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词汇 -ed
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-ed 1
suff.（后缀）
  1. Used to form the past tense of regular verbs:
    用来构成规则动词的过去式：
    tasted.
    品尝过

语源
  1. Middle English -ede
    中古英语 -ede
  2. from Old English -ade, -ede, -ode
    源自 古英语 -ade, -ede, -ode
-ed 2
suff.（后缀）
  1. Used to form the past participle of regular verbs:
    用来构成规则动词的过去分词：
    absorbed.
    已吸收

语源
  1. Middle English
    中古英语
  2. from Old English -ad, -ed, -od
    源自 古英语 -ad, -ed, -od
-ed 3
suff.（后缀）
  1. Having; characterized by; resembling:
    有…的；以…为特征的；类似…的：
    blackhearted.
    黑心的

语源
  1. Middle English -ede, -de
    中古英语 -ede, -de
  2. from Old English -ed, -od
    源自 古英语 -ed, -od

-ed1

suffix

forming the past tense of most English verbs

Origin

Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade

-ed2

suffix

forming the past participle of most English verbs

Origin

Old English -ed, -od, -ad

-ed3

suffix forming adjectives

possessing or having the characteristics of
⇒ salaried; red-blooded

Origin

Old English -ede

-ed1

Word Origin
1
a suffix forming the past tense of weak verbs:
he crossed the river.
Origin
Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade; orig. disputed

-ed2

1
a suffix forming the past participle of weak verbs (he had crossed the river), and of participial adjectives indicating a condition or quality resulting from the action of the verb (inflated balloons).
Origin
Old English -ed, -od, -ad; orig. disputed

-ed3

1
a suffix forming adjectives from nouns:
bearded; monied; tender-hearted.
Origin
Middle English; Old English -ede
-edI.
a suffix forming the past tense, as in I crossed the river.
Compare -t. [Middle English, Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade]
II.
a suffix forming:
1. past participles, as in I had crossed the river. Compare -t.
2. participial adjectives, indicating a condition or quality resulting from the action of the verb, as in crossed wires.
[Middle English, Old English -ed, -od, -ad]
III.
a suffix serving to form adjectives from nouns, as in bearded, moneyed, tender-hearted.
[Middle English, Old English -ede]
-ed
I
\\\\d after a vowel or b, g, j, l, m, n, ŋ, r, th, v, z, or zh; əd, id after d or t; t after other sounds; exceptions are pronounced at their entries\\\\ verb suffix or adjective suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Old English -ed, -od, -ad; akin to Old High German -t, past participle ending, Latin -tus, Greek -tos, suffix forming verbals
1. — used to form the past participle of regular weak verbs
    ended
    faded
    tried
    patted
2. — used to form adjectives of identical meaning from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate
    crenulated
3.
  a. having : characterized by
      cultured
      two-legged
  b. having the characteristics of
      bigoted

II
verb suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English -ede, -de, from Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade; akin to Old High German -ta, past ending (1st singular) and probably to Old High German -t, past participle ending
— used to form the past tense of regular weak verbs
    judged
    denied
    dropped
-ed1
/ɪd/  
suffix
forming adjectives ［构成形容词］
1.
(added to nouns) having; possessing; affected by
［加在名词后］表示“有…的”; “受…影响的”：

talented

diseased.

■  (added to nouns) characteristic of
［加在名词后］“具有…特征的”：

ragged.

2.
from phrases consisting of adjective and noun
［构成由形容词加名词组成的短语］：

bad-tempered

three-sided.

词源
Old English -ede.
-ed2
/ɪd/  
suffix
forming：
1.
the past tense and past participle of weak verbs
［构成规则动词的过去式或过去分词］：

landed

walked.

2.
participial adjectives
［构成分词形容词］：

wounded.

