-ee 1
suff.（后缀）
语源
用法
-ee 2
suff.（后缀）
语源
suff.（后缀）
- One that receives or benefits from a specified action:
动作的承受者：特定动作的承受者或受益者：
addressee.
收信人 - One that possesses a specified thing:
某物的拥有者：
mortgagee.
抵押人 - One that performs a specified action:
实行某一行为的人：
absentee.
缺席者
语源
- Middle English
中古英语 - from Anglo-Norman -e, -ee [past participle suff.]
源自 英法语 -e, -ee [后缀，表“过去完成式”] - from Latin -ātus * see -ate 1
源自 拉丁语 -ātus *参见 -ate1
用法
- Reflecting its origins in the French passive participle ending-é (feminine -ée ), the suffix-ee was first used in English to refer to indirect objects and then direct objects of transitive verbs,particularly in legal contexts (as indonee, lessee, or trustee ) and military and political jargon ( draftee, trainee, or nominee ). Beginning around the mid-19th century,primarily in American English,it was often extended to denote the agent or subject of an intransitive verb;for example,standee, returnee, or attendee. Although the pattern is very commonand a number of these coinages,such ashonoree, deportee, and escapee, have become widely accepted, in generalthey retain an informal character as jocular nonce words.
反应出该词缀源自法语过去完成式的词尾-e （阴性 -ee ）。 后缀-ee 起先用于英语中是指间接宾语， 后来才指及物动词的直接宾语，特别在法律用语中（如donee,lessee 或 trustee ）及军事、政治用语( draftee,trainee 或 nominee )。 从19世纪中叶左右开始，主要在美国英语中，该词常被扩展成表示不及物动词的施事者或主体，如：standee,returnee 或 attendee。 尽管这种类型是非常普遍的，并且大量的这种新造词，如honoree,deportee 及 escapee 都已被广泛接受， 但一般来讲，这些词仍带有非正式色彩的作为玩笑式的临时生造词
-ee 2
suff.（后缀）
- One resembling:
与某物（人）相象：
goatee.
山羊胡子 - A particular, especially a diminutive kind of:
特指小型的：特殊种类，尤指小型的：
bootee.
幼儿无线鞋 - One connected with:
与…有关：
bargee.
驳船上的船员
语源
- Variant of -y 1
-y1的变体
-ee
suffix forming nouns
indicating a person who is the recipient of an action (as opposed, esp in legal terminology, to the agent, indicated by -or or -er)
⇒
assignee
⇒
grantee
⇒
lessee
indicating a person in a specified state or condition
⇒
absentee
⇒
employee
indicating a diminutive form of something
⇒
bootee
Origin
via Old French -e, -ee, past participial endings, from Latin -ātus, -āta -ate1-ee
Word Origin
1
a suffix forming from transitive verbs nouns which denote a person who is the object or beneficiary of the act specified by the verb (addressee; employee; grantee); recent formations now also mark the performer of an act, with the base being an intransitive verb (escapee; returnee; standee) or, less frequently, a transitive verb (attendee) or another part of speech (absentee; refugee).
Origin
< French -é, (masculine), -ée (feminine), past participle endings < Latin -ātus, -āta -ate1
-eeI.
a suffix of nouns often denoting someone who is the object of some action, or who undergoes or receives something, as in assignee, donee, employee, which may be opposed to an agentive noun, as in assigner, donor, employer. However, examples such as absentee, retiree, and escapee show that -ee words may themselves be agentive in meaning.
[French -é, past participle ending, from Latin -ātus -ate1]Usage: This suffix is used in an increasing number of formations, many American in origin, such as mentee 'one under the tutelage of a mentor', awardee 'one to whom an award is made', including some with an active rather than passive sense, such as attendee and even standee.
II.
a suffix used in literary imitations of Chinese and other Asian pidgin English, usually added indiscriminately to nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc.: ◆ * "Horsee no pullee", Wing says. "You crackee whipee, Georgie, make horsee pullee." –keith garvey, 1981.
-ee
noun suffix
appointee
grantee
2. person furnished with (a specified thing)
patentee
3. person that performs (a specified action)
escapee
noun suffix
bargee
2. a particular especially small kind of
bootee
3. one resembling or suggestive of
goatee
| I |
ETYMOLOGY Middle English -e, from Anglo-French -é, from -é, past participle ending, from Latin -atus
1. recipient or beneficiary of (a specified action)appointee
grantee
2. person furnished with (a specified thing)
patentee
3. person that performs (a specified action)
escapee
| II |
ETYMOLOGY probably alteration of -y
1. one associated withbargee
2. a particular especially small kind of
bootee
3. one resembling or suggestive of
goatee
-ee
suffix
forming nouns ［构成名词］
1.
