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词汇 -or
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-or 1
suff.（后缀）
  1. One that performs a specified action:
    做某一种特定事情的人或物：
    accelerator.
    加速器

语源
  1. Middle English -or, -our
    中古英语 -or, -our
  2. from Old French -eor, -eur
    源自 古法语 -eor, -eur
  3. Anglo-Norman -our, -ur
    英法语 -our, -ur
  4. all from Latin -or -ōr-
    都源自 拉丁语 -or -ōr-
-or 2
suff.（后缀）
  1. State; quality; activity:
    地位；品质；活动：
    valor.
    勇敢

语源
  1. Middle English -our
    中古英语 -our
  2. from Old French -eur
    源自 古法语 -eur
  3. from Latin -or -ōr-
    源自 拉丁语 -or -ōr-

-or1

suffix forming nouns

a person or thing that does what is expressed by the verb
⇒ actor
⇒ conductor
⇒ generator
⇒ sailor

Origin

via Old French -eur, -eor, from Latin -or or -ātor

-or2

suffix forming nouns

indicating state, condition, or activity
⇒ terror
⇒ error
the US spelling of -our

-or1

Word Origin
1
a suffix occurring in loanwords from Latin, directly or through Anglo-French, usually denoting a condition or property of things or persons, sometimes corresponding to qualitative adjectives ending in -id4, (ardor; honor; horror; liquor; pallor; squalor; torpor; tremor); a few other words that originally ended in different suffixes have been assimilated to this group (behavior; demeanor; glamour).
Origin
< Latin; in some cases continuing Middle English -our < Anglo-French, Old French < Latin -ōr-, stem of -or, earlier -os
Usage note

While the -or spelling of the suffix -or1 is characteristic of American English, there are occasional exceptions, as in advertising copy, where spellings such as colour and favour seek to suggest the allure and exclusiveness of a product. The spelling glamour is somewhat more common than glamor—not actually an instance of -or1, but conformed to it orthographically in the course of the word's history. In British English -our is still the spelling in most widespread use, -or being commonly retained when certain suffixes are added, as in coloration, honorary, honorific, laborious, odoriferous. The English of the Southern Hemisphere (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa) tends to mirror British practice, whereas Canadian English shares with the U.S. a preference for -or but with -our spellings as freely used variants.

The suffix -or2 is now spelled -or in all forms of English, with the exception of the word savior, often spelled saviour in the U.S. as well as in Britain, especially with reference to Jesus.

-or2

1
a suffix forming animate or inanimate agent nouns, occurring originally in loanwords from Anglo-French (debtor; lessor; tailor; traitor); it now functions in English as an orthographic variant of -er1, usually joined to bases of Latin origin, in imitation of borrowed Latin words containing the suffix -tor, (and its alternant -sor). The association with Latinate vocabulary may impart a learned look to the resultant formations, which often denote machines or other less tangible entities which behave in an agentlike way: descriptor; plexor; projector; repressor; sensor; tractor.
Origin
Middle English < Anglo-French, Old French -o(u)r < Latin -ōr-, stem of -or, extracted from -tōr -tor by construing the t as the ending of the past participle (hence Latin factor maker, equivalent to fac(ere) to make + -tor, was analyzed as fact(us), past participle of facere + -or); merged with Anglo-French, Old French -ëo(u)r < Latin -ātōr- -ator; cf. -eur
-orI.
1. a suffix of nouns denoting a state or condition, a quality or property, etc., as in error, terror.
2. an alternative of -our, as in color, odor, etc.
[Latin]
II.
a suffix of nouns denoting someone who or something that does something, or has some particular function or office, as in actor, confessor, creditor, distributor, elevator, emperor, governor, juror, refractor, tailor, traitor. This suffix occurs chiefly in nouns originally Latin, or formed from Latin stems. In some cases it is used as an alternative or a substitute for -er1, especially in legal terms (often correlative with forms in -ee1) or with some other differentiation of use, as in assignor, grantor, lessor, sailor, survivor, vendor.
[Latin; in some cases replacing Middle English -our, from Anglo-French -(e)our (= French -eur), from Latin -or, -ātor, etc.]
-or
I
noun suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French -ur, -our, -eour & Latin -or; Anglo-French -ur, -our, from Latin -or; Anglo-French -eour, from Latin -ator, from -a-, verb stem + -tor, agent suffix; akin to Greek -tōr, agent suffix, Sanskrit -tā
: one that does a (specified) thing
    grantor

