| 词汇 | shift |
| 词根词缀 | 词源： 1. shift (v.) O.E. sciftan "arrange, divide," related to sceadan "divide, separate" (see shed (v.)), from P.Gmc. *skiftanan (cf. O.N. skipta "to divide, change, separate," O.Fris. skifta "to decide, determine, test," Du. schiften "to divide, turn," Ger. schichten "to classify," Schicht "shift"). Sense of "change" appeared mid-13c.; that of "move, transfer" is late 14c.; that of "manage to get along" is first attested 1510s, in phrase shift for oneself, and yielded shiftless in the modern sense (1580s). 2. shift (n.1) c.1300, "a movement, a beginning," from shift (v.). This is the sense in to make shift "make efforts" (c.1460). Meaning "period of working time" (originally in a mine) is attested from 1809, perhaps influenced by a N.Sea Gmc. cognate word (e.g. N.Fris. skeft "division, stratum," skaft "one of successive parties of workmen"). Similar double senses of "division" and "relay of workers" exist in Swed. skift, Ger. schicht. Meaning "mechanism for changing gear in a motor vehicle" is recorded from 1914. Typewriter shift-lock is from 1899. 3. shift (n.2) "body garment, underclothing," 1598, originally used of both men's and women's. In 17c., it began to be used as a euphemism for smock, and was itself displaced, for similar reasons of delicacy, in 19c. by chemise. 词根记忆： v. 替换,转移n.转换,转变;(轮)班,(换)班The drifter swiftly shifted the gift to the left of the lift.那个漂泊者敏捷地将礼物换到电梯的左边. |
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