-ate 1
suff.（后缀）

Having:
有：
nervate.
具脉的
Characterized by:
以…为特征：
Latinate.
象拉丁语的
Resembling:
象…的：
lyrate.
竖琴状的

One that is characterized by:
有…特征的个体：
laminate.
碾压成薄片
Rank; office:
职务；级别：
rabbinate.
犹太法学博士的身份（或职位）

To act upon in a specified manner:
以特定的方式行动：
acidulate.
酸化

语源

Ultimately from Latin -ātus [past participle suff. of verbs in] -āre
最终源自拉丁语 -ātus [] -āre的动词过去分词后缀

-ate 2
suff.（后缀）

A derivative of a specified chemical compound or element:
…酸的盐，…酸的酯：某种化合物或元素的衍生物：
aluminate.
铝酸盐
A salt or ester of a specified acid whose name ends in-ic :
以-ic 结尾的特定酸的盐或酯：
acetate.
醋酸盐（或酯）

语源

New Latin -ātum
现代拉丁语 -ātum
from Latin [neuter of] -ātus [past participle suff. of verbs in] -āre
源自拉丁语 [] -ātus的中性 [] -āre的动词过去分词后缀

-ate¹

suffix

(forming adjectives) possessing; having the appearance or characteristics of

⇒ fortunate

⇒ palmate

⇒ Latinate

(forming nouns) a chemical compound, esp a salt or ester of an acid

⇒ carbonate

⇒ stearate

(forming nouns) the product of a process

⇒ condensate

forming verbs from nouns and adjectives

⇒ hyphenate

⇒ rusticate

Origin

from Latin -ātus, past participial ending of verbs ending in -āre

-ate²

suffix forming nouns

denoting office, rank, or a group having a certain function

⇒ episcopate

⇒ electorate

Origin

from Latin -ātus, suffix (fourth declension) of collective nouns

-ate¹

Word Origin

1

a suffix occurring in loanwords from Latin, its English distribution paralleling that of Latin. The form originated as a suffix added to a- stem verbs to form adjectives (separate). The resulting form could also be used independently as a noun (advocate) and came to be used as a stem on which a verb could be formed (separate; advocate; agitate). In English the use as a verbal suffix has been extended to stems of non-Latin origin: calibrate; acierate.

Origin

< Latin -ātus (masculine), -āta (feminine), -ātum (neuter), equivalent to -ā- thematic vowel + -tus, -ta, -tum past participle suffix

-ate²

1

a specialization of -ate¹, used to indicate a salt of an acid ending in -ic, added to a form of the stem of the element or group: nitrate; sulfate.

Compare -ite¹.

Origin

probably originally in New Latin phrases, as plumbum acetātum salt produced by the action of acetic acid on lead

-ate³

1

a suffix occurring originally in nouns borrowed from Latin, and in English coinages from Latin bases, that denote offices or functions (consulate; triumvirate; pontificate), as well as institutions or collective bodies (electorate; senate); sometimes extended to denote a person who exercises such a function (magistrate; potentate), an associated place (consulate), or a period of office or rule (protectorate). Joined to stems of any origin, ate³, signifies the office, term of office, or territory of a ruler or official (caliphate; khanate; shogunate).

Origin

< Latin -ātus (genitive -ātūs), generalized from v. derivatives, as augurātus office of an augur (augurā(re) to foretell by augury + -tus suffix of v. action), construed as derivative of augur augur¹

Related Words

-ative
-ator
-ade
-ation
ammoniate
carbonate

-ateI.

a suffix forming:

1. adjectives equivalent to -ed² (in participial and other adjectives), as in designate, separate.

2. nouns denoting especially persons charged with some duty or function, or invested with some dignity, right, or special character, as in advocate, candidate, curate, legate, prelate.

3. nouns denoting some product or result of action, as in mandate (literally, a thing commanded).

4. verbs, originally taken from Latin past participles but now formed from any Latin or other stem, as in actuate, agitate, calibrate.

[Latin -ātus, -āta, -ātum]

II.

a suffix forming nouns denoting a salt formed by action of an acid (with a name ending in -ic) on a base, as in acetate.

[Latin -ātum neuter of -ātus -ate¹]

III.

a suffix forming nouns denoting condition, estate, office, officials, or an official, etc., as in consulate, senate.