- denoting the person affected directly or indirectly by the action of the formative verb表示“（直接或间接的）受动者”：
-
employee
lessee.
2.
- denoting a person described as or concerned with表示“被描述为…的人”; “与…有关的人”：
-
absentee
patentee.
3.
- denoting an object of relatively smaller size表示“相对较小的东西”：
-
bootee.
词源
from Anglo-Norman French -é, from Latin -atus （past participial ending）. Some forms are anglicized modern French nouns （e.g. refugee from réfugié.）.
-ee
word-forming element in legal English (and in imitation of it), representing the Anglo-French -é ending of past participles used as nouns. As these sometimes were coupled with agent nouns in -or, the two suffixes came to be used as a pair to denote the initiator and the recipient of an action.
-ee
person associated or furnished with something:
person associated or furnished with something:
trustee, interviewee, escapee, goatee, loanee
1
ORIGIN: from or after Anglo-Norman -é pa. ppl suffix from Latin -atus -ate 2
2
ORIGIN: Origin unkn.
☞ ee
-ee
I.\(|)ē\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -e, from Middle French -é, from Old French, from -é, past participle ending of some verbs, from Latin -atus, past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs — more at -ate (adjective suffix)
1. : animate and usually human undergoer, recipient, or beneficiary of (a specified action)
< appointee >
< draftee >
< grantee >
< trainee >
< trustee >
2. : person furnished with (a specified thing)
< patentee >
3. : person that performs (a specified action)
< escapee >
< standee >
II.noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: probably alteration of -ie
1. : one associated with
< bargee >
< goalee >
< townee >
2. : a particular especially small kind of
< bootee >
< coatee >
3. : one resembling or suggestive of
< goatee >
I.
1.
< appointee >
< draftee >
< grantee >
< trainee >
< trustee >
2.
< patentee >
3.
< escapee >
< standee >
II.
1.
< bargee >
< goalee >
< townee >
2.
< bootee >
< coatee >
3.
< goatee >
-ee 1
Suffix
- Added to verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the object of that verb (ie, to whom or to which an action is done).
- examinee
- interviewee
- trainee
- employee
- Less commonly added to verbs to form words meaning a person or thing that is the subject of that verb (ie, who or that does an action), especially where a passive sense of the verb is implied.
- absentee
- standee
- respondee
- law Used to form words meaning a person who is the other party to a contract involving a person described by the corresponding word ending in -or
- legatee
- medicine Used to form words meaning a person who has undergone a particular medical procedure
- laryngectomee
- Irregularly added to nouns to mean a person somehow associated with the object denoted by the noun.
- bargee
- tenderee
Etymology
Anglo-Norman and Old French -ee, French -é, -ée, endings forming past participle of verbs ending in -er.
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
English words suffixed with -ee
-ee 2
Suffix
- Used to form diminutives.
- bootee
Etymology
Perhaps a variation on -ie and -y[1]
Derived terms
References
- ^ T.F. Hoad, Concise Dictionary of English Etymology, ISBN 978-0-19-283098-2; headword -ee
后缀：-ee [名词后缀]
1、表示人
（a）被动者
employee 被雇者，雇员，雇工
trainee 受训练的人
appointee 被任命者
electee 被选出者
callee 被呼唤者
invitee 被邀请乾
bombee 被轰炸的人
testee 被测验者
expellee 被驱逐者
examinee 接受考试者
tailee 被尾随者
payee 被付给者
interviewee 被接见者
detainee 被拘留者
deportee 被驱逐出境者
indictee 被告
trustee 被信托者
rejectee 被拒绝者
awardee 受奖者
（b）主动者
meetee 参加会议者
devotee 献身者
absentee 缺席者
retiree 退休者
escapee 逃亡者，逃犯，逃俘
standee （剧院中）站票看客，（车、船中）站立乘客
refugee 难民，逃难者
embarkee 上船者
returnee 归来者
conferee 参加商谈者
（c）不含主动或被动意义者
townee 城里人，市民
grandee 要人，显贵
2、表示物
coatee 紧身上衣
settee 有靠背的椅子
vestee 背心形的衣服
bootee 轻便短统女靴
goatee 山羊胡子
词根词缀：-ee
【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; a person who; a thing which
【同源单词】appointee, devotee, divorcee, draftee, employee, nominee