词源
Old English -ed, -ad, -od.
▪ I.-ed, suffix1the formative of the pa. pple. of wk. vbs., had in OE. the forms -ed, -ad, -od (-ud), where the vowel represents (though not with uniform consistency) the thematic suffix characteristic of the class to which the vb. belongs; the ppl. suffix proper being -d:—OTeut. -đo-:—OAryan -tó-; cf. Gr. vbl. adjs. in -τός, and L. pples. in -tus. In some OE. vbs. the suffix is added immediately to the root-syllable, and therefore appears without preceding vowel as -d, or after a voiceless cons. as -t; e.g. in seald sold, f. sęllan to sell, boht bought, f. bycᵹan to buy. In ME. the several vowelled forms of the suffix (where they were not contracted) were levelled to -ed (-id, -yd), and this -ed is in most cases still retained in writing, although the pronunc. is now normally vowelless (d), or after voiceless cons. (t), as in robed |rəʊbd|, hoped |həʊpt|. The full pronunc. |ɪd| regularly occurs in ordinary speech only in the endings -ted, -ded; but it is frequently required by the metre of verse, and is still often used in the public reading of the Bible and the Liturgy. A few words, such as blessed, cursed, beloved, which are familiar chiefly in religious use, have escaped the general tendency to contraction when used as adjs.; and the adjectival use of learned is distinguished by its pronunc. |ˈlɜːnɪd| from its use as simple pple. |lɜːnd|. From 16th to 18th c. the suffix, when following a voiceless cons. (preceded by a cons. or a short vowel), was often written -t, in accordance with the pronunc., as in jumpt, whipt, stept. This is still practised by some writers, but is not now in general use. Where, however, a long vowel in the vb.-stem is shortened in the pple., as in crept, slept, the spelling with -t is universal. Some pples. have a twofold spelling, according as the vowel is shortened or not in pronunc.; e.g. leapt |lɛpt|, and leaped |liːpt|.In several other classes of instances the -ed of early ME. has undergone subsequent contraction (in the inflected forms, however, this process had already begun in OE.): e.g. the endings -ded, -ted became -d(d, -t(t, as in bled(d, mod. bled, for OE. bléded (see bleed v.), set(t, mod. set, for OE. sęted (see set v.1); after l, n, r, the ending -ded has often become -t, as in gilt, sent, girt; and in certain cases l, m, n at the end of a verb-stem cause the suffix -ed to become -t, as in spilt, unkempt, burnt. These contractions occur only in the older words of the language, and many of the words in which they are found have parallel forms without contraction, in most cases with some difference of meaning or use. The Sc. form of -ed is -it, with which cf. such early ME. forms as i-nempnet named, i-crunet crowned, though these belong chiefly to extreme southern dialects.2. The suffix was (chiefly in 15th, 16th, and 17th c.) added to adapted forms of L. pples., the intention being to assimilate these words in form to the native words which they resembled in function; e.g. acquisited, situated, versed (sine). Similarly, the ppl. adjs. in -ate, ad. L. -ātus, common in mod. scientific nomenclature, have usually parallel forms in -ated, without difference in meaning; e.g. bipinnate(d), dentate(d).3. It is possible that some of the adjs. formed by the addition of -ed to ns. may be examples of this suffix rather than of -ed2. The apparent instances of this which can be traced back to OE., however, are found to belong to the latter.▪ II.-ed, suffix2OE. -ede = OS. -ôdi (not represented elsewhere in Teut., though ON. had adjs. similarly f. ns., with ppl. form and i- umlaut, as eygðr eyed, hynrdr horned):—OTeut. type -ôđjo-, is appended to ns. in order to form adjs. connoting the possession or the presence of the attribute or thing expressed by the n. The function of the suffix is thus identical with that of the Lat. ppl. suffix -tus as used in caudātus tailed, aurītus eared, etc.; and it is possible that the Teut. -ôđjo- may originally have been f. -ôđo- (see -ed1), the suffix of pa. pples. of vbs. in -ôjan formed upon ns. In mod.Eng., and even in ME., the form affords no means of distinguishing between the genuine examples of this suffix and those ppl. adjs. in -ed1 which are ultimately f. ns. through unrecorded vbs. Examples that have come down from OE. are ringed:—OE. hringede, hooked:—OE. hócede, etc. The suffix is now added without restriction to any n. from which it is desired to form an adj. with the sense ‘possessing, provided with, characterized by’ (something); e.g. in toothed, booted, wooded, moneyed, cultured, diseased, jaundiced, etc., and in parasynthetic derivatives, as dark-eyed, seven-hilled, leather-aproned, etc. In bigoted, crabbed, dogged, the suffix has a vaguer meaning. (Groundless objections have been made to the use of such words by writers ignorant of the history of the language: see quot.) In pronunciation this suffix follows the same rules as -ed1.1779Johnson Gray Wks. IV. 302 There has of late arisen a practice of giving to adjectives derived from substantives, the termination of participles: such as the ‘cultured’ plain..but I was sorry to see in the lines of a scholar like Gray, the ‘honied’ spring.1832Coleridge Table-T. (1836) 171, I regret to see that vile and barbarous vocable talented..The formation of a participle passive from a noun is a licence that nothing but a very peculiar felicity can excuse.
-ed
past participle suffix of weak verbs, from Old English -ed, -ad, -od (leveled to -ed in Middle English), from Proto-Germanic *-da- (cognates: Old High German -ta, German -t, Old Norse -þa, Gothic -da, -þs), from PIE *-to-, "suffix forming adjectives marking the accomplishment of the notion of the base" [Watkins] (cognates: Sanskrit -tah, Greek -tos, Latin -tus; see -th(1)).
Originally fully pronounced, as still in beloved (which, with blessed, accursed, and a few others retains the full pronunciation through liturgical readings). In Old English already first and third person singular past tense forms of some "weak" verbs was -te, a variant of -de (see -ed), often accompanied by a change in vowel sound (as in modern keep/kept, sleep/slept). A tendency to shorten final consonants has left English with many past tense forms spelled in -ed but pronounced "-t." In some older words both forms exist, with different shades of meaning, as in gilded/gilt, burned/burnt.
-ed