[Latin -ātus, suffix making nouns of 4th declension]

-ate

I

noun suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle English -at, from Anglo-French, from Latin -atus, -atum, masculine & neuter of -atus, past participle ending

1. one acted upon (in a specified way)
    distillate
2. [New Latin -atum, from Latin] : chemical compound or complex anion derived from a (specified) compound or element
    phenolate
especially : salt or ester of an acid with a name ending in -ic and not beginning with hydro-
    borate

II

noun suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle English -at, from Anglo-French, from Latin -atus, from -a-, stem vowel of 1st conjunction + -tus, suffix of verbal nouns

1. office : function : rank : group of persons holding a (specified) office or rank or having a (specified) function
    vicarate
2. state : dominion : jurisdiction
    emirate
    khanate

III

adjective suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle English -at, from Latin -atus, from past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs, from -a-, stem vowel of 1st conjunction + -tus, past participle suffix — more at -ed

: marked by having
craniate

IV

verb suffix

ETYMOLOGY Middle English -aten, from Latin -atus, past participle ending

: act on (in a specified way)
    insulate
: cause to be modified or affected by
    camphorate
: cause to become
    activate
: furnish with
    capacitate

-ate³

/eɪt/

suffix

forming verbs such as fascinate, hyphenate ［构成动词, 如 fascinate和 hyphenate］。

词源

from -ATE²; originally forms were based on existing past participial adjectives ending in -atus, but were later extended to any Latin verb ending in -are and to French verbs ending in -er.

-ate²

/ət/

suffix

1.

forming adjectives and nouns such as associate, duplicate, separate ［构成形容词和名词, 如associate, duplicate 和 separate］。

2.

forming adjectives from Latin ［构成源于拉丁词的形容词］：: caudate.

词源

from Latin -atus, -ata， -atum.

-ate¹

/ət/

suffix

forming nouns ［构成名词］

1.

denoting status or office 表示“身份”, “职务”：: doctorate

episcopate.

■ denoting a state or function 表示“状态”, “作用”：: curate

mandate.

2.

denoting a group 表示“团体”：: electorate.

3.

Chemistry denoting a salt or ester, especially of an acid with a corresponding name ending in -ic 【化】表示“…酸盐”, “…酸酯”：: chlorate

nitrate.

4.

denoting a product of a chemical process 表示“化学反应的产物”：: condensate

filtrate.

词源

from Old French -at or Latin -atus, -ata, -atum.