II
noun suffix
 ETYMOLOGY  Middle English, from Anglo-French -ur, -or from Latin -or
: condition : activity
    demeanor
-or1
/ə(r)/  
suffix
forming nouns denoting a person or thing performing the action of a verb, or denoting another agent
［构成名词］表示“…人”, “…者”, “…器”：

escalator

governor

resistor

词源
from Latin, sometimes via Anglo-Norman French -eour or Old French -eor （see also -ATOR, -ITOR）.
-or4
/ə(r)/  
suffix
US form of -OUR1.
〈美〉同 -OUR1.
-or3
/ə(r)/  
suffix
forming adjectives expressing a comparative sense
［构成形容词］表示“比较…”：

junior

major

词源
via Anglo-Norman French from Latin.
-or2
/ə(r)/  
suffix
forming nouns denoting a state or condition
［构成名词］表示“状态”, “条件”：

error

pallor

terror

词源
from Latin, sometimes via Old French -or, -ur.
-ora termination of words, and form of various suffixes, of Latin origin.Latin long ō in early OF. was represented by a close sound between (ō) and (ū), written variously o and u, as in L. honōrem, OF. onor, onur. In AngloFr. the sound sank into (ū) and came c 1300 to be written ou (onour). In continental Fr., on the other hand, the sound passed at length into eu = ö (oneur, honneur). The earliest adopted words in ME. had o or u (onor, onur), but the regular representation after 1300 was that of AngloFr. ou (onour, honour). In many instances this is still retained; but, at the Renascence, many of the -our words, which in other respects were like their L. originals, were conformed to the L. in -or; and nearly all words taken then or later directly from L. were spelt -or, though, even in these words, there was at first a considerable vacillation between -or and -our. In Great Britain the traditional -our is still written in many of the words in which it was retained in the 16th c., though not a few of these, as ancestor, author, error, horror, prior, senator, tailor, are now spelt with -or, which spelling is extended in American usage to all the -our words.This termination appears in the following suffixes:1. -or (formerly often -our), representing ultimately L. -or, -ōrem, in nouns of condition from intr. vbs. in -ēre, less usually from other vbs., as error, horror, liquor, pallor, stupor, tenor, terror, torpor, tremor, etc. Such of these as existed in ME. were formerly spelt with -our, e.g. errour, horrour, licour, tenour. In other words of the same class, as ardour, favour, fervour, humour, labour, rigour, valour, vigour, as also in some words not directly connected with extant L. verbs, as colour, honour, odour, -our is generally retained in British usage, but American usage spells these also with -or: ardor, favor, labor, color, honor, etc.2. -or (formerly often -our), repr. L. -or, -ōrem of agent-nouns, formed on stems identical with the ppl. or ‘supine’ stems of verbs. Of these there are three varieties: a. Those repr. L. agent-nouns other than those in -ātor, -ētor, -itor, -ītor; as actor, assessor, author, captor, censor, confessor, doctor, elector, extensor, factor, flexor, inventor, lictor, oppressor, pastor, possessor, professor, rector, sculptor, sponsor, successor, transgressor, tutor, victor. These are of different ages, going back to OF. words in -or, -ur, AF. in -our = F. -eur, or L. in -or. So far as they existed in ME., they were then spelt -our, e.g. actour, assessour, authour, censour, confessour, dettour, doctour, etc.; they are now all conformed to the L. spelling in -or.b. Agent-nouns in L. -ātor, -ētor, -itor, -ītor, in coming down in living use into OF., were regularly reduced from -ātōr-em, etc., through -edor to -eör, -eür, AF. -eour, which became in ME. -our, and in F. -eur, and thus fell together with those from simple -ōr-em in a. Such are barrator, cessor, (:—cessatōr-em), conqueror, donor, emperor (imperātōr-em), governor, juror, lessor, solicitor, vendor, visitor (visitātōr-em). To this group also belongs saviour (AF. sauveöur:—OF. salveör, salvedor, L. salvātōr-em), which has preserved the vowel before -our. To these may be added agent-nouns formed in Fr. or AF. on the vb. stem, in imitation of those in -eör, -eur, -our, repr. L. -ātōrem, etc., as purveyor, surveyor, tailor, grantor, warrior (AF. werreyour, f. werreier to war). From want of evidence it is sometimes uncertain whether the agent-noun was already formed in late L. in -ātor, -itor, or in Fr. after these suffixes had been reduced to -eör and -eur, AF. -our.c. Agent-nouns in -ātor, -ētor, -itor, -ītor, -ūtor, adopted in later times in Fr., or in Eng., retain t, appearing in French as -ateur, -iteur, etc., and have now in Eng. the same written form as in