Necess. & Chance* (1841) 430 There is neither fore-knowledge nor after-knowledge in him.1861Goldw. Smith Mod. Hist.* 15 It cannot be answered by distinguishing between foreknowledge and afterknowledge.1769W. Falconer Univ. Dict. Marine Kk. 1 The foremost perpendicular or sloping edge is called the fore leech, and the hindmost the after leech.1834M. Scott Cruise of Midge* (1859) 490 Look how the clear green water..pours out of the afterleech of the sail like a cascade.1595Sidney Def. Poesie (Arb.) 43 The benefit they got, was, that the after-liuers may say, Hæc memini.1641Best Farm. Bks.* (1856) 104 In many places they grinde after-logginges of wheate for theire servants pyes.1625Sanderson 35 Serm.* (1681) 132 A wilful foreman that is made before-hand, and a mess of tame after-men..that dare not think of being wiser than their leader.1940Automotive Industries 1 Jan. 33/2 The ‘automotive aftermarket’, a generic term..to cover the vast market involved in servicing and maintaining America's 30,000,000 motor vehicles [etc.].1965Economist 23 Oct. p. x/2 The independent [car] component industry is still very large. Not only does it have the lion's share of the so-called ‘after market’ for many items but..the vehicle manufacturers make a smaller proportion of their own requirements.1973N.Y. Law Jrnl. 23 July 3/1 [Defrauding] the public by prematurely stopping the sale of the original stock issue, opening an aftermarket, manipulating the price of the stock upward and selling to customers from the firm trading account at or above the artificially high price.1983Austral. Personal Computer Aug. 67/1 The thing that is expected to save computer makers from pricing themselves out of business is the aftermarket for products such as peripherals and software.1984Observer 28 Oct. 29/5 The only real fly in the ointment..is the future of the after-market.1848Petrie tr. Ags. Chron. 102 Nigh the aftermass of St. Mary (8th Sept.).1375Barbour Bruce* xvi. 457 Thai had a felloun eftremess.a1826Kirby & Spence Entomol. (1826) III. 483 A triangular piece below the antennæ and above the nasus..this is the post-nasus or after-nose.1833Marryat Pet. Simple* (1863) 207 Who was seated upon the gunwale close to the after⁓oar.1634Wood New Eng. Prosp.* i. iv. (1865) There is little edish or after-pasture, which may proceede from the late mowing.1630Naunton Fragm. Reg.* (1870) 59 At the age of twenty and upwards, he was much short of his after⁓proof.1867Iowa Agric. Soc. Rep. (1868) 188 To make the wine: gather the fruit with the stems on... Leave for three or four days in a cellar..thus causing after-ripening.1872Vermont Bd. Agric. Rep. 72 Shortly after, begins after-ripening, a chemical change, whereby the starch, abundant in the unripe or green fruit, is transformed into sugar.1935Forestry IX. 30 The need of the embryo for some process of development or ‘after-ripening’ after the seed has been shed.1953Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. i. 11 After-ripening, biochemical or physical changes occurring in seeds..and fruits after harvesting when ripe in the ordinary way.1858Froude Hist. Eng. III. xv. 314 Still heaving..from the after-roll of the insurrection.1663Gerbier Counsel* 28 The setting of the work in the after-season.1596Spenser F.Q.* i. v. 10 To after-send his foe, that him may overtake.1831Carlyle Sart. Res.* (1858) 102 From Suicide a certain after-shine of Christianity withheld me.1647N. Bacon Hist. Disc.* iii. 9 The honour due to great after-sight.a1878G. J. Whyte-Melville In Lena Delta* (1885) iv. 50 Aftersight informed us of much that our foresight had overlooked.1942T. S. Eliot Little Gidding ii. 11 Speech impelled us To purify the dialect of the tribe And urge the mind to aftersight and foresight.1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., After-sound, a subjective sensation of sound which remains after the sound itself has ceased.1957L. Durrell Bitter Lemons* 52 The beadle crashed at the church bell..and then left the silence to echo round us in wing-beats of aftersound.1658Reynolds Lord's Supper iv, Earnest useth to be paid in coyn of the same quality with the whole aftersum.1681W[orlidge] Syst. Agric.* 189 The signs of After-swarms are more certain.1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., The after-swarms differ from the prime, in that the latter are directed by the vulgar or the crowd of bees.1645Rutherford Tryal of Faith* (1845) 266 Here is a high table and bread; and a by-board, or an after-table.c1300Beket 627 On this Chartre sette here Seles? that non Aftertale nere.1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 45 They leave a bitter unpleasant after⁓taste in the mouth.1849C. Brontë Shirley* II. viii. 201 It was the aftertaste of the battle.1846Grote Greece I. i. iii. 102 Promêtheus and Epimêtheus the fore-thinker and the after-thinker.c1488Lib. Nig. Edw. IV in Househ. Ord.