per-
pref.（前缀）
语源
派生
per-
语源
派生
per-
语源
派生
per-
语源
派生
per-
语源
pref.（前缀）
- Thoroughly; completely; intensely:
完全地；完整地；紧凑地：
perfervid.
热心的 - Containing an element in its highest oxidation state:
包含处于最高氧化状态元素的：
perchloric acid.
高氯酸 - Containing a large or the largest possible proportion of an element:
包含某元素的较大或最大可能比例：
peroxide.
过氧化物 - Containing the peroxy group:
含氧基的：
peracid.
高…酸
语源
- Latin
拉丁语 - from per [through] * see per 1
源自 per [通过] *参见 per 1
派生
per-
- Important derivatives are: firth,fjord,fare,wayfarer,welfare,pore2 emporium,ferry,fern,ford,port1 opportune,porch,portal,portable,portage,porter1 export,import,important,portfolio,rapport,report,sport,support,transport
重要派生词为： firth,fjord,fare,wayfarer,welfare,pore2 emporium,ferry,fern,ford,port1 opportune,porch,portal,portable,portage,porter1 export,import,important,portfolio,rapport,report,sport,support,transport - To lead, pass over. A verbal root belonging to the group ofper 1 .
引导，带领, 转移，转交. 属于per1 这一组的动词词根. - Full-grade form*per- .
全级形式*per- . - Suffixed form*per-tu- . firth , fjord , from Old Norse fjördhr , an inlet, estuary, from Germanic *ferthuz , place for crossing over, ford.
添加后缀的形式*per-tu- . firth , fjord , 源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 fjördhr , 海口, 河口, 源自 日耳曼语 *ferthuz , 通过其可穿越的地方, 浅滩. - Suffixed form*per-onā . peroneal , from Greek peronē , pin of a brooch, buckle (N “that which pierces through”).
添加后缀的形式*per-onā . peroneal , 源自 希腊语 peronē , 胸针上的针, 皮带扣 (N “通过其可刺穿的物体”). - Suffixed form*per-yo- . diapir , from Greek peirein , to pierce.
添加后缀的形式*per-yo- . diapir , 源自 希腊语 peirein , 刺穿，穿透. - O-grade form*por- .
O级形式*por- . - fare ; wayfarer , wayfaring , ( welfare ), from Old English faran , to go on a journey, get along;
fare ; wayfarer , wayfaring , ( welfare ), 源自 古英语 faran , 旅行, 生活; - fieldfare , from Old English faran , possibly altered by folk etymology in Old English, from an uncertain original;
fieldfare , 源自 古英语 faran , 可能由 古英语 中起源不明的民间语源转变而来的; - gaberdine , from Old High German faran , to go, travel. Both a and b from Germanic *faran , to go.
gaberdine , 源自 古高地德语 faran , 前往, 旅行. a 和 b 都源自 日耳曼语 *faran , 前往. - Suffixed form*por-o- , passage, journey. pore 2 ; emporium , poromeric , from Greek poros , journey, passage.
添加后缀的形式*por-o- , 航行, 旅行. pore 2 ; emporium , poromeric , 源自 希腊语 poros , 旅程, 通道. - Suffixed (causative) form*por-eyo- , to cause to go, lead, conduct. ferry , from Old English ferian , to transport, from Germanic *farjan , to ferry.
添加后缀的（表示原因）形式*por-eyo- , 使进行, 引导, 指挥. ferry , 源自 古英语 ferian , 传送，输送, 源自 日耳曼语 *farjan , 以船运送. - Lengthened-grade form*pōr- .
变长级形式*pōr- . - fere , from Old English (ge)fēra , “fellow-traveler,” companion ( ge- , together, with; see kom ), from Germanic suffixed form *fōr-ja- ;
fere , 源自 古英语 (ge)fēra , “同路人,” 伙伴 ( ge- , 一起，共同, 与，以; 参见 kom), 源自 日耳曼语 添加后缀的形式 *fōr-ja- ; - führer , from Old High German fuoren , to lead, from Germanic suffixed (causative) form *fōr-jan .
führer , 源自 古高地德语 fuoren , 带领, 源自 日耳曼语 添加后缀的（表示原因）形式 *fōr-jan . - Possibly suffixed form*por-no- , feather, wing (N “that which carries a bird in flight”).
