| 词汇 | spirit |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： 1. spirit (n.) c.1250, "animating or vital principle in man and animals," from O.Fr. espirit, from L. spiritus "soul, courage, vigor, breath," related to spirare "to breathe," from PIE *(s)peis- "to blow" (cf. O.C.S. pisto "to play on the flute"). Original usage in Eng. mainly from passages in Vulgate, where the L. word translates Gk. pneuma and Heb. ruah. Distinction between "soul" and "spirit" (as "seat of emotions") became current in Christian terminology (e.g. Gk. psykhe vs. pneuma, L. anima vs. spiritus) but "is without significance for earlier periods" [Buck]. L. spiritus, usually in classical L. "breath," replaces animus in the sense "spirit" in the imperial period and appears in Christian writings as the usual equivalent of Gk. pneuma. Meaning "supernatural being" is attested from c.1300 (see ghost); that of "essential principle of something" (in a non-theological sense, e.g. Spirit of St. Louis) is attested from 1690, common after 1800. Plural form spirits "volatile substance" is an alchemical idea, first attested 1610; sense narrowed to "strong alcoholic liquor" by 1678. This also is the sense in spirit level (1768). 2. spirit (v.) 1599, "to make more active or energetic" (of blood, alcohol, etc.), from spirit (n.). The verb meaning "carry off or away secretly (as though by supernatural agency)" is first recorded 1666. Spirited "lively, energetic" is from 1599. 词根记忆： n. 精神;志气;(pl.)情绪,心情;(pl.)酒精The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim.相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标. n. 精神;情绪(有呼吸→有精神)[spir=breathe,表示"呼吸"] n. 精神(spir呼吸+it)[-it①表名词,通常是抽象名词②表名词,"…的"] 词根词缀： spirit spirit n 精神,情绪(有呼吸=有精神) spir=breathe,表示”呼吸” spirit n 精神,情绪(有呼吸=有精神) spirited a 精神饱满的spiritual a 精神的,宗教的aspire v 热望,立志(a加强+spire=看到渴望的东西加强呼吸=热望) aspiration n 渴望,热望(aspire+ation) aspiring a 有抱负的(aspire+ing) conspire v 同谋(con共同+spire=同呼吸=同谋) conspiracy n 共谋,反叛(conspire+acy) expire v 断气,期满(ex出+spire=只出气不进气=断气) expiration n 断气,期满(expire+ation) inspire v 吸气,鼓励(in进+spire=吸气进去,引申为鼓励) inspiration n 吸气,灵感(有灵气) perspire v 出汗(per全部+spire=全身呼吸=出汗) perspiration n 出汗respire v 呼吸,恢复精神(re再+spire=再呼吸=恢复精神) respiration n 呼吸transpire v 泄露(trans交流+spire=互相呼吸=泄露) dispirit v 使沮丧(dis去掉+spirit精神) spirit n 精神(spir呼吸+it) -it (1) 表名词,通常是抽象名词 spirit n 精神(spir呼吸+it) credit n 相信(cred相信+it) pursuit n 追求(pursue追求+it) deficit n 亏空,赤字(de不+fic做+it…做得不够…亏空) plaudit n 喝采,赞扬(plaud鼓掌+it) affidavit n 宣誓书(af+fidav相信+it) (2) 表名词,”…的” pundit n 权威人士,专家(pund学问+it) hermit n 隐士(herm孤独+it) recruit n 新兵(re再+cru成长+it,参考:accrue增长) bandit n 匪徒(band匪帮+it) |
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