▪ I.-ate, suffix¹formerly -at, forming ns. derived from L. ns. in -ātus (-ato- and -atu-), -ātum, -āta, and their modern Romanic representatives.1. In popular words which lived on into OFr., L. -ātus, -ātum, became (through -ato, -ado, -ad, -ed, -et) -é, as cūrātus, senātus, avocātus, stātus, peccātum, OF. curé, sené, avoué, esté, péché; learned words, adapted from Latin, took -at, as in estat, prelat, primat, magistrat. After 13th c. many of the popular words were refashioned with -at, as sené, senat, avoué, avocat; and all new words have been thus formed, e.g. assassinat, attentat, épiscopat, palatinat, professorat, syndicat. In Eng. these were originally adopted in their Fr. form, estat, prelat, etc.; after 1400, -e was added to mark the long vowel, estate, prelate, etc., and all later words from Fr. took -ate at once. After these, Eng. words are formed directly on L., as curātus ‘curate,’ or on L. analogies, as alderman-ate, cf. triumvir-ate. In meaning, words in -ate are chiefly: a. Substantives denoting office or function, or the persons performing it, as marquisate, professorate, episcopate, syndicate, aldermanate. b. Participial nouns, as legate ‘one deputed,’ prelate ‘one preferred,’ mandate ‘a thing commanded,’ precipitate ‘what is thrown down.’ c. Chemical terms, denoting salts formed by the action of an acid on a base, as nitrate, acetate, sulphate, carbonate, alcoholate, ethylate. In the 18th c. chemists said plumbum acetatum ‘acetated lead,’ lead acted on by vinegar, whence substantively acetatum the acetated (product), the ‘acetate’; cf. precipitate, sublimate, distillate. (In the dog-latin of pharmacy, acetas, -ātis, is ignorantly put for acetātum.)2. In some words, -ate = F. -ate, ad. L. or It. -āta, as in pirate, frigate.▪ II.-ate, suffix²formerly -at, forming participial adjectives from L. pa. pples. in -ātus, -āta, -ātum, being only a special instance of the adoption of L. pa. pples. by dropping the inflexional endings, e.g. content-us, convict-us, direct-us, remiss-us, or with phonetic final -e, e.g. complēt-us, finīt-us, revolūt-us, spars-us. The analogy for this was set by the survival of some L. pa. pples. in OF., as confus:—confūsus, content:—contentus, divers:—diversus. This analogy was widely followed in later Fr., in introducing new words from Latin; and both classes of Fr. words, i.e. the popular survivals and the later accessions, being adopted in Eng., provided Eng. in its turn with analogies for adapting similar words directly from L., by dropping the termination. This began about 1400, and as in -ate¹ (with which this suffix is phonetically identical), L. -ātus gave -at, subsequently -ate, e.g. desolātus, desolat, desolate, separātus, separat, separate. Many of these participial adjectives soon gave rise to causative verbs, identical with them in form (see next), to which, for some time, they did duty as pa. pples., as ‘the land was desolat(e by war;’ but, at length, regular pa. pples. were formed with the native suffix -ed, upon the general use of which these earlier participial adjs. generally lost their participial force, and either became obs. or remained as simple adjectives, as in ‘the desolate land,’ ‘a compact mass.’ (But cf. situate = situated.) So aspirate, moderate, prostrate, separate; and (where a vb. has not been formed), innate, oblate, ornate, sedate, temperate, etc. As the Fr. repr. of L. -atus is -é, English words in -ate have also been formed directly after Fr. words in -é, e.g. affectionné, affectionate.2. As with Eng. -ed, L. ppl. adjs. in -ātus were also formed on nouns, etc., when no other part of the vb. was required, as cauda tail, caudātus tailed, and often with negatives, as sensus sense, insensātus unprovided with sense. In modern times these have been liberally adopted in Eng., and on their analogy, or that of corresponding Fr. words in -é, new words are constantly formed where L. actually had not the formation, as apiculate, f. apiculus a little point; lunulate, f. lunula little moon; roseate, f. roseus rosy; angustifoliate, f. angustum narrow + folium leaf.3. Many words, originally adj., are also used substantively, e.g. delegate, reprobate, precipitate, carbonate, alcoholate, and have gone to reinforce the number of the earlier ns. in -ate¹, q.v.▪ III.-ate, suffix³a verbal formative, used to english L. verbs of the first conjugation, and to form Eng. verbs on other L. words or elements. This use originated in the formation of verbs from the participial adjs. in -ate mentioned under -ate².1. In OE., verbs had been regularly formed on adjectives, as hwít hwítian, wearm wearmian, bysiᵹ bysᵹian, drýᵹe drýᵹan, etc. With the loss of the inflexions, these verbs became, by the 15th c., identical in form with the adjs., e.g. to white, warm, busy, dry, empty, dirty, etc.2. In Latin, vbs. were also freely formed on adjectives, as siccus siccāre, clārus clārāre, līber līberāre, sacer sacrāre. This prevailed still more extensively in Fr., e.g. sec sècher, clair clairer, content contenter, confus confuser, etc. Thence also Eng. received many verbs, which by the 15th c. were identical in form with their adjectives, e.g. to clear, humble, manifest, confuse, etc.3. On these analogies Eng. adjectives formed from L. pa. pples. began generally, in the 16th c., to yield verbs of identical form, e.g. adj. direct, vb. to direct; adj. separate, vb. to separate; adj. aggravate, vb. to aggravate: precisely analogous to adj. busy, vb. to busy; adj. content, vb. to content.4. These verbs, though formed immediately from participial adjectives already in English, answered in form to the pa. pples. of L. verbs of the same meaning. It was thus natural to associate them directly with these L. verbs, and to view them as their regular Eng. representatives.5. This once done, it became the recognized method of englishing a Latin verb, to take the ppl. stem of the L. as the present stem of the Eng.; so that Eng. verbs were now formed on L. pa. pples. by mere analogy, and without the intervention of a participial adjective. In accordance with this, fascinate, concatenate, asseverate, venerate, and hundreds of others, have been formed directly on the participial stems of L. fascināre, concatēnāre, assevērāre, venerāri, etc., without having been preceded by a cognate adjective. In the case of many words introduced in the 16th c., evidence is wanting to show whether the vb. was preceded by, or contemporaneous with, the ppl. adj. in -ate.6. These Eng. vbs. in -ate correspond generally to Fr. vbs. in -er (:—L. -āre), as Eng. separate, create, F. séparer, créer: this in its turn gave an analogy for the formation of Eng. verbs from French; as F. isoler (ad. It. isolare:—L. insulāre), Eng. isolate; F. féliciter, Eng. felicitate.7. Latin vbs. in -āre might, analogically, have been formed on many words, on which they were not actually formed; wherever such a vb. might have existed, a F. vb. in -er, and an Eng. vb. in -ate, are liable to be formed. Thus nōbilitas gave in L. nōbilitāre, the Eng. representative of which is nobilitate; fēlīcitas, which might have given fēlīcitāre, has given F. féliciter and Eng. felicitate; and capācitas, which might have given L. capācitāre and F. capaciter, has actually given Eng. capacitate. Hence numerous modern verbs, as differentiate, substantiate, vaccinate; including many formed on modern or foreign words, as adipocerate, assassinate, camphorate, methylate.(It is possible that the analogy of native verbs in -t, with the pa. pple. identical in form with the infinitive, as set, hit, put, cut, contributed also to the establishment of verbs like direct, separat(e, identical with their pa. pples.)▪ IV.-ate, suffix⁴in Chem.: see -ate¹ 1 c.