可能为添加后缀的形式*por-no- , 羽毛, 翅膀 (N “使鸟类在空中飞翔的物体”). - fern , from Old English fearn , fern (having feathery fronds), from Germanic *farnō , feather, leaf;
fern , 源自 古英语 fearn , 羊齿植物 （长有柔如羽毛的叶子）, 源自 日耳曼语 *farnō , 羽毛, 叶子; - pan 2 , from Sanskrit parṇam , leaf, feather.
pan 2 , 源自 梵语 parṇam , 叶子, 羽毛. - Zero-grade form*p—- .
零级形式*p—- . - Suffixed form*p—-tu- , passage.
添加后缀的形式*p—-tu- , 通道. - ford , from Old English ford , shallow place where one may cross a river, from Germanic *furdu- ;
ford , 源自 古英语 ford , 某人可越过河的浅地方, 源自 日耳曼语 *furdu- ; - port 1 ; importune , opportune , from Latin portus , harbor (N “passage”).
port 1 ; importune , opportune , 源自 拉丁语 portus , 港口 (N “航行”). - Suffixed form*p—-tā . porch , port 3 , portal , portcullis , porter 2 , portico , portière , portulaca , from Latin porta , gate.
添加后缀的形式*p—-tā . porch , port 3 , portal , portcullis , porter 2 , portico , portière , portulaca , 源自 拉丁语 porta , 门，闸. - Suffixed (denominative) form*p—-to- . port 5 , portable , portage , portamento , portative , porter 1 ; comport , deport , export , import , ( important ), portfolio , purport , rapport , report , ( sport ), support , transport , from Latin portāre , to carry.
添加后缀的（从名词或形容词派生出的）形式*p—-to- . port 5 , portable , portage , portamento , portative , porter 1 ; comport , deport , export , import , ( important ), portfolio , purport , rapport , report , ( sport ), support , transport , 源自 拉丁语 portāre , 携带，支持，意味.
语源
- Pokorny 2. B.per 816.
波科尔尼2. B.per 816.
派生
per-
- Important derivatives are: fear,peril,experience,experiment,expert,pirate,empiric
重要派生词为： fear,peril,experience,experiment,expert,pirate,empiric - To try, risk (N “to lead over,” “press forward”).
尝试，试验, 冒险 (N “尝试,” “向前进逼，奋力推进”). - A verbal root belonging to the group ofper 1 .
属于per1 这一类的动词词根. - Lengthened grade*pēr- . fear , from Old English fǣr , danger, sudden calamity, from Germanic *fēraz , danger.
Lengthened grade*pēr- . fear , 源自 古英语 fǣr , 危险, 意外的灾难, 源自 日耳曼语 *fēraz , 危险. - Suffixed form*perī-tlo- . ( parlous ), peril , from Latin perīclum , perīculum , trial, danger.
添加后缀的形式*perī-tlo- . ( parlous ), peril , 源自 拉丁语 perīclum , perīculum , 试验, 危险. - Suffixed form*per-yo- . experience , experiment , expert , from Latin experīrī , to try, learn by trying ( ex- , from; see eghs ).
添加后缀的形式*per-yo- . experience , experiment , expert , 源自 拉丁语 experīrī , 尝试, 通过试验来学习( ex- , 从，来自; 参见 eghs). - Suffixed form*per-ya . pirate ; empiric , from Greek peira , trial, attempt.
添加后缀的形式*per-ya . pirate ; empiric , 源自 希腊语 peira , 试验, 尝试.
语源
- Pokorny 2. E.per 818.
波科尔尼2. E.per 818.
