| 词汇 | penal |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： "pertaining to punishment," 1439, from O.Fr. peinal (12c.), from M.L. penalis, from L. poenalis "pertaining to punishment," from poena "punishment," from Gk. poine "blood-money, fine, penalty, punishment," from PIE *kwoina, from base *kwei- "to pay, atone, compensate" (cf. Gk. time "price, worth, honor, esteem, respect," Skt. cinoti "observes, notes," Avestan kaena "punishment, vengeance," O.C.S. cena "honor, price," Lith. kaina "value, price"). Penalty is first attested 1512, from M.Fr. penalité, from M.L. poenalitatem (nom. poenalitas), from L. poenalis. The sporting sense is first recorded 1885. Penalize formed in Eng. 1868. 词根记忆： a. 刑的,刑罚的(pen+al)[pen,pun=penalty,表示"处罚"] 词根词缀： penal penal a 刑的,刑罚的(ren+al) pen,pun=penalty,表示”处罚” penance n 赎罪,自我惩罚(pen+ance) penal a 刑的,刑罚的(ren+al) penalty n 惩罚(penal+ty) penalize v 宣告有罪,处罚(penal+ize) penitent a 后悔的(penit[=pen惩罚],引申为受惩罚而后悔=后悔的) repent v 后悔,懊悔(re反+pent=反进来惩罚自己=后悔) punish v 惩罚(pun+ish) impunity n 不受刑罚,免罚(im不+pun+ity=不受惩罚) |
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