abstain
v.
late 14c., "to withhold oneself," from Old French abstenir (14c.), earlier astenir (13c.) "hold (oneself) back, refrain, abstain (from), practice abstinence," from Latin abstinere "withhold, keep back, keep off," from ab(s)- "from, away from" (see ab-) + tenere "to hold" (see tenet). Specifically of liquor, late 14c. Of voting, 1796. Related: Abstained; abstaining.
〔李〕[abs-（ab-）=away 离；tain=to hold 控制 ⇒“to hold oneself away from sth. 控制自己离开某种事物”→] v. hold oneself back；restrain 戒；节制
〔蒋〕[abs-=ab-离(from)，tain握，持，守;’go hold(or keep) oneself from”] 戒，避免，避开
〔李〕[abs-(ab-)=from离；tain=to hold保持，约束→“to hold oneself from约束自己离开”→] v. ① keep from避开