派生
per-
- Important derivatives are: press1 pressure,print,compress,depress,express,imprint,oppress,repress,reprimand,suppress
重要派生词为： press1 pressure,print,compress,depress,express,imprint,oppress,repress,reprimand,suppress - To strike.
击打，刺入，碰撞. - A verbal root possibly belonging to the group ofper 1 . Extended forms *prem- , *pres- . pregnant 2 , press 1 , pressure , print ; appressed , compress , depress , express , impress 1 , ( imprint ), oppress , repress , ( reprimand ), suppress , from Latin premere (past participle pressus ), to press.
可能属于per1 这一类的动词词根. 衍生形式 *prem- , *pres- . pregnant 2 , press 1 , pressure , print ; appressed , compress , depress , express , impress 1 , ( imprint ), oppress , repress , ( reprimand ), suppress , 源自 拉丁语 premere （过去分词 pressus ), 压，逼迫，推进.
语源
- Pokorny 3.per- 818.
波科尔尼3.per- 818.
派生
per-
- Important derivatives are: interpret,praise,precious,price,appraise,appreciate,depreciate,pornography
重要派生词为： interpret,praise,precious,price,appraise,appreciate,depreciate,pornography - To traffic in, sell (N “to hand over,” “distribute”). A verbal root belonging to the group ofper 1. Base of two distinct extended roots.
做买卖, 销售 (N “让渡,” “分配”). 属于per1这一类的动词词根. 基于这两个不同的衍生词根. - Root form*pret- .
词根形式*pret- . - interpret , from Latin compound inter-pres (stem inter-pret- ), go-between, negotiator ( inter- , between; see en ).
interpret , 源自 拉丁语 复合词 inter-pres （词干 inter-pret- ), 中间人, 磋商者 ( inter- , 在…之间; 参见 en). - Suffixed form*pret-yo- . praise , precious , price ; appraise , ( appreciate ), depreciate , from Latin pretium , price.
添加后缀的形式*pret-yo- . praise , precious , price ; appraise , ( appreciate ), depreciate , 源自 拉丁语 pretium , 价格，价值. - Root form*perə- . Suffixed form *p(e)r-n-ə- , with o-grade *por(ə)-nā . pornography , from Greek pornē , prostitute, from pernanai , to sell.
词根形式*perə- . 添加后缀的形式 *p(e)r-n-ə- , 和O级 *por(ə)-nā . pornography , 源自 希腊语 pornē , 妓女, 源自 pernanai , 销售.
语源
- In Pokorny 2. C.per 817.
波科尔尼 2. C.per 817.
per-
prefix
through
⇒
pervade
throughout
⇒
perennial
away, beyond
⇒
perfidy
completely, throughly
⇒
perplex
(intensifier)
⇒
perfervid
indicating that a chemical compound contains a high proportion of a specified element
⇒
peroxide
⇒
perchloride
indicating that a chemical element is in a higher than usual state of oxidation
⇒
permanganate
⇒
perchlorate
(not in technical usage) a variant of peroxy- ⇒
persulphuric acid
Origin
from Latin per throughExample Sentences
It was obvious that Graham was on edge, having allowed his per-
MacNeill, Alastair Code Breakerper-
word-forming element meaning "through, throughout; thoroughly; entirely, utterly," from Latin preposition per (see per, prep.).
1
2
☞ per
per-
prefix
Etymology: in sense 1, from Latin, throughout, thoroughly, completely, deviating from (also, used as verbal prefix with the meanings “through”, “throughout”, “thoroughly”, “detrimentally”, and to denote completion or perfection or intensification), from per through, by; in sense 2, from per through, by — more at for
1.
a. : throughout
< perdominant >
b.
(1) : containing the largest possible or a relatively large proportion of a (specified) chemical element especially as a result of exhaustive substitution for hydrogen or of exhaustive addition in an organic compound or group
< perchloroethylene >
< perhydronaphthalene C10H18 >
— compare peroxide 1, prot- 2a
(2) : containing an element in its highest or a high oxidation state
< perchloric acid >
(3) : peroxy- — not used systematically
< persulfate >
< perbenzoic acid >
2. : through
< perradius >
: by means of
< perlingual >
< perrectal >
1.
a.
