英语词汇-kin的发音释义、词根词缀、结构分析、同源词、词频及词根记忆法-英语词根词缀词典

　

词汇	-kin
词根词缀	AHD Collins Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary SOED WBD Webster Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots -kin 或 -kins suff.（后缀） Little one: 小东西： devilkin. 小魔鬼语源 Middle English 中古英语 probably from Middle Dutch -kijn, -kin 可能源自中古荷兰语 -kijn, -kin -kin suffix forming nouns small ⇒ lambkin Origin from Middle Dutch, of West Germanic origin; compare German -chen -kin Word Origin 1 a diminutive suffix of nouns: lambkin. Origin Middle English < Middle Dutch, Middle Low German -ken; cognate with German -chen Related Words firkin pumpkin bumpkin catechin catkin grimalkin -kina diminutive suffix, attached to nouns to signify a little object of the kind mentioned: ◆ lambkin, catkin. [Middle English; related to Dutch and Low German -ken, German -chen] -kin \\\\kən\\\\ noun suffix also -kins \\\\kənz\\\\ ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Middle Dutch -kin; akin to Old High German -chīn, diminutive suffix : little catkin babykins -kin /kɪn/ suffix forming diminutive nouns such as bumpkin, catkin. 表示微小的名称, 如bumpkin, catkin. 词源 from Middle Dutch -kijn, -ken, Middle Low German -kīn. -kin, suffix\|kɪn\|forming diminutives, corresp. to MDu. -kijn, -ken, MLG. -kîn = OHG. -chîn, MHG. -chîn, -chein, -chin, -chen (G. -chen), as in MDu. kindekijn, -ken, MLG. kindekîn, MHG. kindichîn, G. kindchen little child; MDu. husekijn, huusken, MHG. häusichin, G. häuschen a little house. No trace of the suffix is found in OE.The suffix has only a limited use in English. It appears to occur first in some familiar forms of personal (chiefly male) names, which were either adoptions or imitations of diminutive forms current in Flanders and Holland, where such forms appear already in the 10th c. The earliest ME. examples noted are Janekin, Malekin, Watekin, and Wilekin, found as early as 1250 (O.E. Misc. 188–191), and evidently then in familiar use. These and others of the kind were no doubt common in 13–14th c. (for Jankin and its variants see Nicholson Pedigree of ‘Jack’), but are not prominent in literature till the second half of the 14th. The A-text of ‘Piers Plowman’ has Malkin and Perkin, the B-text adds Haukyn, and the C-text Watkyn; Chaucer uses Jankin, Malkin, Perkin, Simkin, and Wilkin; and in the ‘Tournament of Tottenham’ there occur Dawkyn, Hawkyn, Jeynkyn, Perkyn, and Tymkyn. The ‘Earliest English Wills’ have Idkyne (1397), Jankyn (1417–22) and Watkyn (1433). As Christian names these seem to have mostly gone out of fashion shortly after 1400, though instances occur later (e.g. Wilkin in Lyndesay's ‘Satyre’, 2180); most of them have, however, survived as surnames, usually with the addition of -s or -son, as Jenkins, Watkins, Wilkinson, Dickens, Dickinson, etc.Instances of the suffix being added to common nouns in the 14th c. are rare; but Langland has baudekin, fauntekin, and feudekin, perhaps on the analogy of the personal names. Other words in -kin from the same or immediately succeeding period are either adopted from Du. or are of obscure origin; and it is doubtful whether the ending was in every case felt as a diminutive: such are barmkin, bodkin, dodkin, firkin, kilderkin, napkin. Considerable obscurity attaches to many later words (16–17th c.) of the same type, as jerkin, bumpkin, pipkin, gaskin, griskin, bumkin, gherkin, ciderkin, etc.: in some of these the ending may be of different origin, or due to assimilation, as in pumpkin, tamkin for earlier pumpion, tampion. Apparently from Du. are the 16–17th c. words minikin, cannikin, catkin, and mannikin. Outside of these, and some forms used in oaths, as lakin (? for ladykin), bodykin, pittikin, the suffix is comparatively rare; the only example which has obtained real currency is lambkin (1579), though a few others are occasionally employed, as boykin (1547), devilkin, godkin, ladykin, and nonce-words such as glenikin, headikin, handikin (after mannikin). Bootikin (18th c.) is not clearly a diminutive in origin, and in Sc. cutikin, thumbikin (cf. also greenkin) the force of the suffix is different. -kin diminutive suffix, first attested late 12c. in proper names adopted from Flanders and Holland, probably from Middle Dutch -kin, properly a double-diminutive, from -k + -in. Equivalent to German -chen. Also borrowed in Old French as -quin, where it usually has a bad sense. This suffix, which is almost barren in French, has been more largely developed in the Picard patois, which uses it for new forms, such as verquin, a shabby little glass (verre); painequin, a bad little loaf (pain); Pierrequin poor little Pierre, &c. ["An Etymological Dictionary of the French Language," transl. G.W. Kitchin, Oxford, 1878] Used in later Middle English with common nouns. In some words it is directly from Dutch or Flemish. -kin /kɪn/ suffix. ORIGIN: from or after Middle Dutch -kijn, -ken, German -chen, as in Middle Dutch husekijn, huusken, German HÄuschen little house. Forming dim. nouns, as catkin, lambkin, manikin. ☞ kin -kin \kə̇n\ noun suffix also -kins \-nz\ (plural -kins) Etymology: -kin from Middle English, from Middle Dutch -kin, -ken, -kijn; akin to Old Saxon -kīn, diminutive suffix, Old High German -chīn; -kins from Middle English, suffix used to form surnames (as Jenkins), from -kin + -s, patronymic suffix (as in Roberts) : little < catkin > < babykins > -kin¹ Suffix now chiefly dialectal A suffix used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like. alkin Dutchkin ilkin weirdkin whatkin A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort. otakukin otherkin Etymology From Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds. -kin² Suffix now archaic Forming diminutives of nouns. Etymology From Middle English -kin, -ken, probably from Middle Dutch -ken, apparently representing Proto-Germanic -ikīną, -ukīną, a double diminutive, from Proto-Germanic -ikaz, -ukaz (Compare Old English -oc) + Proto-Germanic -īną (Compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen*. More at -ock, -en. Derived terms bodkin boykin catkin devilkin ladykin lambkin manikin munchkin napkin pannikin pumpkin ► English words suffixed with -kin Related terms mannikin/mannequin ramekin/ramequin -kins 后缀：-kin [名词后缀] 表示小 ladykin 小妇人 lambkin 羔羊 princekin 小君主，幼君 pannikin 小盘，小平锅 manikin 矮子，侏儒 devilikin 小魔鬼 cannikin 小罐 napkin 揩嘴布，餐布
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更新时间：2025/2/14 7:15:02