* 1790, 34 Aftertyme viii of these knyghtes be departed from court.1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv.* To Reader, The after treat will be none of the sweetest.1693Leighton On 1 Pet.* iii. 11 They that know it in the sense of this after-view..ask them what they think of it.1800Coleridge tr. Schiller's Death of Wallenst.* pref., The feelings that arise from an afterview of the original.1951L. MacNeice tr. Goethe's Faust* ii. ii. 204 The afterview of that sorrowful fearful night.c1300K. Alis. 7280 They trussen alle in the dawenyng, And makith swithe after-wendyng.1601Holland Pliny* xviii. xxv, Putting us in good hope, that al cold weather was gone: howbeit, there ensued a most bitter after-winter.a1719Addison (T.) These are such as we may call the afterwise.1615Crooke Body of Man 917 Ligaments..ioyne the bones of the After-wrest to the wrest.1656W. Dugard Gate of Lat. unlocked* §222. 61 The wrist [hath] eight [bones]; the after-wrist four.1598Florio, Posto scritta, a post-script, or after-writing of a letter, a subscription.1795Nelson in Nicolas Disp.* (1845) II. 13 Braced up our after-yards, put the helm a-port, and stood after her again. after- /ˈɑ:ftə/ combining form. OE. ORIGIN: after adverb & preposition, adjective. Forming combs., fixed or transitory, with nouns, adjectives, and verbs, in various relations and senses, as ‘rear’, ‘subsequent(ly)’, ‘eventual(ly)’, ‘subordinate(ly)’. after-born adjective born after one's father's death or last will; younger.after-burden^†= afterbirth.afterburner a fitment for burning extra fuel in the exhaust of a jet engine as a means of increasing thrust.afterburning the action or use of an afterburner.after-burthen^†= afterbirth.aftercare attention given after a stay in hospital, prison, etc.afterclap an unexpected stroke after the recipient has ceased to be on his or her guard; a surprise happening after a matter is supposed to be at an end.aftercomer a successor; in pl., posterity.after-course (a)^†a later course at dinner; (b) a subsequent course.aftercrop a second crop in one season.afterdamp (gas rich in) carbon monoxide occurring in a mine after an explosion.after-days later or subsequent days.afterdeck an open deck towards the stern of a ship.after-effect an effect that follows after an interval or after the primary action of something.after-game a second game played to improve on the result of the first; a new plan to meet an unforeseen development.afterglow a glow (lit. or fig.) that remains after the removal or disappearance of its source.aftergrass = aftermath 1.after-growth (a) = aftermath 1; (b) growth afterwards.after-guard Nautical on a sailing ship, the men stationed on the quarterdeck and poop to work the sails aft of the mainmast.after-image an impression of a vivid (esp. visual) sensation retained after the cause has been withdrawn.after-knowledge knowledge after the event.afterlife life at a later time or after death.afterlight an afterglow; hindsight.aftermarket (a) a market for spare parts and components; (b) a market in shares after their original issue.after-pain a pain which follows later; spec. in pl., uterine contractions occurring after childbirth.after-party a party held after another event, esp. a concert or another party.afterpiece hist. a farce or other short piece after a play; fig. a subsequent dramatic event.after-reckoning a subsequent or final account.after-sensation an after-image (less commonly visual).aftershave adjective & noun (a lotion) for use after shaving.aftershock a lesser shock following the main shock of an earthquake.aftersight hindsight.aftertaste a taste remaining or recurring after eating or drinking.afterthought something that is thought of or added later.after-time(s) a later or future time.aftertouch Music the resonant effect produced when a pianist sustains the pressure on a key after striking it; (the facility provided by) a programmable device for reproducing this on an electronic keyboard etc.after-wit arch. wisdom after the event.afterword a concluding comment in a book, esp. by a person other than the author.afterworld the world later in time; a world after death.after-wort^†Brewing the second run of beer.after-years later years, years to come. after- Prefix rare or no longer productive* With contrary, subordinate, or remote effect; denoting hindrance, set-back, inferiority, etc. afterdeal, aftertale With adverbial or adjectival effect, forming compound words indicating something that comes afterwards in spacial position or time. With prepositional effect, forming compound words denoting something which follows the second element of the compound. Etymology From after (adverb and preposition), and also continuing Middle English after-, efter-, æfter-, from Old English æfter- (“after, behind, against”). Cognate with Scots efter-, West Frisian efter-, German after-, Dutch achter-, Swedish efter-. More at after. Derived terms ► English words prefixed with after-
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