-ate

1

word-forming element used in forming nouns from Latin words ending in -atus, -atum (such as estate, primate, senate). Those that came to English via Old and Middle French often arrived with -at, but an -e was added after c.1400 to indicate the long vowel. The suffix also can mark adjectives, formed from Latin past participals in -atus, -ata (such as desolate, moderate, separate), again, they often were adopted in Middle English as -at, with an -e appended after c.1400.

2

verbal suffix for Latin verbs in -are, identical with -ate(1). Old English commonly made verbs from adjectives by adding a verbal ending to the word (such as gnornian "be sad, mourn," gnorn "sad, depressed"), but as the inflections wore off English words in late Old and early Middle English, there came to be no difference between the adjective and the verb in dry, empty, warm, etc. Thus accustomed to the identity of adjectival and verbal forms of a word, the English, when they began to expand their Latin-based vocabulary after c.1500, simply made verbs from Latin past-participial adjectives without changing their form (such as aggravate, substantiate) and it became the custom that Latin verbs were anglicized from their past participle stems.

3

in chemistry, word-forming element used to form the names of salts from acids in -ic; from Latin -atus, -atum, suffix used in forming adjectives and thence nouns; identical with -ate(1).

The substance formed, for example, by the action of acetic acid (vinegar) on lead was described in the 18th century as plumbum acetatum, i.e. acetated lead. Acetatum was then taken as a noun meaning "the acetated (product)," i.e. acetate. [W.E. Flood, "The Origins of Chemical Names," London, 1963]

-ate

1. [Verb] cause to be:

graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate

2. [Adjective] kind of state:

inviolate

3. [Noun] state, office, fuction:

candidate, electorate, delegate

1. suffix¹ | 2. suffix² | 3. suffix³

1
-ate /ət, eɪt/ suffix¹.

ORIGIN: Latin -atus, -ata (fem.), -atum (neut.) noun suffix or Old French & Modern French -at¹ (earlier -ée).

Forming nouns denoting (a) office, function, state, etc., or a person, group, or thing having it, as curate, doctorate, electorate, magistrate, mandate, etc.; (b) Chemistry salts or esters of acids (esp. of acids ending in -ic: cf. -ite¹), or other derivatives, as acetate, alcoholate, hydrate, sulphate, etc.

2
-ate /ət, eɪt/ suffix².

ORIGIN: Latin (fem.) -atus, (neut.) -ata, -atum pa. ppl suffix of verbs in -are, or French -é.

Forming adjectives and nouns, as affectionate, associate, caudate, delegate, Italianate, precipitate, reprobate, roseate, separate, etc. Hence forming nouns from English verbs, denoting end products of (esp. chemical) operations or processes, as centrifugate, dialysate, homogenate, etc. Many of the adjectives were orig. ppl and also served as pa. pples of verbs in -ate³.

3
-ate /eɪt/ suffix³.

ORIGIN: After or formed as -ate², orig. on the basis of existing ppl adjectives in -ate², later from any Latin verb in -are; also used to Anglicize French verbs in -er (from Latin -are).

Forming verbs, as assassinate, associate, fascinate, felicitate, hydrate, separate, vaccinate, etc. Some, as automate, repr. back-forms. from nouns in -ation.