L., e.g. administrator, agitator, creator, curator, dictator, equator, gladiator, imitator, legislator, navigator, spectator, translator, vindicator; orator, procurator, senator; auditor, creditor, editor, janitor, monitor, servitor; executor. These are of different ages: some from OF. or AF. (in which case they formerly had -our, as creatour, creditour, dictatour, oratour, servitour); some of later formation immediately from L., which have had the -or form from the first. The pronunciation varies greatly, the stress being sometimes as in the L. nominative (creˈator, ˈcreditor), sometimes on the second syllable before the stressed vowel of the AF. and L. accusative (on which a secondary stress fell originally in ME.), as in ˈauditor (ˌaudiˈtour, ˌaudīˈtōrem), ˈorator (ˌoraˈtour, ˌōrāˈtōrem), ˈsenator (ˌsenaˈtour, ˌsēnāˈtōrem), ˈservitor (ˈserviˈtour, ˌservīˈtōrem), eˈxecutor (eˌxecuˈtour, eˌxecūˈtōrem), sometimes corresponding with that of the Eng. vb., as adˈministrator, ˈagitator, ˈimitator, ˈprosecutor, or otherwise shifted, as ˈprocurator. In some cases two forms exist, as cuˈrator after L. nom., ˈcurator after ˌcuraˈtour, ˌcūrāˈtōrem.d. -or is sometimes an alteration of another suffix, as of L. -ārius, F. -ier, AF. -er, in bachelor, chancellor, heritor, or of Eng. -er:—OE. -ere, in sailor, bettor.The frequent occurrence of ME. -our, mod. -or, in legal terms denoting the person acting, as opposed to the person acted upon in -é, -ee, e.g. lessor lessee, grantor grantee, mortgageor mortgagee, has imparted a kind of technical or professional character to the ending, and explains the differentation of sailor, one who sails professionally, from sailer. In ME. there was a tendency to confuse the endings -er and -our (helped prob. by the OF. declension nom. -ère:—L. -ātor, acc. -or, -ur, -eur, L. -ātōrem); thus butcher, dicer, fletcher, jailer, jester, juggler, porter, etc. are found also with the ending -our. On the other hand, in a large number of words, the original -our, -or has, since the 15th c., been exchanged for the -er of agent-nouns of English derivation; such are barber, broker, chanter, diviner, labourer, pleader, preacher, robber, rimer or rhymer, in all which the earlier -our, -or, is the etymological form.3. -or (-our) sometimes represents F. -oir, from various sources, as manor, OF. manoir, maneir, L. manēre; mirror, F. miroir, L. *mīrātorium; so with -our, parlour, F. parloir, L. *parabolātōrium.4. -or, repr. ME. and AF. -our, F. -eur, L. -or, -ōrem, a variant of -ior, suffix of the comparative degree of adjs., in major, minor. See -ior2.
-or
word-forming element making nouns of quality, state, or condition, from Middle English -our, from Old French -our (Modern French -eur), from Latin -orem (nominative -or), a suffix added to pp. verbal stems. Also in some cases from Latin -atorem (nominative -ator).
In U.S., via Noah Webster, -or is nearly universal (but not in glamour, curious, generous), while in Britain -our is used in most cases (but with many exceptions: author, error, senator, ancestor, horror etc.). The -our form predominated after c.1300, but Mencken reports that the first three folios of Shakespeare's plays used both spellings indiscriminately and with equal frequency; only in the Fourth Folio of 1685 does -our become consistent.
A partial revival of -or on the Latin model took place from 16c. (governour began to lose its -u- 16c. and it was gone by 19c.), and also among phonetic spellers in both England and America (John Wesley wrote that -or was "a fashionable impropriety" in England in 1791).
Webster criticized the habit of deleting -u- in -our words in his first speller ("A Grammatical Institute of the English Language," commonly called the Blue-Black Speller) in 1783. His own deletion of the -u- began with the revision of 1804, and was enshrined in the influential "Comprehensive Dictionary of the English Language" (1806), which also established in the U.S. -ic for British -ick and -er for -re, along with many other attempts at reformed spelling which never caught on (such as masheen for machine). His attempt to justify them on the grounds of etymology and the custom of great writers does not hold up.
Fowler notes the British drop the -u- when forming adjectives ending in -orous (humorous) and derivatives in -ation and -ize, in which cases the Latin origin is respected (such as vaporize). When the Americans began to consistently spell it one way, however, the British reflexively hardened their insistence on the other. "The American abolition of -our in such words as honour and favour has probably retarded rather than quickened English progress in the same direction." [Fowler]
☞ -er, -or
-or