1. [Adjective] having the quality or characteristics of:
winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered
2. [Verb] past tense:
dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced
1. suffix1 | 2. suffix2
 1 
-ed /d, ɪd, t, (see below)/ suffix1. Also -d, -'d, (see below). See also -t3. OE.
ORIGIN: Old English -ed, -ad, -od (-ud), -d repr. Germanic ppl suffix from Indo-European.
Forming the pa. t. & pple of weak verbs; also ppl adjectives having the same form as such pa. pples, with senses (of verb trans.) ‘that has been subject to the verbal action, that expresses subjection to the verbal action’, (of verb intrans.) ‘that has performed the verbal action, that habitually performs the verbal action in the stated manner.’ In the 15–17 cents. often added without change of meaning to adapted forms of Latin pa. pples and ppl adjectives in -ate2. Cf. -en6.
 NOTE  Mod. English usage is as follows: (i) Pronunciation /ɪd/ after /t/, /d/, and after other consonants in some ppl adjectives and derived adverbs in general use, more widely in arch. and poet. use. Orthographic representation -ed, in arch. and poet. use sometimes -èd. Examples: folded, listed, blessed (ppl adjective), learned (ppl adjective), advisedly, markedly, hornèd (arch. & poet.). (ii) Pronunciation /t/ after voiceless consonants other than /t/, except in some ppl adjectives etc. (see (i) above). Orthographic representation -d after -e, otherwise -ed; after a shortened vowel, in some irreg. forms, and in arch. and poet. use also -t. Cf. -t3. Examples: baked, peeped, pushed, crept, slept, bought (irreg.), blest (arch. & poet.), wrapt (arch. & poet.). (iii) Pronunciation /d/ after voiced consonants other than /d/, except in some ppl adjectives etc. (see (i) above), and after vowels. Orthographic representation -d after -e and after -l in some irreg. forms, otherwise -ed, also 'd after -a and more widely in arch. and poet. use. Examples: inclined, refereed, carried, cried, sold (irreg.), absorbed, rigged, seemed, hallowed, huzzaed or huzza'd, climb'd (arch. & poet.).
 2 
-ed /d, ɪd, t (as prec.)/ suffix2. Also -d, 'd, (as prec.). OE.
ORIGIN: Old English -ede = Old Saxon -ôdi, from Germanic.
Forming adjectives from nouns with the senses ‘possessing, provided with, characterized by’, as bearded, moneyed, jaundiced, ‘having the character of’, as bigoted, dogged. Used freely to form adjectives from collocation of adjective & noun, as quick-witted, three-cornered, good-humoured.
-ed ⇒ Main Entry: suffix
-ed1
a suffix that forms the past tense of many verbs, as in wanted, edged, tried, dropped.
[Old English -de, -ede, -ade, -ode]
UsageAfter t and d, -ed is pronounced as id: wanted, faded; after voiceless consonants (except t) it is pronounced as t: dressed, washed; after vowels and voiced consonants (except d) it is pronounced as d: vowed, lagged.
-ed2
suffix.
forming the past participle of many verbs, as in has echoed.
forming adjectives from nouns with various meanings:
a having _____: Long-legged = having long legs.
b having the characteristics of _____: Bigoted = having the characteristics of a bigot.
[Old English -d, -ed, -ad, -od]
UsageSee -ed1 for usage note.
ed.
a edited.
b edition.
c editor.
educated.
ED (no periods)
Education Department (the U.S. Department of Education):
Some 60 percent of ED’s assistant secretaries and other top officials are women and minorities (New York Times).
effective dose (of a drug or medicine).
-ed
I. \d after infinitive forms ending in a vowel or in b, g, j, ŋ, th, v, z, zh, or r (r in such position is usually regarded as a vowel); t after infinitive forms ending in ch, f, k, p, s, sh, or th; ə̇d sometimes (ˌ)ed after infinitive forms ending in d or t; after a few infinitives ending in l, m, or n, the pronunciation d is alternative to t and the spelling -ed to -t (dwell, kneel, spell, dream, burn, lean, learn); some forms that are -d or -t when used as verbs are alternatively, sometimes only, -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed when used as adjectives (blessed, cursed, forked, striped, learned); adjectivally used forms in which -ed (often written -èd) follows infinitival terminals other than d and t are sometimes -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed in poetry for the sake of the meter; -ed forms that are regularly -d or -t are often alternatively -ə̇d or -(ˌ)ed when -ly or -ness is added, the tendency to the latter pronunciations being in general in proportion to the difficulty of the consonantal cluster of which l or n is the final member\ verb suffix or adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English, from Old English -ed, -od, -ad, from -e-, -o-, -a- (thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs) + -d, past participle ending of weak verbs; akin to Old High German -t, past participle ending of weak verbs, Old Norse -thr, Gothic -ths, Latin -tus, past participle ending, Greek -tos, suffix forming verbal adjectives, Sanskrit -ta, past participle ending
1. — used to form the past participle of regular weak verbs
 < ended >
 < followed >
 < dressed >
regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word
 < faded >
change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i
 < tried >
or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel
 < patted >
2. — used to form adjectives of identical or nearly identical meaning from Latin-derived adjectives ending in -ate
 < crenulated >
 < pinnated >
3.
 a. : having : provided or furnished with : characterized by — in adjectives formed from nouns
  < balconied >
  < cultured >
  < moneyed >
  < winged >
  or from combinations having a noun as final constituent
  < two-legged >
  < deep-chested >
  < three-storied >
 b. : having the characteristics of — in adjectives formed from nouns
  < bigoted >
  < dogged >
II. verb suffix
Etymology: Middle English -ede, -de, from Old English -de, -ede, -ode, -ade, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs, from -e-, -o-, -a- (thematic vowels of various classes of weak verbs) + -de, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs; akin to Old High German -ta, past ending (1st person singular indicative) of weak verbs, Old Norse -tha, Gothic -da, and probably to Old English -d, past participle ending of weak verbs
— used to form the past tense of regular weak verbs; regularly accompanied by coalescence with final e of the base word
 < judged >
change of final postconsonantal y of the base word to i
 < denied >
or doubling of the final consonant of the base word immediately after a short stressed vowel
 < dropped >