☞ ate

-ate
I. \ə̇t, ˌāt, usu -d.+V\ noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -at, from Old French, from Latin -atus (nominative singular masculine), -atum (nominative singular neuter), from -atus, past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs
1. : one acted upon (in a specified way)
< advocate >
< legate >
< centrifugate >
< duplicate >
< mandate >
< vulcanizate >
2. [New Latin -atum, from Latin, neuter of -atus] : chemical compound or complex anion derived from a (specified) compound or element
< alcoholate >
< ferrate >
especially : salt or ester of an acid with a name ending in -ic and not beginning with hydro-
< acetate >
< carbonate >
— compare stock system
II. noun suffix
(-s)
Etymology: Middle English -at, from Old French, from Latin -atus, from -atus, past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs
: office : function : rank : state : group of persons holding a (specified) office or rank, having a (specified) function, or being in a (specified) state
< episcopate >
< pontificate >
< professorate >
< rabbinate >
III. adjective suffix
Etymology: Middle English -at, from Latin -atus, past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs, from -a- (thematic vowel of 1st conjunction) + -tus, past participle ending — more at -ed
1. : acted upon (in a specified way) : brought into or being in a (specified) state
< consummate >
< degenerate >
< inanimate >
< Italianate >
< temperate >
2. : characterized by having
< branchiate >
< chordate >
< foliate >
IV. \|āt, usu |ād.+V\ verb suffix
(-ed/-ing/-s)
Etymology: Middle English -aten, from Latin -atus, past participle ending of 1st conjunction verbs
: to act (in a specified way)
< negotiate >
< pontificate >
: act upon (in a specified way)
< assassinate >
< venerate >
: cause to be modified or affected by
< camphorate >
< hyphenate >
< pollinate >
: cause to become
< activate >
< domesticate >
< fractionate >
: furnish with
< capacitate >
< substantiate >

-ate

Suffix

in adjectives having the specified thing

lobate — “having lobes”
in adjectives characterized by the specified thing

Italianate — “characterized by Italian features”
in adjectives resembling the specified thing

palmate — “resembling the palm”
in nouns a thing characterised by the specified thing

apostate — “one who is characterized by dissent”
in nouns a rank or office

rabbinate — “the office of a rabbi”
chemistry, in nouns a derivative of a specified element or compound; especially a salt or ester of an acid whose name ends in -ic

acetate — “a salt or ester of acetic acid”
in verbs to act in the specified manner

abbreviate — “to act by making (something) brief”

Etymology

From the Latin perfect passive participle suffixes of first conjugation verbs -ātus, -āta, and -ātum. In Middle English, it was written -at.

Synonyms

(office): -cy

(in verbs): -ify

Derived terms

English words suffixed with -ate

abbreviate

apostate

Related terms

-ation

-ator

后缀：-ate ①[动词后缀]

表示做、造成、使之成...、做...事等意义

hyphenate 加连字符

orientate 使向东，定方向

differentiate 区别

triangulate 使成三角形

maturate 使成熟

luxuriate 享受，沉溺

oxygenate 氧化，充氧化

liquidate 清洗，清除

originate 发源，发起

assassinate 行刺，暗杀

后缀：-ate ②[形容词后缀]

表示有...性质的、如...形状的、具有...的

lineate 有线，划线的

determinate 确定的

roseate 玫瑰似的

fortunate 幸运的

considerate 考虑周到的

proportionate 成比例的

collegiate 大学的，学院的

private 私人的

passionate 热情的

后缀：-ate ③[名词后缀]

1、表示人

graduate 毕业生

delegate 代表

candidate 侯补者

curate 副牧师

magistrate 地方行政官

advocate 辩护者

2、表示职位，职权，总称等

doctorate 博士衔

directorate 指导者的职位

professoriate 教授职位

electorate 全体选民

3、构成化学名词，大多数表示由酸而成的盐类

carbonate 碳酸盐

borate 硼酸盐

sulphate 硫酸盐

acetate 醋酸盐

nitrate 硝酸盐

alcoholate 乙醇化物

-ate1

suffix

Origin

-ate2

suffix forming nouns

Origin

-ate1

-ate2

-ate3

Related Words

-ate

Suffix

Etymology

Synonyms

Derived terms

Related terms

后缀：-ate ①[动词后缀]

后缀：-ate ②[形容词后缀]

后缀：-ate ③[名词后缀]

-ate¹

-ate²

-ate¹

-ate²

-ate³