[Noun] condition or activity:
valor, honor, humor, minor
-or /ə, Law ɔ:/ suffix.
1.Forming nouns of condition from or after Anglo-Norman -(o)ur, Old French -or, -ur (mod. -eur) or Latin -or, as error, horror, pallor, stupor, tremor. Now chiefly US exc. in those words conformed to Latin spelling in the Renaissance: cf. -our 1.
2.a. Forming agent nouns from or after Anglo-Norman -our, Old French -or, -ur (mod -eur) or Latin -or, as actor, creator, doctor, elevator, monitor, sculptor, successor. Freq. in legal terms (opp. -ee1), as guarantor, lessor, mortgagor.b. Forming agent nouns from or after Anglo-Norman -eour, Old French -ëor, -ëur (mod. -eur) or Latin -ator, -etor, -itor, as conqueror, donor, governor, solicitor, tailor, visitor.c. Var. of -er2, as bachelor, chancellor.d. Var. of -er1, as sailor. Freq. forming inanimate agent nouns, as conveyor, resistor, sensor.
3.Forming nouns from Old & mod. French -oir, as manor, mirror.
4.Forming adjectives of comparison from Anglo-Norman -our or Latin -or, as major, minor. Cf. -ior.
5.Var. of -our 2. US.
-or ⇒ Main Entry: -ure
☞ or
-or
I. \_ə(r) sometimes |ȯ(ə)r or |ȯ(ə)\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -or, -our, from Old French -eor, -eur & Latin -or; Old French -eor, -eur, partly from Latin -or; partly from Latin -ator, from -atus -ate + -or
: one that does a (specified) thing
 < grantor >
 < alternator >
 < occlusor >
 < elevator >
II. noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -or, -our, from Old French -eur, from Latin -or
: condition : activity
 < demeanor >

-or

Suffix

  1. Suffix appended to words to create an agent noun, indicating a person who does something.

Usage notes

English generally appends this suffix where Latin would do it—to the root of a Latin-type perfect passive participle. For other words, English tends to use the suffix -er. Occasionally both are used (computer vs. computor).

Synonyms

  • -er
  • -ster (casual)

    • Derived terms

    English words suffixed with -or
  • actor
  • assignor
  • author
  • bailor
  • debtor
  • donor
  • licensor
  • realtor
  • sculptor
  • settlor
  • sublicensor
  • trustor

    • Related terms

  • -er (alternative spelling)
  • -rix (feminine form)

    • Hyponyms

    (feminine agent)

  • -a
  • -enne
  • -ess
  • -ette
  • -euse
  • -rix

    • Coordinate terms

  • -ee (converse form; one who receives from the actor)

    • See also

  • -ist

    • 后缀：-or [名词后缀]

    1、表示人

    actor 行动者，男演员

    translator 翻译者，译员

    oppressor 压迫者

    educator 教育者

    supervisor 监督人

    sailor 水手，海员

    debtor 负债人

    constructor 建造者

    elector 选举者

    protector 保护者

    corrector 矫正者，校对员

    inventor 发明者

    governor 总督，省长

    bettor 打赌者

    2、表示物

    tractor 拖拉机

    conductor 导体

    receptor 接受器

    detector 探测器

    mirror 镜子

    incisor 门牙

    televisor 电视机

    compressor 压缩器

    separator 分离器

    resistor 电阻器

    rotator 旋转器

    flexor 曲肌
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    更新时间：2025/5/26 10:59:17