英语词汇-able的发音释义、词根词缀、结构分析、同源词、词频及词根记忆法-英语词根词缀词典

　

词汇	-able
词根词缀	AHD Dictionary.com Macquarie MWCD NewOxfordEC OED Online Etymology Dictionary Prefixsuffix.com SOED Webster Wiktionary YoudictWordRoots -able 或 -ible suff.（后缀） Susceptible, capable, or worthy of a specified action: 能…的：易受影响的、有能力的或值得某一特定行动的： debatable. 有争议的 Inclined or given to a specified state or action: 易于…的：趋向于或倾向于某一特定状态或行为的： changeable. 易变的语源 Middle English 中古英语 from Old French 源自古法语 from Latin -ābilis 源自拉丁语 -ābilis -ā- -ā- -i- [thematic vowels] -i- [词干元音] -bilis [adj. suff.] -bilis [形容词后缀] -able Word Origin 1 a suffix meaning “capable of, susceptible of, fit for, tending to, given to,” associated in meaning with the word able, occurring in loanwords from Latin (laudable); used in English as a highly productive suffix to form adjectives by addition to stems of any origin (teachable; photographable). Also, -ble, -ible. Origin Middle English < Old French < Latin -ābilis, equivalent to -ā- final vowel of 1st conjugation v. stems + -bilis Related Words declinable amenable arable charitable deplorable descendible -ablea suffix used to form adjectives, especially from verbs, to denote ability, liability, tendency, worthiness, or likelihood, as in teachable, perishable, obtainable, but also attached to other parts of speech (especially nouns) as in objectionable, peaceable, and even verb phrases, as in get-at-able. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin -ābilis] Usage: Words ending in e often lose the e when -able is added to them (note becomes notable, argue becomes arguable). But some writers retain the e, especially where there may be confusion. For example, some prefer rateable to ratable, to keep a clear visual connection with rate rather than rat. If a word ends in ce or ge, the e is retained in order to keep the c sounding as s and the g sounding as j, as in traceable and manageable. -able adjective suffix also -ible ETYMOLOGY Middle English, from Anglo-French, from Latin -abilis, -ibilis, from -a-, -i-, verb stem vowels + -bilis capable or worthy of 1. capable of, fit for, or worthy of (being so acted upon or toward) — chiefly in adjectives derived from verbs breakable collectible 2. tending, given, or liable to agreeable perishable • -ably also -ibly adverb suffix -able /əbl/ suffix forming adjectives meaning［构成形容词］ 1. able to be 表示“能…的”, “可…的”： calculable. 2. due to be 表示“应…的”： payable. 3. subject to 表示“易于…的”, “需要…的”： taxable. 4. relevant to or in accordance with 表示“与…有关的”, “与…相符的”： fashionable. 5. having the quality to 表示“具…特点的”： suitable comfortable. 词源 from French -able or Latin -abilis; originally found in words only from these forms but later used to form adjectives directly from English verbs ending in -ate, e.g. educable from educate; subsequently used to form adjectives from verbs of all types （influenced by the unrelated word ABLE）, e.g. bearable, saleable. -ablea. Fr. -able:—L. -ābilem, adj. suffix, the special form taken by the suffix -bili- (see -ble) when added to vbs. in -āre, Fr. -er. Extended in Fr. to vbs. of all conjugations, -ble taking the place of -nt in pr. pple., thus périss-able, recev-able, vend-able, défend-able, mouv-able. Originally found in Eng. only in words from OFr. but soon by analysis of such instances as pass-able, agree-able, amend-able, treated as a living suffix, and freely employed to form analogous adjectives, not only on vbs. from Fr., but at length on native words, as bearable, speakable, breakable, wearable. This extension seems to be largely due to form-association with the adj. able (to which the suffix is not related), so that eatable, e.g. is taken as eat + able, able to be eaten. The vb. has often a n. of the same form, as in debat-able, rat(e)-able; these lead the way to such as carriageable, clubbable, where the n. seems to be the source, and saleable, in which no vb. exists. Recent usage adds -able even to a verbal phrase as get-ˈat-able, come-ˈat-able. Now always with passive sense, but in early words often active, as in comfortable, suitable, able to comfort, suit. -able word-forming element expressing ability, capacity, fitness, from French, from Latin -ibilis, -abilis, forming adjectives from verbs, from PIE -tro-, a suffix used to form nouns of instrument. In Latin, infinitives in -are took -abilis, others -ibilis; in English, -able tends to be used with native (and other non-Latin) words, -ible with words of obvious Latin origin (but there are exceptions). The Latin suffix is not etymologically connected with able, but it long has been popularly associated with it, and this has contributed to its survival as a living suffix. It is related to the second syllable of rudder and saddle. ☞ -able, -ible -able /əb(ə)l/ suffix. ORIGIN: French from Latin -abilis adjectival suffix, the form taken by the suffix -bilis (see -ble) when added to verbs in -are, French -er; extended in French to verbs of all conjugations and also (as occas. in post-classical Latin, e.g. amicabilis amicable, from amicus friend) to nouns, as in charitable, équitable. Forming adjectives. Orig. found in English only in words from French or Latin, as separable (from French séparable or Latin separabilis), but subsequently used to form many adjectives direct from the stem of English verbs in -ate, as appreciable from appreciate, educable from educate, extricable from extricate. Later, prob. by confusion with the unrelated able adjective, freely used to form adjectives from verbs of all types, as bearable, reliable, from nouns, as clubbable, saleable, and from verbal phrs., as get-at-able. In new formations now always passive in sense but earlier freq. active, as in comfortable, suitable. -able* adjective suffix also -ible \əbəl\ Usage: see Explan Notes Etymology: Middle English, from Old French, from Latin -abilis, -ibilis, from -a-, -i- (thematic vowels of various conjugations of verbs) + -bilis capable or worthy of (being acted upon) 1. : capable of, fit for, or worthy of (being so acted upon or toward) — chiefly in adjectives derived from verbs < breakable > < connectible > < eatable > < lovable > 2. : tending to, given to, favoring, causing, able to, or liable to < agreeable > < changeable > < knowledgeable > < peaceable > < perishable > • -a·ble·ness \əbəlnə̇s\ noun suffix -es • -a·bly also -i·bly \əblē, -li\ adverb suffix{ -able¹ -ible (not productive) (US) IPA: /ə.bl̩/ Suffix An adjectival suffix; forms adjectives meaning: Able to be done; fit to be done. movable: able to be moved amendable: able to be amended breakable: liable to broken blamable: fit to be blamed salable: fit to be sold Relevant to or suitable to, in accordance with. fashionable: relevant to fashion seasonable: suitable to season Giving, or inclined to. pleasurable: giving pleasure peaceable: inclined to peace Subject to. reportable: subject to be reported taxable: subject to be taxed Due to be. payable: due to pay Etymology From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin -ābilis, from -a- or -i- + -bilis (“capable or worthy of being acted upon”), from Proto-Indo-European i-stem form -dʰli- of -dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”). Not closely related etymologically, though currently related semantically, to able. Displaced native Old English -bǣre (“bearing, making, worth”), from Proto-Germanic bēriz; and -lic* (“like, having the quality of”), from Proto-Germanic -līkaz. Compare German -bar, Dutch -baar. Usage notes Originally used only on French and Latin words, like separable. Over time -able* was added to stems of English verbs ending in -ate, such as educable. Finally, due to probable confusion with the word able, it was used to form adjectives from all sorts of verbs, nouns, and even verb phrases, such as kickable, get-at-able, and clubbable. While a terminal silent -e is usually dropped when adding a suffix beginning with a vowel, which is followed by -able, the -e is not dropped when adding -able if the root ends with a soft -ce and -ge, as in replaceable and changeable, so that these are not misinterpreted as hard ‘c’ or ‘g’ sounds. This same rule is used for -ous, as in courageous. As when adding the suffix -ed, a final consonant of a root should be doubled if the preceding vowel is short and (in British English) stressed. The form -ible has the same senses and pronunciation. The choice between the two is somewhat idiosyncratic, but in general, -ible is used in forms derived from Latin verbs of the second, third, and fourth conjugations, and in a few words whose roots end in a soft c or g, while -able is used in all other such words, particularly those formed from Latin verbs of the first conjugation and those that come from French or from Anglo-Saxon (Old English). Fowler's English Usage recommends using -ible for simplicity's sake in any word whose root ends in a soft c or g to avoid -eable (e.g., changible rather than changeable), but this recommendation has generally not been followed. A number of adjectives in -able* come from verbs that do not have direct objects, but that rather are construed with prepositions. In these cases, the preposition does not appear with the adjective in -able; hence, reliable (“fit to being relied on”), laughable (“suited for laughing at”), remarkable (“fit to be remarked upon”), and so on. Traditionally, verbs ending in -ate drop this suffix before adding -able; hence, communicable (“able to be communicated”), eradicable (“possible to eradicate”), implacable (“unable to be placated”), inimitable (“unable to imitated”), and so on, but relatable, because relate is re- + -late, not rel- + -ate. Logically one should therefore say rotable to mean "able to be rotated", but rotatable has become accepted. There are cases where a word with un- -able is much more common than one with just -able, such as unbreakable, unsinkable, and untouchable. Derived terms ► English words suffixed with -able Related terms able ability -ability -able² Suffix An instrumental suffix; forms nouns representing: a tool or instrument. fable table vocable a place or location conciliable incunable stable Etymology From Middle English, from Old French, from Latin -a- + -bulum (“instrumental suffix”) or -bula (“instrumental suffix”), from Proto-Indo-European -dʰlom (“instrumental suffix”). Related to Latin suffixes -brum* (candelabrum) and -bra (vertebra). Usage notes This use of -able its related form -ible are not productive in English. Confusion may arise from mistaking nouns ending with these suffixes as being forms derived from the adjectival suffixes mentioned in Etymology 1 above. Derived terms conciliable fable incunable stable table vocable 后缀：-able [形容词后缀] 表示“可...的”、“能...的”，或具有某种性质的 knowable 可知的 changeable 可变的 readable 可读的 lovable 可爱的 usable 能用的 dependable 可靠的 movable 可移动的 preventable 可防止的 inflammable 易燃的 adaptable 可适应的词根词缀：-able 【来源及含义】Latin: a suffix; expressing capacity, fitness to do that which can be handled or managed, suitable skills to accomplish something; capable of being done, something which can be finished, etc. 【相关描述】A suffix that forms adjectives. The suffix -ible has related meanings; expressing ability, capacity, fitness; capable of, fit for, able to be done, can be done, inclined to, tending to, given to. This list is only a small sample of the thousands of -able words that exist in English. 【同源单词】abdicable, -able, abolishable, abominable, abradable, acceptable
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