-ed 1
  • -d (now standard only after -e)
  • -'d (chiefly poetry)
  • -èd (chiefly poetry)

  • (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
  • (after a vowel or a voiced consonant other than a /d/) enPR: d, IPA: /d/
  • (after a voiceless consonant other than a /t/) enPR: t, IPA: /t/
  • (after a /d/ or /t/) same as below
  • (other denominal adjectives):
  • (UK) enPR: ĭd, IPA: /ɪd/
  • (US) enPR: ĭd, IPA: /ɪd/ or enPR: əd, IPA: /əd/
  • (Australia) enPR: əd, IPA: /əd/

    • Suffix

    1. Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
      pointed (as in He pointed at the dog.)

    Etymology

    From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun.

    -ed 2

    Suffix

    1. Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
      pointed (as in He has pointed at the dog.)

    Etymology

    From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz.

    -ed 3

    Suffix

    1. Used to form adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
      pointed (as in A needle has a pointed end. - the end of a needle has a point.)
      horned (as in a horned antelope - an antelope possessing horns)
    2. As an extension of the above, when used along with an adjective preceding the noun, describes something that has an object of a particular quality.
      red-haired (having red hair)
      left-handed (having a left hand as more dexterous hand)

    Etymology

    From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Compare also Latin -ātus.

    Antonyms

  • -less

    • See also

  • -t
  • -ing

    • 后缀：-ed [形容词后缀]

    1、加在名词之后，表示“有...的”、“如...的”、“...的”

    coloured 有色的

    booted 穿靴的

    moneyed 有钱的

    dark-haired 黑发的

    gifted 有天才的

    kinde-hearted 好心的

    talented 有才能的

    conditioned 有条件的

    haried 有毛发的

    privileged 有特权的

    winged 有翅的

    skilled 熟练的

    beared 有胡须的

    balconied 有阳台的

    aged 年老的，...岁的

    horned 有角的

    2、加在动词之后，表示“已...的”、“被...的”、“...了的”

    failed 已失败的

    fixed 被固定的

    liberated 解放了的

    determined 已决定了的

    retired 已退休的

    extended 扩展了的

    condensed 缩短了的

    confirmed 被证实了的

    educated 受过教育的

    returned 已归来的

    married 已婚的

    condemned 定了罪的

    restreicted 受限制的

    considered 考虑过的

    closed 关闭了的

    oiled 上了油的

    finished 完成了的

    wounded 受了伤的
    随便看

    　

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