< perdominant >
b.
(1)
< perchloroethylene >
< perhydronaphthalene C10H18 >
— compare peroxide 1, prot- 2a
(2)
< perchloric acid >
(3)
< persulfate >
< perbenzoic acid >
2.
< perradius >
: by means of
< perlingual >
< perrectal >
per- 1
Prefix
- non-productive In verbs: denoting the sense "through", as in perforate.
- non-productive In verbs: denoting the sense "thoroughly", as in perfect.
- non-productive In verbs: denoting the sense "to destruction", as in pervert.
- non-productive In adjectives and adverbs: denoting the sense "extremely", as in perfervid.
- chemistry Forming nouns and adjectives denoting the maximum proportion of one element in a compound, as in peroxide.
- chemistry Added to the name of an element in a polyatomic ion denote the number of that element (usually four).
Etymology
Borrowing from Latin per and per-.
Derived terms
English words prefixed with per-
Related terms
per- 2
Prefix
- non-productive Denoting the sense "by" or "per", as in perchance or perhaps.
Etymology
Borrowing from Old French per (modern French par).
前缀：per-
① 表示“贯穿，自始至终”
perspective 透视的（per+spect看＋ive→看透了→透视的）
perennial 全年的（per+ennial年→全年的）
perspire 出汗（per+spire呼吸→全身呼吸→出汗）
permanent 永久的（per+man拿住＋ent→永久拿住→永恒的）
persist 坚持（per+sist站→站到最后→坚持）
persuade 劝说（per+suade劝→一直劝→劝说）
percussion 敲打（per+cuss震＋ion→震动→敲打）
perspicacious 独具慧眼的（per+spic看＋acious→全部看到→独具慧眼）
pernicious 有害的，有毒的（per+nic毒+ious→有毒的）
perplexed 困惑的（per+plex重叠+ed→全部重叠在一起→困惑了）
perforate 打洞（per+forate打孔→打孔穿过→打洞）
permeate 渗透（per+me走+ate→走过去→渗透过去）
② 表示“假，坏”
perfidy 不忠，背叛（per+fid相信＋y→假相信→不忠诚）
perjury 伪证，假誓（per+jur发誓＋y→假发誓；参考：jury陪审团）
perfunctory 草率的（per+funct作用+ory→没起好作用→草率的）
perpetrate 做坏事；犯罪（per+petr=patr父亲＋ate→以父亲式态度对待别人→专横，做坏事）
pervert 堕落，滥用（per+vert转→转向坏→堕落）
前缀：per-
1、贯穿、通、透、遍、自始自终
perspective 透视的（spect看）
perfect 完全的，全然的
pernoctation 通宵不归，彻夜不眠（noct夜）
perennial 全年的（enn年）
perfuse 洒满，灌满（fus流）
perspire 出汗（spir呼吸）
permanent 永久的（man停留）
perform 完成，执行
persist 坚持（sist立）
perorate （演说时）作结束语
pervade 遍及（vad走）
perambulate 步行穿过（ambul走）
pervious 能被通过的（vi路）
2、加强意义
perplex 使复杂
permute 变换
perturb 扰乱
perfervid 十分热情的
percussion 敲打
persuade 劝说
3、过、高（用于化学名词）
peroxide 过氧化物
peracid 过酸
perchloride 高氯化物
periodide 高碘化物
persulphate 过硫酸盐
permanganate 高锰酸盐
前缀：per-
【词根含义】：完全;贯穿,通过;每
【词根来源】：来源于拉丁语前缀per-。
【同源单词】：impertinent, pardon, pellucid, perceive, percent
词根词缀：per-
【来源及含义】Latin: through, across, over; beyond, by means of
【同源单词】Ad astra per aspera, Ad augusta per angust, Ad perpetuam rei memoriam, Ad virtutem per sapientiam, ampersand, antiperspirant